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東西方國家急性壞死性胰腺炎影響因素的Meta分析

2023-04-29 20:05:16馬書麗楊曉曦陳晨喻靜周游路國濤向曉星龔衛娟陳煒煒陳娟
臨床肝膽病雜志 2023年7期
關鍵詞:病因影響研究

馬書麗 楊曉曦 陳晨 喻靜 周游 路國濤 向曉星 龔衛娟 陳煒煒 陳娟

摘要:

目的 探討東西方國家急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)及感染性壞死性急性胰腺炎(IPN)影響因素的區別,為預測和預防ANP的發生提供理論依據。方法 在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library、Web of Science等數據庫檢索公開發表的有關ANP、IPN的影響因素,檢索期限為建庫至2021年1月21日,運用Meta分析方法進行整合分析。結果 共納入59項研究,其中22項來自東方國家,37項來自西方國家。結果顯示, ANP的影響因素:在東方為男性(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.18~1.91,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=1.39,95%CI:1.06~1.71,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(SMD=0.44,95%CI:0.07~0.81,P=0.02)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.51,95%CI:1.38~5.64,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=3.57,95%CI:2.68~4.75,P<0.01)、膽源性病因(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.46~0.77,P<0.01);在西方為男性(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.30~2.05,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=2.09,95%CI:1.12~3.05,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=4.28,95%CI:2.73~5.83,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.99,95%CI:2.50~3.47,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=10.87,95%CI:2.62~45.04,P<0.01)。IPN的影響因素:在東方為年齡(MD=2.16,95%CI:0.43~3.89,P=0.01)、BMI(MD=1.74,95%CI:1.23~2.25,P<0.01)、白蛋白水平(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.75~-0.12,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=0.58,95%CI:0.04~1.11,P=0.03)、PCT(SMD=0.80,95%CI:0.56~1.04,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(MD=0.23,95%CI:0.15~0.31,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=2.47,95%CI:0.73~4.22,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=1.60,95%CI:1.46~1.73,P<0.01)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=2.52,95%CI:1.26~5.06,P<0.01);在西方為年齡(MD=4.07,95%CI:1.82~6.31,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.28,95%CI:1.39~5.17,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.18,95%CI:1.75~2.62,P<0.01)、SIRS評分(OR=3.88,95%CI:1.58~9.51,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.42~0.87,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=3.63,95%CI:1.11~11.92,P=0.03)。結論 當前證據顯示,東方人群ANP的特異性影響因素為膽源性病因及酒精性病因,而Ranson評分是西方人群ANP的特異性影響因素;BMI和壞死范圍≥30%是東方人群IPN特異性影響因素,酒精性病因是西方人群IPN特異性影響因素。

關鍵詞:

胰腺炎, 急性壞死性; 影響因素; Meta分析

基金項目:

國家自然科學基金(82004291);江蘇省自然科學基金(BK20190907);江蘇省六大人才高峰項目(WSN-325)

Influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis in Eastern and Western countries: A Meta-analysis

MA Shuli1,2,3, YANG Xiaoxi1,3, CHEN Chen3, YU Jing3, ZHOU You3, LU Guotao4, XIANG Xiaoxing1, GONG Weijuan3, CHEN Weiwei1, CHEN Juan1. (1. Department of Gastroenterology, Subei Peoples Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China; 3. School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; 4. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of? Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China)

Corresponding author:

CHEN Juan, chenjuan406512@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-2181-2636)

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the differences in the influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) between Eastern and Western countries, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of ANP. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles on the influencing factors for ANP and IPN published up to January 21, 2021, and a Meta-analysis was performed.? Results A total of 59 studies were included, with 22 studies from Eastern countries and 37 studies from Western countries. The Meta-analysis showed that in Eastern countries, male sex (odds ratio [OR]=1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.91, P<0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) (standardized mean difference [SMD]=1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.71, P<0.01), D-dimer (SMD=0.44, 95%CI: 0.07-0.81, P=0.02), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score (mean difference [MD]=3.51, 95%CI: 1.38-5.64, P<0.01), alcoholic etiology (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 2.68-4.75, P<0.01), and biliary etiology (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.46-0.77, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP, and in Western countries, male sex (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.30-2.05, P<0.01), CRP (SMD=2.09, 95%CI: 1.12-3.05, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=4.28, 95%CI: 2.73-5.83, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=2.99, 95%CI: 2.50-3.47, P<0.01), and organ failure (OR=10.87, 95%CI: 2.62-45.04, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP. In Eastern countries, age (MD=2.16, 95%CI: 0.43-3.89, P=0.01), body mass index (BMI) (MD=1.74, 95%CI: 1.23-2.25, P<0.01), albumin level (SMD=-0.43, 95%CI: -0.75 to -0.12, P<0.01), CRP (SMD=0.58, 95%CI: 0.04-1.11, P=0.03), procalcitonin (SMD=0.80, 95%CI: 0.56-1.04, P<0.01), D-dimer (MD=0.23, 95%CI: 0.15-0.31, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=2.47, 95%CI: 0.73-4.22, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=1.60, 95%CI: 1.46-1.73, P<0.01), and extent of necrosis ≥30% (OR=2.52, 95%CI: 1.26-5.06, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for IPN, while in Western countries, age (MD=4.07, 95%CI: 1.82-6.31, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=3.28, 95%CI: 1.39-5.17, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=2.18, 95%CI: 1.75-2.62, P<0.01), SIRS score (OR=3.88, 95%CI: 1.58-9.51, P<0.01), alcoholic etiology (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.42-0.87, P<0.01), and organ failure (OR=3.63, 95%CI: 1.11-11.92, P=0.03) were the influencing factors for IPN. Conclusion Current evidence shows that biliary etiology and alcoholic etiology are unique influencing factors for ANP in the Eastern population, while Ranson score is a unique influencing factor in the Western population. BMI and extent of necrosis ≥30% are unique influencing factors for IPN in the Eastern population, while alcoholic etiology is a unique influencing factor in the Western population.

Key words:

Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Influencing Factors; Meta-analysis

Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation (82004291); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190907); Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (WSN-325)

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)是消化科最常見的疾病,絕大部分AP患者是輕度且自限性的。但10%~20%的患者可進展成為急性壞死性胰腺炎(acute necrotizing pancreatitis, ANP),其中33%的患者仍會進一步進展為病死率更高的感染性壞死性急性胰腺炎(infected pancreatic necrosis, IPN)[1-4]。目前臨床上,ANP的診斷主要采用增強CT(contrast-enhanced computed tomography, CECT),CECT顯示胰腺或胰腺周圍壞死組織內有小而不規則的氣泡或細針穿刺(fine needle aspiration, FNA)細菌培養呈陽性提示為IPN,然而在疾病早期,尤其是發病48~72 h內CECT很少能診斷出ANP,且大約一半的IPN患者CECT不顯示有氣體,FNA并非常規操作,增加早期識別的難度[5]。而提早發現高危患者對臨床管理和預后至關重要。

由于AP的病因、治療和遺傳易感性在東西方存在差異,因此ANP和IPN的影響因素也可能不同。本研究旨在識別并分析早期的風險因素,探討這些因素在東西方國家ANP和IPN的預測和防治方面的價值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 規程與注冊 本研究根據PRISMA指南完成,已在PROSPERO注冊(CRD42021168942)。

1.2 檢索策略 檢索了PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Sci等數據庫,檢索時間均從建庫到2021年1月21日。以“Pancreatitis”,“Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing”主題詞與自由詞相結合的方式進行檢索,并聯合文獻追溯法進行手動檢索。

1.3 納入與排除標準 納入標準:(1)以英文發表;(2)患者年齡≥14歲;(3)觀察性研究;(4)胰腺壞死需由CECT或活檢或有經驗的外科醫生手術中診斷,而IPN則由CECT上存在氣泡征或經FNA引流或壞死切除獲得的胰腺或胰腺外組織提示培養呈陽性確診;(5)ANP文獻中納入的生化標志物和評分系統需要在72 h內獲得,而IPN的相關因素無時間限制。

排除標準:(1)樣本量≤5個;(2)非原始研究,包括會議摘要、個案報告、信件、專家意見、評論等;(3)無法提取數據;(4)無法獲得全文。

1.4 數據提取與質量評估 使用EndNote X9軟件嚴格按照納入和排除標準進行文獻篩選;采用紐卡斯爾-渥太華量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)評估隊列研究和病例對照研究的質量;提取數據包括:第一作者、國家(東方和西方)、出版年份、研究設計、研究人群(ANP和IPN)、風險因素等。文獻篩選、質量評估和數據提取均由兩名研究者獨立完成,有分歧由兩名研究者討論,若仍無法達成一致由通信作者裁決。

1.5 東西方概念的界定 本研究共涉及20個國家,將地理位置處于歐洲和北美的國家定義為西方國家。處于亞洲的定義為東方。根據Mak等[6]的研究,將處于交接處的土耳其定義為東方國家。

1.6 統計學方法 使用RevMan 5.3統計軟件進行數據分析。分類變量以OR和95%CI表示,連續變量以均方差(mean difference,MD)或標準化均方差(standardized mean difference, SMD)及95%CI表示。參考Hozo等[7]和Wan等[8]提出的方法將中位數、范圍或四分位數轉化x±s。采用Q檢驗和I2檢驗評估異質性。當P>0.1和I2<50%時,采用固定效應模型;否則,采用隨機效應模型[9]。當I2<75%和P>0.05被認為是低異質性[10]。當異質性高時,進行敏感性分析,必要時根據研究特征進行亞組分析。漏斗圖用于檢測發表偏倚。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

根據van der Vlist等[11]和Kunze等[12]的研究,將風險因素分為強、中度、弱、邊緣或無證據。(1)強有力證據:所納入研究中,不止一項研究的NOS評分>7分,且≥75%的研究報告結果一致或OR值>2.0/<0.8,P<0.05。(2)中度證據:所納入研究中,一項研究的NOS評分>7分,且≥75%的研究報告結果一致或OR值為1.5~2.0/0.8~0.9,P<0.05。(3)弱證據:所納入研究中,≥75%的研究報告結果一致或OR值為1.0~1.5/0.9~1.0,P<0.05。(4)邊緣或無證據:所納入研究中,<75%的研究報告結果一致或P≥0.05。

2 結果

2.1 文獻檢索結果 初步納入文獻16 499篇,在去重、查閱標題和摘要之后剩余253篇,進一步閱讀全文,最終納入文獻59篇[1,4,13-69],其中37篇[13-49]來自西方,22篇[1,4,50-69]來自東方,具體見圖1所示,納入文獻特征見表1。納入文獻發表于1986—2019年,其中43篇為隊列研究,16篇為病例對照研究。共包括來自20個國家的12 625例患者,主要涉及國家為德國、美國和中國,共評估66個影響因素,其中30個符合Meta分析要求。所納入文獻NOS評分均≥5分,提示文獻質量相對較高[70]。

2.2 ANP的影響因素 共39項[13-19, 21-22, 24-25, 27-32,

34-35, 37-42, 44-45, 48-50, 53, 55-56, 59, 64, 65, 67-69]研究報告了與ANP相關的影響因素。整體人群的Meta分析顯示,ANP的影響因素包括:男性[13, 16-17, 19, 21-22,

24-25, 27-29, 31, 34-35, 37-38, 40-41,44, 50, 53, 55, 59, 65, 67-68]、Cre[42, 65]、CRP[15-16, 18, 34, 38-40, 59, 64, 68]、D-二聚體[56, 64, 69]、APACHE-Ⅱ 評分[19, 21-22, 28-30, 32, 39-41, 55, 64]、Ranson評分[14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27-29, 31, 38, 41, 55, 65]、酒精性病因[13,16,19,21, 27-29, 31, 34, 37-38, 40-41, 45, 48, 65, 68]、吸煙[35, 65]和器官衰竭[24, 27, 32, 41]。西方ANP的影響因素為男性(OR=1.63,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=2.09,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=4.28,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.99,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=10.87,P<0.01)(表2);東方ANP的影響因素為男性(OR=1.51,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=1.39,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(SMD=0.44,P=0.02)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.51,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=3.57,P<0.01)、膽源性病因(OR=0.60,P<0.01)(表3)。結果提示,東西方影響因素的差異表現在D-二聚體、Ranson評分、器官衰竭、膽源性病因和酒精性病因上。敏感性分析表明結果具有可靠性。

2.3 IPN的影響因素 共26項[1, 4, 19, 20, 23, 26-27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 43, 46-47, 51-52, 54, 57-58, 60-64, 66]研究調查了與IPN相關的影響因素,整體人群Meta分析結果表明,IPN的影響因素包括年齡[4, 19, 26-27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 43, 46-47, 57-58, 60, 62, 66]、白蛋白[60, 66]、BMI[43, 47, 58, 60, 62, 66]、CRP[38, 57, 60, 62-63, 66]、PCT[57, 63, 66]、D-二聚體[62-63]、APACHE-Ⅱ 評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 51, 54, 57, 60,62-63]、Ranson評分[19, 26-27, 29, 33, 38, 54, 57]和壞死范圍≥30%[4, 27, 36, 52, 57-58, 63, 66]。因研究間的異質性較大,進一步分析了以IPN和無菌性壞死性急性胰腺炎(sterile pancreatic necrosis, SPN)為研究對象的亞組。結果表明,年齡[19, 26-27, 29, 36, 38, 46, 58]、WBC[58, 63]、CRP[38, 63]、APACHE-Ⅱ評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 51, 54, 63]、Ranson評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 54]和壞死范圍≥30%[27, 36, 52, 58, 63]是SPN進展為IPN的影響因素。為進一步比較東西方影響因素的差異,按研究對象的地域分為東西方兩個亞組。結果顯示:在西方,IPN的影響因素為年齡(MD=4.07,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.28,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.18,P<0.01)、SIRS(OR=3.88,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=0.61,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=3.63,P=0.03)(表4);在東方人群中,與IPN相關的影響因素是年齡(MD=2.16,P=0.01)、BMI(MD=1.74, P<0.01)、白蛋白水平(SMD=-0.43,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=0.58,P=0.03)、PCT(SMD=0.80,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(MD=0.23,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=2.47,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=1.60,P<0.01)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=2.52,P<0.01)(表5)。結果表明,BMI、CRP、PCT、D-二聚體和壞死范圍≥30%僅在東方國家有顯著性差異,東方國家發生IPN的影響因素明顯多于西方國家。對異質性高的東西方IPN的影響因素進行敏感性分析顯示:在西方,器官衰竭結果不穩定;在東方,APACHE-Ⅱ評分結果穩定,CRP、SAP、壞死范圍≥30%的結果不穩定。在分別去除Shen等[60]、Chen等[63]和Cao等[66]的研究之后,CRP(SMD=0.30,95%CI:0.11~0.48;I2=42%,P異質性=0.16)、SAP(OR=15.20,95%CI:10.38~22.25;I2=0,P異質性=0.32)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=3.55,95%CI:2.52~5.00;I2=27%,P異質性=0.24)的異質性顯著降低。進一步以IPN和SPN分組,探討器官衰竭影響因素的異質性來源。結果顯示器官衰竭(OR=2.63,95%CI:0.59~11.80;I2=80%,P異質性=0.006)不能區分IPN和SPN,且敏感性分析結果穩定。

2.4 發表偏倚 發表偏倚采用進行漏斗圖進行識別,結果顯示:年齡、性別、酒精性病因、膽源性病因、APACHE-Ⅱ評分和Ranson評分的漏斗圖均表現為左右對稱分布,表明本研究結果無明顯發表偏倚。

3 討論

本研究結果顯示在整體人群中,ANP的影響因素及IPN的影響因素與既往研究基本一致[27,47,62,65]。ANP的影響因素:在東方,得到強有力證據支持的是D-二聚體、膽源性病因和酒精性病因;中度證據支持的是男性和CRP;邊緣證據支持的是APACHE-Ⅱ評分。在西方,強有力證據支持的是器官衰竭;中度證據支持的是男性;弱證據支持的是CRP、APACHE-Ⅱ評分和Ranson評分。IPN的影響因素:在東方,得到強有力證據支持的是年齡、CRP、BMI、PCT、D-二聚體和壞死范圍≥30%;弱證據支持的是Ranson評分;邊緣證據支持的是白蛋白和APACHE-Ⅱ評分。在西方,強有力證據支持的是年齡和SIRS;中度證據支持的是酒精病因;弱證據支持的是Ranson評分和器官衰竭;邊緣證據支持的是APACHE-Ⅱ評分。

整體及東西方ANP各人群共同的影響因素有:(1)男性,其原因之一是男性患者喜飲酒[35],酒精加重了胰腺負擔;其二是男性體質屬陽易化熱,女性屬陰易化寒,而AP多屬濕熱證,考慮到清熱的柴芩承氣湯能改善胰腺微循環[71],推測濕熱的男性體質易發生微循環障礙。(2)CRP,CRP能預測ANP的發生,此研究結果與以往研究[36]一致。(3)APACHE-Ⅱ評分,由于其復雜性,很少在普通病房使用。東西方人群存在區別的影響因素:(1)膽源性病因是東方人群胰腺壞死的保護因素,此研究結果與姜丹等[72]研究一致。膽源性胰腺炎與其他類型胰腺炎在發病機制上有所差異,其與膽汁酸引起的鈣離子超載、活性氧生成增加、線粒體功能損傷有關[73]。此外,早期ERCP手術的開展減輕了膽源性胰腺炎患者病情的嚴重程度。而在國外,膽道問題處理時機相對較晚[74],這可能是膽源性病因不是西方人群的保護因素的原因;(2)酒精性病因是整體及東方人群的影響因素,東方人群長期飲酒使胰腺更易發生壞死。原因可能是由于飲酒類型[75]、人群對酒精敏感性[76]以及環境或遺傳因素的不同[75]。亞洲人的AP與酒精脫氫酶-2和醛脫氫酶-2的多態性有關,而未發現白人的AP與此相關[76]。酒精影響胰腺細胞死亡反應的機制有多種。乙醇分解為脂肪酸乙醇酯可以改變細胞的鈣離子傳遞,導致線粒體功能障礙和細胞壞死[77]。此外,乙醇還會影響胰腺實質細胞的炎癥反應和死亡途徑[77]。乙醇可以增強組織蛋白酶B的表達和活性,而組織蛋白酶B可能會增強壞死。同時,乙醇可能抑制胰腺實質中JAK2/STAT1信號通路,進而降低半胱天冬酶的活性和表達;(3)Ranson評分是整體和西方人群的影響因素,該評分系統需在患者入院48 h后使用,且有些指標并不常規采集(如剩余堿)。受研究數量影響,尚不能區分雙方差異的指標有:(1)Cre,該指標反映了血管內容積和內臟血流[41]和微血管灌注[78];(2)吸煙可致與胰腺壞死有關肝外門靜脈系統血栓形成的風險增加60%[79-80];(3)D-二聚體是ANP患者發生凝血紊亂和微循環障礙的中間產物;(4)器官衰竭,約45%的ANP患者會并發器官衰竭[81]。

整體及東西方IPN各人群共同的影響因素有:(1)年齡,老年人作為AP嚴重程度和死亡的風險因素已被廣泛研究,因此被納入如APACHE-Ⅱ評分、Ranson評分等評分系統中[82]。國外一項動物實驗[83]亦證明與年輕組相比,老年組大鼠胰腺組織的陽性細菌培養明顯增加;(2)CRP會在組織損傷、炎癥反應和細菌感染時升高,具有高敏感性和低特異性[27];(3)APACHE-Ⅱ和Ranson評分,此結果與Papachristou等[84]的研究結果一致。東西方人群存在區別的影響因素:(1)BMI是東方人群的影響因素,這可能與東方人易患腹型肥胖有關[85]。脂肪分解產生的不飽和脂肪酸抑制了線粒體復合物Ⅰ和Ⅴ,導致胰腺壞死[85],加重AP的嚴重程度。另一種可能是,內臟肥胖患者的脂聯素水平較低,導致炎癥反應增大[86]。而肥胖患者更易感染,機制尚不清楚,可能是由于肥胖相關的免疫失調,降低了細胞介導的免疫應答;(2)壞死范圍≥30%是東方和整體人群的影響因素。究其原因可能是,壞死面積越大,感染的機會越大;另一個原因是不同地區的人群腸道菌群不同。在AP期間,腸道微生物群失調導致短鏈脂肪酸減少,減少腸上皮細胞的增殖和分化,促進細胞凋亡,破壞腸屏障,導致細菌移位,這是IPN的主要原因[64]。東西方腸道菌群不同可能是導致IPN不同影響因素的根本原因;(3)酒精性病因是西方人群的保護因素,可能是酒精更大程度改變了西方人群的腸道菌群,腸道微生態及其代謝產物改變影響了患者腸道的通透性,但這有待進一步實驗證明;(4)器官衰竭是西方人群的影響因素,其與患者免疫功能受損和異常有關,不同的人免疫功能不同,未來還可以進一步比較東西方人群在器官衰竭發生率上的差異,進一步更深層次的發現其本質差異,為未來研究靶點提供參考。因研究數量較少,尚不能區分雙方差異的指標有:(1)低蛋白血癥 患者體內丟失的白蛋白與游離脂肪酸結合,促進炎癥反應進展和血管通透性增加[87]。此外,白蛋白水平是患者營養水平的衡量指標,充足的熱量能轉運出細胞內更多的鈣離子,從而減少細胞的損傷[88]; (2)PCT在細菌或真菌感染和敗血癥時含量升高[19]。CRP聯合PCT對IPN的預測價值值得探討;(3)D-二聚體,在亞組分析中發現,D-二聚體并不是SPN進展為IPN的影響因素,出現此研究結果的原因可能是D-二聚體的產生發生在胰腺組織壞死時,而不是后期繼發感染時; (4)SIRS評分,本研究結果提示其僅為西方人群IPN的影響因素;另有研究[89]表明將SIRS評分納為條目的PASS評分能預測東方人群的IPN,故單獨使用SIRS評分的價值仍需進一步研究。

本研究存在的不足:首先,本研究結果可能存在一些混雜因素導致結果偏差。其次,由于數據的限制,一些影響因素如鈣、補體C3、血清甘油三酯等未納入薈萃分析。此外,本研究中許多指標的異質性水平較高,異質性可能來源于不同的研究類型、人群或病因。因此,筆者通過亞組分析、選擇合適的統計模型來降低異質性。今后仍需開展高質量、大規模、跨國的前瞻性研究進一步證明影響因素的差異。

結合納入研究的數量及質量,綜上所述,膽源性病因及酒精性病因是東方人群胰腺壞死特異性影響因素,Ranson評分是西方人群特異性影響因素;BMI和壞死范圍≥30%是東方人群IPN特異性影響因素,酒精性病因是西方人群IPN特異性影響因素。研究者可進一步分析造成東西方差異的原因,為疾病的發生、發展及治療提供新視角。此外本研究進一步提示需根據人群特點構建出更適合的預測工具。

利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。

作者貢獻聲明:陳娟負責論文設計和擬定寫作思路;馬書麗、楊曉曦負責文獻檢索、整理并分析數據;馬書麗負責解讀數據并撰寫論文初稿;陳晨指導分析數據,修改論文;喻靜、周游、路國濤、向曉星、龔衛娟、陳煒煒指導撰寫文章并最后定稿。

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收稿日期:

2022-03-18;錄用日期:2022-04-24

本文編輯:王亞南

引證本文:

MA SL, YANG XX, CHEN C,? et al.

Influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis in Eastern and Western countries: A meta-analysis

[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39(7): 1643-1656.

馬書麗, 楊曉曦, 陳晨,? 等.

東西方國家急性壞死性胰腺炎影響因素的Meta分析

[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2023, 39(7): 1643-1656.

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