China’s Changing AttitudesToward Youth Sports中國青少年體育教育理念之變

艾熙麗/文　張超斌/譯

In the past， traditional ideas about the value of academic education meant that scholarly pursuits were prized for young people. Since China has a very challenging university entrance exam， teens have typically spent a great deal of their time studying for it.

過去，看重學術教育的傳統觀念鼓勵年輕人重視學業成績。由于中國高考難度極大，青少年一般要投入大量時間備戰高考。

Parents tend to strongly promote school achievement as its a major mode for improving the familys fortunes and the main way to climb the social ladder. This also led to a huge industry for extracurricular tutoring centres for students to help them improve their knowledge and performance in school subjects. As a result， there wasnt much time for sports， and they were even shunned at times as a distraction from important study time.

家長們往往大力推崇學業成績，因為這是改變家庭命運的重要方式，也是實現階級躍遷的主要途徑。對學業成績的重視催生了一個龐大的產業——各類課外培訓機構給學生補習學校科目知識，幫助他們提高各門功課的成績。因此，學生沒有多少時間進行體育活動，而且有時他們不愿意運動，覺得這會占用寶貴的學習時間。

But some major shifts have taken place in the last few years and attitudes toward sports， especially for children and teens， have changed dramatically. How and why has this happened？

近年來，上述局面出現了若干重大轉變，人們對體育的態度，尤其是對青少年體育的態度，有了巨大變化。轉變是如何發生的？為什么會發生？

Policy shifts related to education and homework

教育和作業相關政策轉變

Chinas Ministry of Education implemented its Double Reduction Policy in late July 2021. The aim of the policy was to reduce the burden placed on students by large amounts of homework and after-school tutoring.

2021年7月下旬，中國教育部宣布施行“雙減”政策。這一政策旨在減輕大量作業和校外培訓給學生造成的負擔。

Private tutoring centres， both online and offline， were strictly curtailed. Centres were no longer allowed to teach school subjects or open on weekends and school holidays. They were also only allowed to use non-profit business models and large tutoring companies were not allowed to have IPOs. Excessive exams were also banned.

線上和線下的私立培訓機構受到嚴格限制，不得再輔導學校科目，也不得在周末和學校放假期間開課。這類機構只能以非營利性商業模式運營，而且大型培訓公司不得公開募股上市。此外，禁止過度考試。

With these changes， China has seen a major shift in attitudes toward sports， especially toward young people involved in active activities.

隨著種種變化的出現，中國對體育的態度也發生了重大轉變，尤其是對青少年定期參與體育活動的態度。

An increased focus on physical education and sports

更加注重體育和運動

With tutoring centres closing down in the country， many have turned to become sporting centres for children. Zhou Jinyao， deputy director of the Youth Sports Department of the State Sports General Administration， mentioned that the Double Reduction Policy has provided the basic foundation for youth sports to thrive.

隨著中國的培訓機構紛紛關停，許多機構轉型為青少年體育中心。時任中國國家體育總局青少年體育司副司長周錦瑤指出，“雙減”政策為青少年體育的蓬勃發展奠定了基礎。

One example of this is the Dazhi Education Centre in Shandong. The centre had been in operation for more than 20 years but announced the opening of a sports centre and the launch of a basketball training camp right after the announcement of the Double Reduction Policy.

山東的大智教育培訓學校就是這方面的一個例子。該機構營業20余年，但在“雙減”政策出臺后，立即宣布大智先鋒體育開業，并啟動籃球訓練營項目。

In fact， after the announcement， all senior management teams working in the centre were made to study and make arrangements according to the new national policy requirements. Their step into the sporting direction showcased the early signals of such a transformation.

事實上，自從“雙減”政策出臺，大智的所有高層管理團隊都按要求學習了國家新政策，并據此作出了相應調整。大智進軍體育行業展現了中國對體育態度轉變的早期信號。

Under the Double Reduction Policy， there are now strengthened supervision of the sports sector and improved systems and standards to guide stand-ardised and positive development， and help companies maintain quality and safety. The industry is on a healthy development track， providing a strong institutional guarantee of growth.

“雙減”政策實施后，如今對體育行業的監管也有所加強，制度和標準得到完善，以指導規范、積極的發展，幫助體育行業的企業保證質量和安全。體育行業走上健康發展的軌道，為發展提供了強勁的制度性保障。

The Ministry of Education issued the “Compulsory Education Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards （2022 Edition）” on the 21st of April 2022. In the plan， it is mentioned that “sports and health” classes would account for 10%—11% of total class hours， surpassing foreign languages and becoming the third major “main subject” in early and primary schooling.

2022年4月21日，中國教育部印發了《義務教育課程方案和課程標準（2022年版）》，其中提到“體育與健康”課要占總課時的10%—11%。這一科目因此超過外語，一躍成為幼小教育中的第三大“主科”。

The plan also proposes to make full use of after-school services for sports and exercise to promote the development of youth sports after-school training. From these moves， we can see the emphasis on childrens sports and health and the development of childrens sports and health interests from an early age.

《義務教育課程方案和課程標準（2022年版）》還提出，要充分利用課后體育和鍛煉服務，推動青少年體育課后訓練的發展。從這些舉措中，我們可以看出國家不僅重視青少年體育與健康，而且重視從小培養孩子對體育與健康的興趣。

A focus on big sporting events

關注大型體育賽事

With Chinas great success in previous global sporting events， there has never been a more favourable atmos-phere for youth sports consumption until now. Parents are starting to see merit in competitive sports. It turns out that academics is not the only way to bring out ones merits. And just like with tutorial centres， parents are planning to “win at the starting line”， so to speak， by signing up their children for youth sports classes.

中國在以往的國際體育賽事中取得巨大成功，營造出前所未有的良好氛圍，刺激了青少年體育消費。家長們漸漸認識到競技體育的價值。他們發現，讀書并非發揮個人長處的唯一途徑。正如許多培訓機構，家長們也可謂計劃著要“贏在起跑線上”，給孩子報名參加青少年體育課。

Opportunities and challenges in the youth sports sector

青少年體育行業的機遇和挑戰

In 2020， the penetration rate of the childrens physical fitness industry exceeded 1%， indicating that the industry is a typical low-penetration， high-growth industry， and it is in the early stage of development. The future of the industry is promising and there should be big opportunities in the youth sports arena in the next few years.

2020年，青少年體適能行業的市場滲透率超過1%，表明該行業是典型的低滲透、高增長行業，正處于發展初期。該行業前景廣闊，未來幾年青少年體育領域將迎來重大機遇。

With the implementation of regulatory policies， companies will need to improve their operational standards and capabil-ities to become more refined operations.

隨著各項監管政策實施，企業須提高自身經營標準和經營能力，以實現更精細化的運營。

Also， the income of youth physical fitness coaches is also expected to increase significantly from the current average of 15，000 RMB per month due to a shortage of qualified， talented in-dividuals. The qualifications for coaches involved in youth physical fitness and high school entrance examination sports will also become more regulated. Nows as good a time as any for anyone wanting to become a certified professional coach so they can get ahead in the industry.

此外，由于有資質、有天賦的教練短缺，青少年體適能教練的收入將在目前平均月薪1.5萬元人民幣的基礎上大幅增長。對青少年體適能訓練和中考體育教練資質認證的監管也會更加完善。對于想要成為持證職業教練、在青少年體育行業出人頭地的人，現在正是大好時機。

Judging from the policies in recent years， the country attaches great import-ance to sports and health for all young people and there will be more policies and resources forthcoming as progress is made and youth fitness will increasingly be seen as an important branch of the entire sports sector.

從近些年的政策來看，中國對全體青少年的體育和健康極為重視。隨著進展逐漸顯現，未來將會出臺更多政策、給予更多資源，青少年體育將日益被視作整個體育行業的重要分支。

The future of youth sports in China

中國青少年體育的未來

Before the Double Reduction Policy was introduced， 92% of Chinese parents had enrolled their children in extracurricular classes and spent more than 10，000 RMB annually.

“雙減”政策實施之前，92%的中國家長為孩子報了課外班，相關年支出超過1萬元人民幣。

Given the recent shifts and policy changes， its no wonder parents are looking into spending money on developing their childrens physical skills. The development of the sports industry， the rise of quality education， and diversified demands are giving birth to more and more sports training classes for children.

鑒于近期的態度轉變和政策變化，無怪乎家長們要研究怎么花錢培養孩子的運動技能。體育行業的發展、素質教育的興起，以及多樣化的需求，正在催生更多的青少年體育培訓課程。

According to the “National Fitness Plan 2021—2025”， the sports market was to be worth 5 trillion RMB （$747.9 billion） by 2025. With the government showing full support for sports and focusing on peoples fitness， many are optimistic about the growth of youth sports in China.

《全民健身計劃（2021—2025年）》指出，到2025年，國內體育市場價值將達到5萬億人民幣（合7479億美元）。中國政府全力支持體育，關注人民健康，許多人因此對中國青少年體育的發展持樂觀態度。

From a macro point of view， the current youth fitness market is still in the emerging stage， and market opportunities are huge.

從宏觀來看，當前的青少年體育市場仍處于萌芽階段，市場機遇巨大。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎者）