疏風解毒濟民眾

文/龐素銀

“風者，百病之始也。” 陽春三月，萬物復蘇，急于脫掉冬裝的人們容易被風邪侵襲，首當其沖的就是肺與頭面部。

"The wind is the beginning of all diseases." Spring in March, everything rouses up from sleeping. People who are eager to take off winter clothes are vulnerable to wind pathogen, especially the lung and the head.

制服致命“大頭瘟”Control the fatal infection with swollen head

《東垣試效方》記載了這樣一則醫案：公元1202年春，因氣候反常，一種奇怪的疾病在民間廣泛流行。患者初病時惡寒怕冷，接著頭面紅腫，嚴重時眼睛都難以睜開，兼有口舌干燥、咽喉不利等癥狀，病死率極高，俗稱“大頭瘟”。

A medical case is recorded in"Dongyuan trial effective formula": In the spring of 1202, due to abnormal weather, a strange disease was widespread among the people. At the beginning of the disease, the patient was afraid of cold, then the head and face got red and swollen, and it was difficult to open the eyes when it got serious, with dry mouth and tongue, inhibited throat and other symptoms. The disease of high fatality rate was commonly known as "infection with swollen head ".

當時，一位地方官的家屬亦染此病，遍訪名醫而不治。病情加重之際恰逢“金元四大家”的李東垣，結果藥到病除。心懷蒼生的李東垣后來將藥方刻于石碑，以濟百姓，凡用之者，無不效驗，存活甚眾，此方也因此被命名為“普濟消毒飲”，并流傳至今。

At that time, a local official's family also caught the disease. The official visited famous doctors but failed. When the illness became more serious he met Li Dongyuan, one of the "four great physicians of the Jin and Yuan period". Eventually the illness was cured. Li Dongyuan, with huge caring for the world, later carved the prescription on stone tablets to benefit the people. The prescription was proved to be effective by all the people who used it and survived. Therefore, the prescription was named "Puji Disinfection Drink" and has been passed down to this day.

雙管齊下行藥力Two-pronged approach to enhance the effect

后世的“普濟消毒飲”以黃芩、黃連為君藥，清心肺之熱；橘紅、玄參、生甘草為臣藥，行瀉火之效；連翹、牛蒡子、薄荷、板藍根、馬勃、白僵蠶為佐，解毒消腫；升麻、柴胡、桔梗為使，協助諸藥上達頭面，共計14味藥材。

In the modern process of "Puji disinfection drink", Scutellaria baicalensis and coptis chinensis are used as monarch medicine to clear heart and lung heat. Tangerine, radix scrophulariae and licorice are used as the minister medicine to purge pathogenic fire. Forsythia, burdock seed, peppermint, isatitis root, mabo and bombyx batryticatus are used as assistant medicine for detoxicating and subduing swelling. Hemp, bupleurum and platycodon grandiflorum are used as guide medicine to lead all the drugs to the head with 14 medicinal materials in total.

使用時，可將藥物研成細末，一半以湯調服，代茶飲；另一半蜜拌為丸，含服之。如有便秘者，亦可加大黃酒浸或煨用。

When using, the medicine is to be ground into fine powder, half of which can be taken in soup as a drink. The other half of the medicine is to be mixed with honey to make pills for buccal intake. On the case of constipation, you can immerse the pills in rhubarb wine or simmer it before taking.

棄用人參改薄荷Replace ginseng with peppermint

相比上述配伍，最初李東垣的“普濟消毒飲”，少了1味薄荷，多了1味人參，原因在于本方整體偏苦寒，希望以人參入藥提補人體正氣、保護脾胃。由于人參價格昂貴，后人在治療中常棄之不用，結果發現療效并未受到顯著影響，而新增薄荷則有利于加速解毒、縮短病程。后來的《普濟方》《醫方集解》等方書，均記載了這一改良版本。

Compared with the above compatibility, Li Dongyuan's "Puji Disinfection Drink" originally included ginseng instead of peppermint. The reason was that the whole prescription was bitter and cold and ginseng was added to improve the human body's healthyqiand protect the spleen and stomach. Due to the high price, ginseng was often abandoned in the treatment of later generations while the curative effect was not significantly affected. On the other hand, the addition of peppermint helped to accelerate detoxification and shorten period of treatment. So later books such as "Puji Fang" and"Medical Formulas Gathered and Explained"recorded this improved version.

現代藥理研究證明，“普濟消毒飲”對甲、乙型鏈球菌，肺炎雙球菌，金黃色葡萄球菌，白色葡萄球菌等均有較好的抑菌效果。此方可廣泛用于治療流行性感冒、扁桃體炎、帶狀皰疹、流行性出血熱、手足口病等傳染病，以及其他頭部或頸部因熱毒熾盛而導致的各種疾病。

The modern pharmacology study proves that the "Puji Disinfection Drink" has good antibacterial effect on Streptococcus A and B, pneumococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and white staphylococcus and so on. It can be widely used in the treatment of influenza, tonsillitis, herpes zoster, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, hand, foot and mouth disease and other infectious diseases, and other head or neck diseases due to the noxious heat type.

結 語Conclusion

“傷于風者，上先受之”，李東垣一針見血地指出，“大頭瘟”的致病關鍵在于風邪熱毒，“普濟消毒飲”的標準密碼在于“疏風解毒”四個字，以清熱解毒、消散風邪之法辨證施治，贏得了千古良方的美譽。

Li Dongyuan pointed out that the pathogenic key of "infection with swollen head" lies in the wind pathogen and heat poison. The standard code of "Puji Disinfection Drink" lies in key words "dispelling wind and detoxifying". The therapy of clearing heat, detoxifying and dissipating wind pathogen has won the reputation of eternal excellent prescription.