常 生 劉志惠韓娜楊志友王盼盼李凡殷軍?
(1.長(zhǎng)治醫(yī)學(xué)院, 長(zhǎng)治醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬和平醫(yī)院, 山西 長(zhǎng)治046000; 2.沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)中藥學(xué)院, 遼寧 沈陽(yáng)110016)
東北延胡索Corydalis ambiguaCham.et Schlecht.var.amurensisMaxim.為罌粟科紫堇屬植物東北延胡索的干燥塊莖[1],主要分布于中國(guó)東北地區(qū),具有活血散瘀、理氣止痛的功效,在東北地區(qū)常將其塊莖來(lái)代替正品延胡索使用,用于治療心腹腰膝諸痛、痛經(jīng)、月經(jīng)不調(diào)、產(chǎn)后瘀滯腹痛等。紫堇屬植物主要活性成分為異喹啉類生物堿類成分[2?3],具有明顯抗腫瘤作用,在腫瘤治療中有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景[3?4],如異喹啉類生物堿成分曲貝替定作為抗腫瘤藥用于治療特異性軟組織肉瘤、結(jié)腸癌[5]。東北延胡索中生物堿成分具有抗?jié)?、保護(hù)心肌耐缺血缺氧和鎮(zhèn)痛的藥理活性[6?8],但其抗腫瘤細(xì)胞活性方面卻鮮有報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)東北延胡索中生物堿類成分進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,分離得到16 個(gè)生物堿類成分。通過(guò)MTT 法評(píng)價(jià)16 個(gè)化合物對(duì)人腫瘤HepG2 細(xì)胞、HCT116 細(xì)胞、A549 細(xì)胞和HL60 細(xì)胞的體外增殖抑制活性。
Bruker Avance?400 核磁共振波譜儀(TMS 為內(nèi)標(biāo),德國(guó)Bruker 公司);Shimadzu LC?10A 高效液相色譜儀(日本Shimadzu 公司);Ultimate C18色譜柱[250 mm×10 mm,5 μm,月旭科技(上海)股份有限公司] ;Sephadex LH?20(美國(guó)Pharmacia公司);柱色譜硅膠和薄層色譜用硅膠(青島海洋化工有限公司)。甲醇(色譜純,天津康科德科技有限公司);乙腈(色譜純,美國(guó)Sigma?Aldrich 公司);娃哈哈飲用純凈水(杭州娃哈哈集團(tuán)有限公司);石油醚、丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇、氨水等試劑為分析純(天津市永大化學(xué)試劑有限公司)。
人肝癌HepG2 細(xì)胞、人結(jié)腸癌HCT116 細(xì)胞、人肺癌A549 細(xì)胞、人原髓細(xì)胞白血病HL60 細(xì)胞(美國(guó)Type Culture Collection);胎牛血清、磷酸鹽緩沖液(美國(guó)Hyclone 公司);RPMI?1640 培養(yǎng)基、DMEM 高糖培養(yǎng)基、胰酶(美國(guó)Gibco 公司);四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTT)、二甲基亞砜(美國(guó)Sigma公司)。
東北延胡索塊莖于2016 年5 月采自遼寧省寬甸滿族自治縣,經(jīng)沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)中藥學(xué)院生藥教研室殷軍教授鑒定為東北延胡索Corydalis ambiguaCham.et Schlecht.var.amurensisMaxim.的干燥塊莖。
東北延胡索干燥塊莖5 kg 用80%乙醇回流提取,減壓濃縮得浸膏(840 g),用1%的稀鹽酸調(diào)pH 3~4,靜置12 h,過(guò)濾,濾液用氨水調(diào)pH 10,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,萃取液減壓濃縮,得石油醚部位(20.1 g)、氯仿部位(34.3 g)、乙酸乙酯部位(3.6 g)、正丁醇部位(43.5 g)。經(jīng)薄層色譜分析發(fā)現(xiàn),氯仿部位和乙酸乙酯部位所含生物堿成分相似,因此合并后上樣于開(kāi)放硅膠柱色譜(100~200 目),以二氯甲烷?甲醇(100∶1~1∶5)梯度洗脫,合并相似流分后的Fr.1~Fr.7,其中Fr.1 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜(200~300 目),用石油醚?丙酮(10∶1)洗脫部分經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20 進(jìn)行分離,經(jīng)薄層制備得化合物3(8 mg)。Fr.2 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚?丙酮(7∶1)洗脫部分經(jīng)薄層色譜、Sephadex LH?20 和重結(jié)晶后得化合物1(9 mg)。Fr.3 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,乙酸乙酯?丙酮(10∶1)洗脫部分經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20 和薄層制備色譜后得化合物10(7 mg)和12(60 mg)。Fr.4 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以乙酸乙酯?丙酮洗脫,得Fr.4?1 和Fr.4?2,經(jīng)重結(jié)晶后得化合物13(8 g),經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20(二氯甲烷?甲醇,1∶1)和重結(jié)晶后得到化合物5(23 mg)。Fr.5 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,二氯甲烷?丙 酮?1% 氨水洗脫經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20(二氯甲烷?甲醇,1∶1)和薄層制備色譜得化合物6(8 mg)和7(5 mg),二氯甲烷?丙酮?1%氨水洗脫經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚?丙酮(2∶1)洗脫得化合物2(12 mg)、4(10 mg)。Fr.6 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,先以二氯甲烷?丙酮?1%氨水洗脫,得化合物9(7 mg),剩余部分以二氯甲烷?丙酮(4∶1)洗脫,得Fr.6?1 和Fr.6?2,前者經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20 得化合物8(7 mg),后者得化合物11(8 mg)和化合物14(5 mg)。Fr.7 經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以二氯甲烷?甲醇(20∶1)洗脫得化合 物15(11 mg),二氯甲烷?甲醇(15∶1)洗脫經(jīng)Sephadex LH?20 和薄層制備色譜得化合物16(5 mg)。
化合物1:淡黃色針狀結(jié)晶(丙酮),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:340.385 5 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H21NO4。1H?NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.72(1H,s,H?1),6.67(1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H?11),6.63(1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H?12),6.62(1H,s,H?4),5.94(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.91(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.10(1H,d,J=15.3 Hz,H?8b),3.89(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.86(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.61(1H,dd,J=3.6,11.4 Hz,H?14),3.56(1H,d,J=15.3 Hz,H?8a),3.26(1H,dd,J=3.6,15.9 Hz,H?13a),3.15(1H,m,H?5a),3.14(1H,m,H?6a),2.82(1H,dd,J=11.4,15.9 Hz,H?13b),2.64(1H,m,H?5b),2.64(1H,m,H?6b);13C?NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:108.7(C?1),147.5(C?2),147.6(C?3),111.5(C?4),126.8(C?4a),29.1(C?5),51.3(C?6),53.0(C?8),116.9(C?8a),143.3(C?9),145.0(C?10),106.8(C?11),121.0(C?12),128.6(C?12a),36.4(C?13),59.5(C?14),129.6(C?14a),100.8(9?OCH2O?10),56.1(3?OCH3),55.9(2?OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9?10] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物1 為華尖堿。
化合物2:無(wú)色簇晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:342.400 8 [M+H]+,分子式為 C20H23NO4。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.78(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H?11),6.74(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H?12),6.73(1H,s,H?1),6.62(1H,s,H?4),4.23(1H,d,J=15.4 Hz,H?8a),3.89(3H,s,9?OCH3),3.87(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.79(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.60(1H,m,H?14),3.56(1H,d,J=15.4 Hz,H?8b),3.26(1H,dd,J=3.8,15.9 Hz,H?13a),3.22(1H,m,H?6a),3.16(1H,m,H?5a),2.83(1H,dd,J=11.6,15.9 Hz,H?13b),2.69(1H,m,H?6b),2.65(1H,m,H?5b);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:108.6(C?1),147.6(C?2),147.7(C?3),111.4(C?4),126.7(C?4a),29.0(C?5),51.6(C?6),53.9(C?8),124.9(C?8a),143.6(C?9),146.7(C?10),114.7(C?11),124.9(C?12),127.1(C?12a),36.2(C?13),59.6(C?14),129.6(C?14a),60.6(9?OCH3),56.2(3?OCH3),56.0(2?OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物2 為紫堇達(dá)明堿。
化合物3:淡黃色針狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。與卡維丁共薄層,3 種展開(kāi)系統(tǒng)Rf值完全一致。故將化合物3 鑒定為卡維丁。
化合物4:無(wú)色棱狀柱晶(甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:370.454 5 [M+H]+,分子式為C22H27NO4。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.91(1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H?12),6.82(1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H?11),6.68(1H,s,H?1),6.61(1H,s,H?4),4.20(1H,d,J=15.7 Hz,H?8e),3.86(6H,s,2×OCH3),3.87(6H,s,2×OCH3),3.69(1H,s,H?14),3.50(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H?8a),3.23(1H,m,H?13),3.11(2H,m,H?6),2.60(2H,m,H?5),0.95(3H,d,J=6.9 Hz,13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12] 報(bào)道一致,故化合物4 被鑒定為紫堇堿。
化合物5:無(wú)色無(wú)定型粉末(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:384.180 5 [M+H]+,分子式為C22H25NO5。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.92(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H?12),6.79(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H?11),6.65(1H,s,H?1),6.67(1H,s,H?4),6.00(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.94(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.04(1H,d,J=15.2 Hz,H?8b),3.99(1H,m,H?6),3.90(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.89(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.45(1H,d,J=15.2 Hz,H?8a),3.32(1H,d,J=1.6 Hz,H?14),3.16(1H,d,J=17.7 Hz,H?5α),3.10(1H,dd,J=17.7,4.5 Hz,H?5β),2.20(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.14(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.2(N?CH3),116.1(C?1),124.1(C?1a),146.4(C?2),149.3(C?3),112.1(C?4),126.5(C?4a),36.2(C?5),76.3(C?6),54.2(C?8),116.8(C?8a),142.7(C?9),145.0(C?10),107.6(C?11),118.6(C?12),136.1(C?12a),40.8(C?13),69.4(C?14),101.3(9?OCH2O?10),56.1(2?OCH3),55.8(3?OCH3),23.4(13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物5 為11?去甲氧基白元胡堿。
化合物6:無(wú)色方狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:400.176 2 [M+H]+,分子式為C22H25NO6。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.58(1H,s,H?12),6.60(1H,s,H?1),6.71(1H,s,H?4),6.00(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.94(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.00(1H,m,H?6),3.98(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8b),3.90(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.88(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.41(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8a),3.31(1H,d,J=1.6 Hz,H?14),3.13(1H,d,J=17.4 Hz,H?5α),3.05(1H,dd,J=17.4,4.6 Hz,H?5β),2.18(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.13(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.2(N?CH3),115.4(C?1),123.6(C?1a),144.3(C?2),146.1(C?3),115.3(C?4),127.1(C?4a),35.8(C?5),76.0(C?6),54.0(C?8),110.4(C?8a),144.1(C?9),133.3(C?10),143.0(C?11),104.8(C?12),136.5(C?12a),41.0(C?13),69.7(C?14),101.7(9?OCH2O?10),56.8(11?OCH3),56.1(2?OCH3),23.4(13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物6 為3?去甲基白元胡堿。
化合物7:無(wú)色方狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:400.176 6 [M+H]+,分子式為C22H25NO6。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.73(1H,s,H?1),6.65(1H,s,H?4),6.57(1H,s,H?12),6.00(1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.93(1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.00(1H,m,H?6),3.98(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8b),3.91(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.90(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.41(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8a),3.28(1H,d,J=1.6 Hz,H?14),3.15(1H,d,J=17.7 Hz,H?5α),3.08(1H,dd,J=17.7,4.5 Hz,H?5β),2.18(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.13(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.1(N?CH3),118.8(C?1),125.6(C?1a),142.9(C?2),147.0(C?3),111.4(C?4),124.9(C?4a),36.2(C?5),76.0(C?6),54.0(C?8),110.5(C?8a),144.1(C?9),133.3(C?10),143.0(C?11),104.7(C?12),136.5(C?12a),41.0(C?13),69.2(C?14),101.7(9?OCH2O?10),56.8(11?OCH3),55.9(3?OCH3),23.4(13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物7 為2?去甲基白元胡堿。
化合物8:無(wú)色簇晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:444.202 2 [M+H]+,分子式為C24H29NO7。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.74(1H,s,H?1),6.66(1H,s,H?4),6.64(1H,s,H?12),6.00(1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.91(1H,d,J=1.4 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.31(1H,s,H?14),4.22(1H,dd,J=12.2,5.2 Hz,8?CH2OH),4.12(1H,dd,J=12.2,2.6 Hz,8?CH2OH),4.07(1H,dd,J=5.2,2.6 Hz,H?8),4.00(1H,m,H?6),3.92(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.90(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.88(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.11(1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H?5α),3.05(1H,dd,J=17.5,4.2 Hz,H?5β),2.30(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.14(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:40.0(N?CH3),115.8(C?1),124.4(C?1a),146.6(C?2),149.1(C?3),111.9(C?4),126.2(C?4a),35.7(C?5),76.2(C?6),61.2(C?8),111.6(C?8a),144.3(C?9),133.3(C?10),143.4(C?11),105.0(C?12),137.8(C?12a),40.0(C?13),61.6(C?14),101.6(9?OCH2O?10),56.7(11?OCH3),56.1(2?OCH3),55.8(3?OCH3),23.6(13?CH3),60.8(?CH2OH)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物8 為8?羥甲基白元胡堿。
化合物9:無(wú)色針狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:484.197 3 [M+H]+,分子式為C26H31NO9。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.30(1H,s,H?1),6.66(1H,s,H?4),6.36(1H,s,H?12),6.00(1H,d,J=0.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.95(1H,d,J=0.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.32(1H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H?6),4.47(1H,d,J=3.7 Hz,H?8),4.23(1H,dd,J=6.6,3.7 Hz,8?CH2OH),3.75(1H,d,J=6.6 Hz,8?CH2OH),3.91(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.90(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.84(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.08(1H,d,J=6.8,15.4 Hz,H?5α),3.00(1H,dd,J=6.8,15.4 Hz,H?5β),2.07(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.73(3H,s,CH3COO?6),1.16(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.5(N?CH3),110.6(C?1),127.3(C?1a),147.5(C?2),149.1(C?3),110.5(C?4),125.8(C?4a),33.2(C?5),75.3(C?6),60.5(C?8),115.0(C?8a),142.7(C?9),132.7(C?10),142.2(C?11),106.6(C?12),133.5(C?12a),49.8(C?13),100.9(C?14),101.6(9?OCH2O?10),56.5(11?OCH3),56.1(2?OCH3),55.8(3?OCH3),25.6(13?CH3),21.4,170.9(CH3COO?6),69.4(?CH2OH)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故將化合物9 鑒定為6?乙?;?14?羥基?8?羥甲基白元胡堿。
化合物10:淡黃色粉末(甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:442.181 3 [M+H]+,分子式為C24H27NO7。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.10(1H,s,H?1),6.67(1H,s,H?12),6.52(1H,s,H?4),5.97(1H,s,J=0.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.93(1H,s,J=0.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.41(1H,t,J=3.0 Hz,H?6),3.95(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H?8b),3.94(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.91(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.86(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.84(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H?8a),3.71(1H,s,H?14),3.12(1H,d,J=17.5,3.1 Hz,H?5α),2.94(1H,dd,J=17.5,3.1 Hz,H?5β),1.84(3H,s,CH3COO?6),1.29(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:113.2(C?1),128.0(C?1a),148.4(C?2),148.1(C?3),110.6(C?4),123.1(C?4a),31.3(C?5),76.1(C?6),55.9(C?8),110.6(C?8a),143.7(C?9),132.9(C?10),142.4(C?11),105.5(C?12),134.5(C?12a),36.9(C?13),61.2(C?14),101.6(9?OCH2O?10),56.6(11?OCH3),56.0(3?OCH3),55.8(2?OCH3),25.6(13?CH3),21.2,170.0(CH3COO?6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故將化合物10 鑒定為6?乙酰基?N?去甲基白元胡堿。
化合物11:無(wú)色方狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:400.175 2 [M+H]+,分子式為C22H25NO6。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.63(1H,s,H?1),6.68(1H,s,H?4),6.40(1H,s,H?12),6.00(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.80(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.10(1H,m,H?6),3.88(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.88(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.87(1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H?8b),3.42(1H,d,J=14.5 Hz,H?8a),3.32(1H,d,J=1.2 Hz,H?14),3.20(1H,d,J=18.0 Hz,H?5α),3.12(1H,dd,J=18.0,4.6 Hz,H?5β),2.20(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.07(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.2(N?CH3),116.0(C?1),124.0(C?1a),146.5(C?2),149.4(C?3),111.9(C?4),126.1(C?4a),35.6(C?5β),76.0(C?6),54.4(C?8),108.2(C?8a),143.2(C?9),132.4(C?10),139.6(C?11),109.0(C?12),134.8(C?12a),40.6(C?13),69.6(C?14),101.6(9?OCH2O?10),56.1(2?OCH3),55.8(3?OCH3),23.0(13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物11 為11?去甲基白元胡堿。
化合物12:淡黃色方狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:456.175 5 [M+H]+,分子式為C25H29NO7。1H?NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.94(1H,s,H?1),6.76(1H,s,H?12),6.51(1H,s,H?4),5.92(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.90(1H,d,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.26(1H,dd,J=6.1,8.3 Hz,H?6),3.89(3H,s,11?OCH3),3.88(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.82(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.79(1H,d,J=15.5 Hz,H?8b),3.63(1H,s,H?14),3.53(1H,d,J=15.7 Hz,H?8a),2.93(1H,d,J=15.4,8.3 Hz,H?5α),2.85(1H,dd,J=15.4,6.0 Hz,H?5β),2.52(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.92(3H,s,CH3COO?6),1.31(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:43.5(N?CH3),112.4(C?1),128.6(C?1a),148.2(C?2),147.5(C?3),111.2(C?4),126.2(C?4a),32.4(C?5β),75.6(C?6),48.8(C?8),111.1(C?8a),144.5(C?9),132.9(C?10),142.0(C?11),106.6(C?12),133.6(C?12a),42.3(C?13),69.4(C?14),101.5(9?OCH2O?10),56.6(11?OCH3),56.1(3?OCH3),55.8(2?OCH3),28.1(13?CH3),21.3,170.4(CH3COO?6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9,13] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物12 為6?乙?;自鷫A。
化合物13:無(wú)色塊狀結(jié)晶(二氯甲烷?甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。與白元胡堿對(duì)照品共薄層,3 種展開(kāi)系統(tǒng)Rf值完全一致。故將化合物13 鑒定為白元胡堿。
化合物14:淡黃色針狀結(jié)晶(甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橘黃色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:386.159 6 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H23NO6。1H?NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.91(1H,s,H?1),6.82(1H,s,H?4),6.63(1H,s,H?12),6.01(1H,s,J=1.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),5.98(1H,s,J=1.9 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.45(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8a),4.23(1H,d,J=14.8 Hz,H?8b),4.24(1H,s,H?14),4.18(1H,m,H?6),3.89(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.17(1H,d,J=3.9 Hz,H?5β),3.12(1H,s,H?5α),2.69(3H,s,7?NCH3),1.23(3H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:40.8(N?CH3),119.8(C?1),125.4(C?1a),144.5(C?2),149.8(C?3),112.0(C?4),118.3(C?4a),34.2(C?5),74.8(C?6),52.0(C?8),133.7(C?8a),144.4(C?9),133.1(C?10),141.2(C?11),108.0(C?12),103.5(C?12a),40.8(C?13),69.1(C?14),101.9(9?OCH2O?10),55.0(3?OCH3),21.9(13?CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文 獻(xiàn)[14] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物14 為2,11?二去甲基白元胡堿。
化合物15:為黃色無(wú)定型粉末(甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橙紅色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:351.139 0 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H20NO4。1H?NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:9.74(1H,s,H?8),8.00(1H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H?11),7.90(1H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H?12),7.38(1H,s,H?4),7.13(1H,s,H?1),6.48(1H,s,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),6.44(1H,s,J=1.5 Hz,9?OCH2O?10),4.79(2H,t,J=9.0 Hz,H?6),3.96(3H,s,3?OCH3),3.92(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.20(2H,t,J=9.0 Hz,H?5),3.03(1H,s,13?CH3);13C?NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:111.5(C?1),151.6(C?2),148.0(C?3),110.6(C?4),27.2(C?5),57.3(C?6),142.5(C?8),133.1(C?8a),147.7(C?9),145.2(C?10),114.6(C?11),119.2(C?12),133.1(C?12a),119.4(C?13),131.1(C?14),112.0(C?14a),104.9(9?OCH2O?10),55.7(3?OCH3),55.3(2?OCH3),17.3(13?CH3),以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物15 為去氫卡維丁。
化合物16:為橙黃色針狀結(jié)晶(甲醇),改良碘化鉍鉀溶液噴霧顯橙紅色斑點(diǎn)。HR?ESI?MSm/z:329.139 2 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H20NO4。1H?NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:9.44(1H,s,H?8),8.60(1H,s,H?13),7.80(1H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H?11),7.68(1H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H?12),7.58(1H,s,H?1),6.99(1H,s,H?4),4.86(1H,t,J=6.0 Hz,H?6),4.06(3H,s,2?OCH3),3.94(3H,s,10?OCH3),3.90(1H,s,9?OCH3),3.22(1H,t,J=6.0 Hz,H?5);13C?NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:112.3(C?1),153.2(C?2),143.4(C?3),109.6(C?4),133.2(C?4a),28.1(C?5),56.7(C?6),143.7(C?8),124.3(C?8a),150.8(C?9),156.5(C?10),129.5(C?11),121.4(C?12),135.6(C?12a),124.3(C?13),137.3(C?14),121.1(C?14a),61.7(2?OCH3),57.1(10?OCH3),57.0(9?OCH3),以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16] 報(bào)道一致,故鑒定化合物16 為藥根堿。
MTT 比色法對(duì)化合物1~16 進(jìn)行人腫瘤HepG2細(xì)胞、HCT116 細(xì)胞、A549 細(xì)胞和HL60 細(xì)胞的增殖抑制活性篩選[17]。結(jié)果表明,化合物6、11、14對(duì)HCT116 細(xì)胞均顯示不同程度的增殖抑制作用,其中化合物6 對(duì)HCT116 細(xì)胞抑制作用強(qiáng)于紫杉醇,IC50為(9.30±1.06)μmol/L;化合物1 對(duì)A549 細(xì)胞顯示較強(qiáng)的增殖抑制作用,但其抑制作用弱于紫杉醇,IC50為(20.89±3.13)μmol/L,見(jiàn)表1。其余化合物對(duì)4 種人腫瘤細(xì)胞均無(wú)明顯增殖抑制活性,IC50值均大于100 μmol/L。
表1 化合物對(duì)4 種人腫瘤細(xì)胞的IC50值(μmol/L,,n=3)Tab.1 IC50 values of compounds against four types of tumor cells(μmol/L,,n=3)

表1 化合物對(duì)4 種人腫瘤細(xì)胞的IC50值(μmol/L,,n=3)Tab.1 IC50 values of compounds against four types of tumor cells(μmol/L,,n=3)
本研究從東北延胡索塊莖中分離得到3 種結(jié)構(gòu)類型異喹啉類生物堿,化合物1~4 為原小檗堿型,化合物5~14 為六氫苯菲啶型,化合物15~16 為小檗堿型?;衔?、14~16 首次從東北延胡索塊莖中分離得到,化合物15、16 為首次從東北延胡索植物中分離得到。紫堇屬植物中的異喹啉類生物堿成分對(duì)HCT15 和A549 等腫瘤細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出增殖抑制活性[18]?;衔? 對(duì)HCT116 細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抑制活性,可能與母核中C?3 位酚羥基有關(guān)。東北延胡索中異喹啉類生物堿的抗腫瘤活性具有很大的開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,為進(jìn)一步研究抗腫瘤新藥提供一定幫助。