我國雪上項目運動員部分心理、生理指標相關性研究

摘 要：運動員的競技水平在項目發展中起到關鍵作用，而心理狀態則是影響運動員競技表現的重要因素。通過量表調查法、儀器觀測法、數據分析法，對20名國家雪上項目運動員的心理、生理指標進行監測和評估，探討一般自我效能感、應對方式、心境、生理指標之間的關系。發現受教育程度較高的運動員的一般自我效能感和自尊感顯著較高；運動等級較低的運動員回避應對得分顯著較高，運動等級較高的運動員緊張水平顯著較高；一些心理指標與生理指標間存在相關關系；一般自我效能感顯著預測集中處理情緒應對。提出需要通過多維度的心理指標來評估運動員的心理狀態；要注重提升雪上項目運動員的一般自我效能感，引導運動員在面臨應激或壓力時，以更積極、直接的應對方式保持良好的情緒狀態，幫助運動員達到更好的競技水平和運動表現，實現我國雪上項目發展質的飛躍。

關鍵詞：雪上項目運動員；心理指標；生理指標；一般自我效能感；應對方式；心境

中圖分類號：G863.14" " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼：A" " " " " " " " " " " "文章編號：1002-3488（2023）03-0024-08

Research on the Correlation between Partial Psychological and Physiological Indicators of Chinese Snow Sports Events Athletes

YI Nian， HUANG Zhijian， SONG Liangyuan， ZHENG Xuan

（School of Physical and Education， Hubei University， Wuhan 430062， China）

Abstract： The competitive level of athletes plays a crucial role in the development of the event， while the psychological state is an important factor affecting athletes' competitive performance. The psychological and physiological indicators of 20 national snow sports events athletes were monitored and assessed by the methods of scale survey， instrumental observation and data analysis to explore the relationship among general self-efficacy， coping ways， state of mind， and physiological indicators. It was found that athletes with higher education levels had significantly higher general self-efficacy and self-esteem; athletes with lower sport levels had significantly higher avoidance coping scores， and athletes with higher sport levels had significantly higher tension levels; correlations existed between some psychological indicators and physiological indicators; general self-efficacy significantly predicts focused emotional coping. It is proposed that multi-dimensional psychological indicators are needed to assess the psychological state of athletes; Attention should be paid to enhancing the general self-efficacy of snow sports events athletes， guiding them to maintain a positive and direct emotional state when facing stress or pressure， helping athletes achieve better competitive level and performance， and achieving a qualitative leap in the development of China's snow sports events.

Key words： snow sports events athletes; psychological indicators; physiological indicators; general self-efficacy; coping ways; state of mind

1 研究目的與假設

《“十四五”體育發展規劃》指出，要以籌備2022年北京冬奧會為契機，實現冰雪運動跨越式發展[1]。當前，我國冰雪運動存在項目發展不均衡的問題，優勢項目集中于冰上項目，雪上項目發展相對緩慢[2-4]，因此，提升雪上項目運動員的競技水平是實現冰雪運動穩健發展至關重要的一環[5]，應予以足夠重視和深入研究。

運動員競技水平受多方面因素的影響[6-10]，不僅包括項目技術水平，也與自身的心理狀態有關[11]。……