加強數字經濟和綠色經濟合作

文/吳迪（Mohammad Saiyedul Islam） 莫辛（AKM Mohsin） 譯/張佳藝

中國于2013年發起“一帶一路”倡議，旨在促進亞歐非等世界各國之間經濟合作與互聯互通。今年是“一帶一路”倡議提出10周年，隨著“一帶一路”倡議的不斷發展，中國意識到加強數字經濟和綠色經濟合作的重要意義，并將其作為發展的關鍵支柱。“一帶一路”倡議促進了共建國家在技術、創新、可再生能源和環境保護領域的合作，促進可持續發展和應對數字革命挑戰。

數字經濟專注于利用互聯網、人工智能、大數據和其他技術創新的潛力，革新傳統產業，創造全新機遇。數字經濟已成為全球經濟增長的驅動力。根據驗證市場研究公司發布的一份新報告，預計從2023年到2030年，全球數字轉換市場將以復合年均增長率（CAGR）17.20%的速度增長，到2023年底，市場價值將達到14668.9億美元。

綠色經濟強調可持續實踐、再生能源和環境保護，以滿足全球可持續發展的迫切需要。根據綠色金融與發展中心（GFDC）的報告，截至2023年6月，“一帶一路”共建國家在太陽能、風能和水電等可再生能源項目中投入了86.1億美元，中國的海外能源投入占其中的56%，為清潔能源產能的顯著增長作出了貢獻。

國際可再生能源機構（IRENA）的一份報告顯示，可再生能源領域經歷了巨大的發展變化，吸引了全球對可再生能源的投資，2022年投資額達到了0.5萬億美元，創造了新的紀錄。例如，“一帶一路”倡議的旗艦項目“中巴經濟走廊”就優先建設了可再生能源基礎設施。最新數據顯示，“中巴經濟走廊”為巴基斯坦國家電網增加了超過5500兆瓦的清潔能源，包括風能和太陽能。這些投資不僅有助于滿足巴基斯坦的能源需求，還減少了碳排放，促進了可持續發展。

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI),launched by China in 2013,has aimed at promoting economic cooperation and connectivity among countries across Asia,Europe,and Africa etc.This year marks the 10th anniversary of the BRI.As the BRI continues to evolve,China has recognized the significance of strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy as critical pillars of its development.The BRI has promoted collaboration among participating countries in technology,innovation,renewable energy,and environmental conservation and fostered sustainable growth and addressed the challenges of the digital revolution.

The digital economy focuses on harnessing the potential of the internet,artificial intelligence,big data,and other technological innovations to revolutionize traditional industries and create new opportunities.The digital economy has become a driving force behind global economic growth.According to a new report published by Verified Market Research?,the Global Digital Transformation Market is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.20% from 2023 to 2030,and the market value reach USD 1,466.89 Billion by the end of 2023.

The green economy emphasizes sustainable practices,renewable energy adoption,and environmental protection to address the urgent need for global sustainability.According to the report from the Green Finance and Development Centre (GFDC),China’s overseas energy engagement was 56% of $8.61 billion in the energy sector in BRI countries as of June 2023 went into renewable energy such as solar,wind,and hydropower project,and contributing to a significant increase in clean energy capacity.

A report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) indicates that the renewable energy sector has witnessed tremendous growth,attracting global investment in renewable energy and reaching a record high of USD 0.5 trillion in 2022.For instance,the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC),a flagship project of the BRI,has prioritized the development of renewable energy infrastructure.Recent data shows that CPEC has added over 5,500 megawatts of clean energy to Pakistan’s national grid,including wind and solar power.These investments have helped meet Pakistan’s energy demands,reduced carbon emissions,and promoted sustainable development.

中哈風能項目合作帶來巨大經濟和環境效益

近年來，絲綢之路經濟帶已成為促進中國與亞洲各國經濟合作和地區互聯互通的重要平臺。這種合作的顯著特點之一是共同開發以風能為主的諸多可再生能源項目。

哈薩克斯坦擁有得天獨厚的豐富風力資源，尤其是在其廣袤的草原地區和丘陵地帶，是一個極具吸引力的可再生能源投資地。哈薩克斯坦認識到利用風能的重要性，制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源目標——到2030年從綠色能源中獲取大部分能源需求。哈薩克斯坦已成為中國在絲綢之路經濟帶沿線開發清潔能源項目的戰略合作伙伴，中哈兩國在風能項目開發方面卓有成效的合作為該地區帶來了可持續發展的未來。

作為世界上最大的能源消費國之一，中國一直在積極推行可持續發展戰略，以應對氣候變化并減少碳足跡。作為《巴黎協定》承諾的一部分，中國承諾力爭2030年前碳排放達到峰值，努力爭取2060年實現碳中和。為了兌現這些承諾，中國致力于擴大可再生能源產能，而風能在其中扮演著至關重要的角色。

通過“絲綢之路經濟帶”倡議，中國和哈薩克斯坦在風能項目方面的合作得到加強。在此框架下，兩國在基礎設施建設、貿易和技術轉讓等多個領域開展了合作。中哈兩國在風能項目方面的共同努力取得了顯著成效，進一步鞏固了雙邊關系。

在中國提出的“一帶一路”倡議和哈薩克斯坦“光明道路”新經濟政策的框架下，中國企業開始在哈薩克斯坦的風電開發項目上展開合作。中國企業提供資金支持和技術援助，在哈薩克斯坦風能資源豐富的地區建設多個風力發電場。中國在風力渦輪機制造和安裝方面的專業知識，加之哈薩克斯坦的土地和風力資源，為兩國創造了雙贏局面。這些合作的另一個方面是建設跨境能源傳輸管道，使哈薩克斯坦的剩余能源能夠出口到中國。

The China-Kazakhstan wind energy cooperation has generated significant economic environmental benefits

In recent years,the Silk Road Economic Belt has emerged as a significant platform for promoting economic collaboration and regional connectivity between China and countries in Asia.One notable aspect of this cooperation is the joint efforts in developing renewable energy projects,particularly wind energy.

Kazakhstan has abundant wind resources,especially in its vast steppe and hilly regions,and is an attractive destination for renewable energy investments.Recognizing the significance of harnessing wind power,Kazakhstan has set ambitious renewable energy targets,aiming to derive a substantial portion of its energy needs from green sources by 2030.Kazakhstan has become a strategic partner for China in its pursuit of clean energy initiatives along the Silk Road.The fruitful cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in developing wind energy projects has brought a sustainable future in this region.

China,one of the world’s largest energy consumers,has been actively pursuing sustainable development strategies to combat climate change and reduce its carbon footprint.As part of its commitment to the Paris Agreement,China has pledged to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.China is keen on expanding its renewable energy capacity to fulfill these commitments,with wind energy playing a crucial role in this endeavor.

The Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative has fostered cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in wind energ y projects.Under th is f ramework,the t wo nations have collaborated on various fronts,including infrastructure development,trade,and technology transfer.Joint efforts in wind energy projects have gained significant momentum,further cementing their bilateral ties.

2022年6月26日，中國企業承建的孟加拉國帕德瑪大橋舉行開通儀式（圖片來源：新華社）

Under the framework of the China-proposed BRI and Kazakhstan’s Bright Path new economic policy,Chinese companies started cooperating on wind power development projects in Kazakhstan.Those projects involve the construction of multiple wind farms across Kazakhstan’s wind-rich regions,with substantial financial and technical assistance from Chinese companies.Chinese expertise in wind turbine manufacturing and installation,coupled with Kazakhstan’s land and wind resources,has created a win-win situation for both countries.Another aspect of this collaboration is the construction of cross-border power transmission lines,enabling the export of surplus energy from Kazakhstan to China.

中哈風能合作為兩國帶來巨大的經濟和環境效益。對哈薩克斯坦而言，風能投資為經濟增長、創造就業機會和外國直接投資帶來新的機遇。此外，轉向可再生能源也有助于減少該國對化石燃料的依賴，提高能源安全。根據中國日報發布的官方數據，到2022年年底，哈薩克斯坦在中國援助下可再生能源項目總裝機容量將超過1000兆瓦。

對中國而言，通過從哈薩克斯坦進口清潔能源，可以取代部分化石燃料，減少溫室氣體排放，有助于加快向綠色能源轉型，符合本國碳減排目標。

中國和哈薩克斯坦在絲綢之路經濟帶沿線風能項目上的合作展示了區域合作在促進可持續發展方面的潛力。通過將中國的技術專長與哈薩克斯坦的風能資源相結合，兩國在可再生能源方面取得了實質性進展。隨著這一伙伴關系不斷深化，它為更廣泛的地區樹立了積極的榜樣，強調了跨境合作在應對氣候變化和建設更加綠色的未來方面的重要性。

The China-Kazakhstan wind energy cooperation has generated significant economic and environmental benefits for both nations.For Kazakhstan,the investment in wind energy has opened up new opportunities for economic growth,job creation,and foreign direct investment.Moreover,the shift towards renewable energy sources reduces the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and enhances energy security.According to official data fromChina Daily,the total installed capacity of renewable energy projects in Kazakhstan with Chinese assistance would have surpassed 1,000 megawatts by the end of 2022.

By importing clean energy from Kazakhstan,China can replace part of fossil fuels,reducing greenhouse gas emissions,helping accelerate its transition to green energy and aligning with its carbon reduction targets.

The collaboration between China and Kazakhstan in wind energy projects along the Silk Road Economic Belt showcases the potential of regional cooperation in promoting sustainable development.By combining China’s technological expertise with Kazakhstan’s wind resources,both countries have made substantial progress in their renewable energy aspirations.As this partnership deepens,it sets a positive example for the broader region,emphasizing the importance of cross-border collaboration in combating climate change and building a greener future.

中新互聯互通項目推動數字創新和綠色發展

中國—新加坡數字經濟和綠色經濟領域的互聯互通項目在加強兩國合作方面也取得了可喜成果。隨著技術的不斷進步和環境挑戰的日益緊迫，這種伙伴關系將在推動可持續經濟增長和創新方面發揮重要作用。通過發揮彼此的優勢，中國和新加坡正在為營造更加互聯互通、數字化和可持續發展的未來鋪平道路。隨著全球努力應對數字時代和可持續發展的挑戰，國際合作變得至關重要。中新互聯互通項目是希望的燈塔，是數字創新和綠色倡議領域成功合作的典范。

中新互聯互通項目的核心是數字互聯互通倡議，旨在連接市場、產業和人員，促進經濟增長，為企業提供新的全球發展途徑。自2015年啟動以來，“中新（重慶）戰略性互聯互通示范項目”促進了中國和新加坡科技公司之間的合作，推動了跨境投資，促進了技術專長、金融服務、航空運輸等方面的交流。截至2021年，中新兩國共簽署商業合作項目162個，金額250億美元，協議融資項目208個，金額232億美元。這彰顯了兩國之間日益緊密的經濟聯系，以及中新互聯互通項目對貿易便利化的積極影響。

The China-Singapore Interconnection Project promotes digital innovation and green development

The China-Singapore Interconnection Projects in the digital and green economy sectors have yielded promising results in strengthening cooperation between the two nations.As technology advances and environmental challenges become more pressing,this partnership will play a vital role in driving sustainable economic growth and innovation.By leveraging each other’s strengths,China and Singapore are paving the way for a more interconnected,digitalized,and environmentally sustainable future.International cooperation has become paramount as the world grapples with the challenges of the digital age and sustainability.The China-Singapore Interconnection Projects stand out as a beacon of hope,exemplifying successful collaboration in digital innovation and green initiatives.

At the heart of the China-Singapore Interconnection Projects lies the Digital Connectivity Initiative.It aims to connect markets,industries,and people to boost economic growth and provide new avenues for businesses to expand globally.Since its launched in 2015,the China (Chongqing)-Singapore Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity has facilitated increased collaboration between Chinese and Singaporean tech companies,driving cross-border investments and fostering the exchange of technological expertise,financial services,air transportation,logistics,and information communication.As of 2021,China and Singapore had inked a total of 162 commercial cooperation projects with an amount of 25 billion U.S.dollars and 208 financing projects worth 23.2 billion U.S.dollars.This highlights the growing economic ties between the two nations and the positive impact of the China-Singapore Interconnection Projects on trade facilitation.

中國和新加坡致力于投資可再生能源項目、生態友好型交通網絡、廢物管理解決方案和綠色技術。《全球綠色金融發展報告》稱，新加坡是2022年全球頂級綠色金融中心，彰顯了該國對促進可持續投資的承諾。新加坡在可持續城市規劃和環境管理方面擁有豐富的專業知識，可以與中國分享寶貴經驗，以加速中國向更加可持續的經濟轉型。中國豐富的資源和專業知識也有助于新加坡成為一個更加環保和可持續發展的國家。亞洲開發銀行的數據顯示，近年來，中國在可再生能源領域的投資大幅增加。2022年，中國和新加坡公司的合資企業促進了太陽能和風能項目的發展，提高了可再生能源的產能。

中孟數字基礎設施合作推動孟加拉國新興技術發展

孟加拉國是一個充滿活力的南亞國家。“一帶一路”倡議提出以來，孟加拉國已成為其不可或缺的一部分。隨著該國努力實現經濟發展和可持續發展，認識到數字連接在推動經濟進步和提高公民生活質量方面的變革力量，孟加拉國也接受了“一帶一路”倡議加強數字經濟和綠色經濟合作的理念，踏上了彌合數字鴻溝、創建繁榮數字經濟的宏偉征程。

通過“一帶一路”倡議，孟加拉國迎來數字基礎設施方面的大量投資。例如，通過“孟中印緬經濟走廊”，孟加拉國努力發展跨境互聯網連接、光纖網絡和數據中心。這些基礎設施的建設促進了更快、更可靠的通信技術的發展，實現了孟加拉國與其鄰國之間的無縫數據交換和信息共享。此外，“一帶一路”倡議還鼓勵技術轉讓和知識共享舉措，使孟加拉國能夠采用和適應人工智能、物聯網和區塊鏈等新興技術。

同時，孟加拉國極易受到氣候變化的影響，因此促進綠色經濟發展成為當務之急。“一帶一路”倡議強調可持續發展，這與孟加拉國應對環境挑戰、減少碳足跡的努力不謀而合。

“一帶一路”倡議支持的重要項目之一是建設可再生能源基礎設施。孟加拉國通過開發太陽能公園和屋頂太陽能裝置，在利用太陽能方面取得了長足進步。這些舉措不僅加強了該國的能源安全，還有助于減少溫室氣體排放，進一步履行其對《巴黎協定》目標的承諾。

China and Singapore are committed to investing in renewable energy projects,eco-friendly transportation networks,waste management solutions,and green technologies.The Global Green Finance Index reported Singapore as the top global green finance center in 2022,underscoring the nation’s commitment to promoting sustainable investments.With its expertise in sustainable urban planning and environmental management,Singapore shares valuable experience with China to accelerate its transition towards a more sustainable economy.China’s vast resources and expertise contribute to Singapore’s efforts to become a greener and more sustainable state.Data from the Asian Development Bank shows that China’s investments in renewable energy have increased significantly in recent years.In 2022,Joint ventures between Chinese and Singaporean companies have contributed to the development of solar and wind projects to increase in renewable energy capacity.

The China-Bangladesh digital infrastructure cooperation develops Bangladesh’s emerging technology

Bangladesh,a vibrant South Asian nation,has become integral to the BRI since its inception.As the country strives for economic development and sustainability and recognizes the transformative power of digital connectivity in driving economic progress and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens,it has embraced the BRI’s key focus of strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy.Bangladesh has embarked on an ambitious journey to bridge the digital divide and create a thriving digital economy.

Through the BRI,Bangladesh has witnessed significant investments in digital infrastructure.For instance,under the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM-EC),a critical component of the BRI,efforts have been made to develop cross-border internet connectivity,fiber-optic networks,and data centers.These infrastructure developments have facilitated faster and more reliable communication,enabling seamless data exchange and information-sharing between Bangladesh and its neighboring countries.Furthermore,the BRI has encouraged technology transfer and knowledge-sharing,enabling Bangladesh to adopt and adapt emerging technologies such as AI,IoT,and blockchain.

At the same time,Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change,making promoting a green economy a top priority.The BRI’s emphasis on sustainable development aligns with Bangladesh’s efforts to address environmental challenges and reduce its carbon footprint.

One of the significant projects supported by the BRI is the construction of renewable energy infrastructure.Bangladesh has made strides in harnessing solar power by developing solar parks and rooftop solar installations.These initiatives enhance the country’s energy security and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions,furthering its commitment to the Paris Agreement goals.

“一帶一路”倡議鼓勵孟加拉國的基礎設施項目采用綠色建筑。生態友好型和節能型建筑設計越來越普遍，減少了能源消耗，最大限度地降低了建筑活動對環境的影響。帕德瑪大橋就是“一帶一路”倡議促進孟加拉國實現數字和綠色經濟目標的典型例子。作為該國歷史上最大的基礎設施項目之一，該大橋旨在改善帕德瑪河兩岸的連通和運輸，加強區域貿易和連通性。此外，帕德瑪大橋項目遵循嚴格的環保標準。設計采用了環保材料和建筑技術，最大限度地減少了對河流及其周邊生態系統的生態影響。帕德瑪大橋項目還對交通管理和收費系統進行智能技術集成。這些數字化解決方案也有助于減少交通擁堵和廢氣排放，促進環境的可持續發展。

盡管“一帶一路”倡議中數字經濟和綠色經濟合作大有可為，但也面臨諸多挑戰。例如，確保跨境數字交易中的數據隱私和安全至關重要，不同國家之間的環境標準和法規較為復雜，需要強有力的協調與合作。

然而，機遇比比皆是。“一帶一路”倡議的廣闊輻射力提供了廣泛的伙伴關系、知識交流和技術合作網絡。隨著共建國家不斷匯集資源和專業知識，它們可以共同克服挑戰，最大限度地發揮數字和綠色倡議的作用。

加強數字經濟和綠色經濟領域的合作是“一帶一路”倡議的重點，既可以利用數字技術的變革力量，又符合可持續發展的需要。本著促進數字經濟和綠色經濟的發展原則，“一帶一路”倡議力求創造一個更加互聯互通、可持續和繁榮的世界。這些倡議的成功取決于共建國家的承諾與協作，它們將共同努力建設更加美好的未來。

The BRI has encouraged adopting green building practices in Bangladesh’s infrastructure projects.Ecofriendly and energy-efficient building designs have become more prevalent,reducing energy consumption and minimizing the environmental impact of construction activities.The Padma Bridge is a prime example of how the BRI has contributed to Bangladesh’s digital and green economy goals.As one of the most significant infrastructure projects in the country’s history,the bridge aims to improve connectivity and transportation across the Padma River,enhancing regional trade and connectivity.

Furthermore,the Padma Bridge project adheres to stringent environmental standards.The design incorporates eco-friendly materials and construction techniques to minimize ecological impacts on the river and its surrounding ecosystems.The Padma Bridge project integrates innovative technology for traffic management and toll collection systems.These digital solutions contribute to reducing traffic congestion and emissions,promoting environmental sustainability.

While the BRI’s focus on the digital and green economy is promising,it also faces many challenges.For example,ensuring data privacy and security in cross-border digital transactions is paramount.Harmonizing environmental standards and regulations among diverse countries can be complex,necessitating robust coordination and cooperation.

Opportunities,however,abound.The BRI’s vast reach offers an extensive network of partnerships,knowledge exchange,and technological collaborations.As participating countries pool their resources and expertise,they can collectively work towards overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of digital and green initiatives.

Strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy is a pivotal focus of the BRI,aligning with the imperative for sustainable development and harnessing the transformative power of digital technologies.By promoting the growth of digital economy’s and green economy,the BRI seeks to create a more interconnected,sustainable,and prosperous world.The success of these initiatives hinges on the commitment and collaboration of participating countries as they collectively work towards building a better future.