



摘要:目的 應用蒙特卡洛模擬評價奧馬環素等6種給藥方案對肺炎鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌和大腸埃希菌感染的療效。方法 結合藥動學參數和藥效學參數,以AUC/MIC為PK/PD模型進行蒙特卡洛模擬,得到6種給藥方案對上述3種病原菌的達標概率(PTA)及累積反應分數(CFR)。結果 奧馬環素等6種給藥方案對肺炎鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌(抑菌靶值下模擬),都能達到CFR>90%;對于金黃色葡萄球菌(殺菌靶值下模擬),僅600 mg po q24h和多劑量C組(負荷劑量450 mg po q12h,維持劑量450 mg po q24h)達到CFR>90%;但對大腸埃希菌,所有給藥方案的CFR均不達標。結論 奧馬環素的說明書推薦給藥方案(負荷劑量200 mg iv,維持劑量300 mg po q24h)對肺炎鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌有較好的治療效果;但對大腸埃希菌,6種給藥方案均達不到預期療效。
關鍵詞:奧馬環素;蒙特卡洛模擬;藥動學/藥效學;累積反應分數
中圖分類號:R978.1 文獻標志碼:A
Evaluation of omadacycline dosage regimens in the treatment of three bacterial infections by PK/PD
Zhao Xuemei1 and Ge Tingyue2
(1 Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao West Coast New Area People’s Hospital, Qingdao 266400;
2 Children Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000)
Abstract Objective This study estimated 6 dosage regimens of omadacycline for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with the utilization of Monte Carlo simulation. Methods AUC/MIC as PK/PD model was implied with, pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic parameters, and 6 dosage regimens against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were analyzed. The probabilities of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fractions of response(CFR) of different dosage regimens against these three different pathogenic bacteria were calculated. Results All of the omadacycline dosage regimens achieved CFR values of >90% against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (based on stasis target). Both 600 mg PO q24 h and multidose group C (loading dose: 450 mg PO q12 h, maintenance dose: 450 mg PO q24 h) achieved CFR values of >90% against Staphylococcus aureus (based on a 1-log kill target). None of the regimens of omadacycline obtained an expected CFR value of >90% against Escherichia coli. Conclusion The recommended regimen for omycyclin in the instructio manual (loading dose: 200 mg IV; maintenance dose: 300 mg PO q24 h) has good efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. However, none of the simulated dosage regimens were effective against Escherichia coli.
Key words Omadacycline; Monte Carlo simulation; PK/PD; Cumulative fractions of response
奧馬環素是1種新型氨甲基環素類抗生素,有靜脈注射和口服兩種制劑。同四環素類藥物一樣,奧馬環素通過結合核糖體30S亞基,抑制細菌蛋白質合成[1-2]。奧馬環素具有廣泛的抗菌活性,可覆蓋臨床常見的革蘭陽性菌、革蘭陰性菌、厭氧菌和非典型病原體,并能克服四環素類常見的耐藥機制(如外排泵:TetK;核糖體保護蛋白:TetM)[1]。2018年,奧馬環素獲得美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)批準,用于治療成人急性細菌性皮膚及皮膚結構感染和社區獲得性細菌性肺炎。2021年,奧馬環素正式獲得國家藥品監督管理局(NMPA)批準。
體外研究和臨床研究表明[2],奧馬環素的蛋白結合率低(約20%),藥物組織滲透率高,且PK參數不受年齡、性別、肝腎功能影響。……