提升詞匯量的策略探究

詞匯量對于考生的重要性不言而喻，詞匯量的多少甚至對考生分數的高低起決定性作用。英語成績相對較薄弱的考生，其詞匯量往往相對較小；而基礎較好的考生，其詞匯量也往往較大。如何提升詞匯量也是困擾廣大考生的難題。考生往往會采用機械記憶的方式來記單詞，比如按照詞匯表或單詞書逐個重復讀寫來記憶，但效果并不明顯，往往很快就忘記，反復記憶又反復忘記，最終使考生失去記單詞的動力和興趣。那么，如何才能更好提升詞匯量呢？

一、以教材文本為基礎，深入研讀文本，建構知識結構

考生應該充分重視教材文本，教材的每個文本都是圍繞一個特定的主題展開的，包含了大量而豐富的主題詞匯。為了掌握這些零碎的主題詞匯，考生需要識別文本中含有主題詞匯的語塊，畢竟語塊是學習語言的基本單位，語塊可以包含動詞短語、名詞短語、形容詞短語、介詞短語等有意義的詞匯組合。此外，考生需要深入研讀文本，深探主題意義，從而找到主題語塊的內在關聯，把零散的語塊串聯起來，連成線、織成網、形成片，形成一定的知識結構，納入已有的知識結構，形成知識體系更易于儲存在大腦中。下面以人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies為例來闡釋如何通過深入解讀文本、建構知識結構來串聯零散的主題語塊。該文本包含了課標要求的precious life， entrust…with…， carry through， be deeply affected by， instead of， follow the traditional path of marriage， the majority of girls， complain， think of high tuition fees等 31個語塊。

該文本主要講述了“萬嬰之母”林巧稚的教育背景以及工作經歷，贊揚了林巧稚的努力拼搏、家國情懷以及默默奉獻的一生。該文本共有六段，可以分為三個部分，第一部分即第一段：通過引用林巧稚的話引入其艱難抉擇的一生這個主題；第二部分即第二至五段：主要講述了林巧稚的教育和工作經歷；第三部分即最后一段：再次引用林巧稚的話烘托其無私奉獻的精神。該文本是人物自傳、記敘文文體，其明線是時間線索，按照時間先后順序介紹了林巧稚的一生，暗線是林巧稚一生五個艱難的抉擇。因此，根據兩個線索把文本的主要語塊進行有意義的串聯如下。

Time

Lins experiences

1901

Lin was born.

1906

She was deeply affected by her mothers death.

1909

Instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to study medicine.

1917

She graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship， the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician and then was named a chief resident physician.

（續表）

Time

Lins experiences

1939

She was sent to study in the US.

1941

She became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the hospital.

1954

She was elected to the first National Peoples Congress.

1983

She didnt retire until the day she died， 22 April， 1983.

表1：文本的明線——時間線索

Hard choices

Reasons

Difficulties

Quotes

Qualities

Choice 1： Instead of getting married， she chose to study medicine.（Para1）

She was deeply affected by her mothers death.

The high tuition fees.

She responded， “Id rather stay single to study all my life.

determined

Choice 2： She rejected staying in the US but chose to return home.（Para2）

She wanted to serve the woman and children at home.

She must give up high incomes and comfortable life.

patriotic

Choice 3： She chose to open a private clinic rather than did nothing.（Para3）

All the people were still in need of help.

She charged very low fees and reduced costs and rode a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.

devoted， committed

Choice 4： Instead of holding many important positions， she chose to tend patients， publish medical research on care for woman and children， and train the next generation of doctors.（Para4）

The OB-GYN

department cares for two lives. We should be responsible.

She had to work very hard and may became exhausted.

“The OB-GYNdepartment cares for two lives”， she told new staff in the department. “As doctors， we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”

indifferent tofame andmoney，hard-working

Choice 5： She chose to work until the day she died， and toleave her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.（Para5）

Life is precious， and people entrust her with that life.

She may have nothing left for her own.

“Im ready to go. Dont try to rescue me any more. Dont waste the medicine any more.”

selfless， generous

表2：文本的暗線——林巧稚一生的五大抉擇

表1按照時間線索梳理了林巧稚的生平，共串聯了11個語塊（黑體劃線部分）；表2按照文本的暗線梳理了林巧稚一生的五大抉擇以及抉擇背后的原因、困難、對林巧稚話語的引用及其寶貴的品質，共串聯20個語塊。兩個線索共同形成了文本的知識結構，共串聯了31個課標要求掌握的語塊。

二、基于知識結構，復述文本內容，提煉語塊，強化記憶

建立知識結構后，也就理清了文本發展的主要脈絡，并梳理了文本的主要信息。為了進一步理解記憶主要語塊，考生要根據知識結構對文本進行復述，不僅更好理解文章的主要內容，而且能進一步掌握單詞、語塊的用法，為后續的遷移運用做鋪墊。同樣以人教版必修三Unit2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies為例，根據以上知識結構，該文本的復述如下：

In 1901， Lin Qiaozhi was born. As a five-year-old girl， she was deeply affected by her mothers death. At age 18， Instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to study medicine despite her brothers complain about high tuition fees. Eight years later， She graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship， the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician and then was named a chief resident physician. In 1939， she was sent to study in the US and was invited to stay but she rejected the offer. In 1941， She became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the hospital but it was closed because of the war. She chose to open a private clinic rather than did nothing， because all the people were still in need of help. She charged very low fees and reduced costs and rode a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. In 1954， she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress and then she held many important positions， but she chose to tend patients， publish medical research on care for woman and children， and train the next generation of doctors， for she thought that as doctors， they should “ be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.” She chose to work until the day she died in 1983， and to leave her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors， because she thought that life was precious and people entrusted her with that life.

以上復述包含了該文本需要掌握的主要語塊。考生不僅應能口頭復述，最好能夠寫下來使之更加精確、完整。此外，考生應根據知識結構和對文本的復述，再次梳理語塊，如下：

Be deeply affected by 對……感到深深悲傷

Instead of 而不是

Follow the traditional path of marriage 遵循傳統的結婚之路

The majority of girls 大多數女孩

……

梳理語塊時注意分兩欄，左邊寫英語，右邊默寫漢語，中英文對照以便后續再次鞏固復習，強化記憶。

三、結合試題，歸納派生詞，積累語塊

對于考生而言，熟練掌握教材文本語塊僅僅是基本功。而考試的時候，往往會有很多超越教材文本的詞匯導致考生看不懂文章，答題的錯誤率居高不下，因此，考生要善于總結試題中的詞匯，尤其是派生詞以及語塊以拓展詞匯量。下面以2024年廣州市普通高中畢業班綜合測試 （二）的A篇文章為例來闡明如何總結派生詞、積累語塊。該文章如下：

A

Train the important skills modern editors use to evaluate and enhance writing for clarity， precision and accuracy.

In this course， students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece， going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy， style and organization. Understanding the different challenges in an editors job， students will get a behind-the-scenes look at this sometimes busy and often exciting career. Meanwhile， students will grow their own technical editing skills and return home a more competent editor.

Using Gen Z Era as their case study， students will meet and study under the people who decide what topics are relevant and valuable to the audience and who determine the overall editorial strategy， ensuring that the content meets the standards and tone of the publication.

Course Highlights

Visit the media city and attend lectures by award-winning guest speakers.

Assess articles as well as question and coach the authors to get the best piece possible.

Connect with professionals who manage the development and publication of accurate and worthy content.

Edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article in the style of Gen Z Era Price

Residential Program （Students live on campus）： $6，600

Day Program（Students commute to class every day）： $5，500

（Graduating seniors can have a $400 discount if applying before May 2，2024.）

Term Date： July 9-July 21，2024

Application Deadline： Friday， May 31，2024

Contact Admission： info@gzeeditor.net

21.Which is the probable name of the course？

A.Career Development in Media.

B.Editorial Decision-making.

C.Fundamentals of Editing.

D.Introduction to Publication.

22.What will students do in the course？

A.Interview award-winning guests.

B.Help authors improve their articles.

C.Connect with professional publishers.

D.Edit one article for Gen Z Era.

23.A graduating senior applying for a Day Program on April 30， 2024 should pay .

A.$5，100 B.$5，500

C.$6，200 D.$6，600

該文章是一篇應用文，主要介紹了寫作課程的主要內容以及基本信息。該文本含有大量的派生詞和語塊，因此，考生在答題后應總結歸納文本的派生詞并積累語塊以拓展詞匯量。如文章的第一段出現了editor一詞，第二段出現其形容詞短語editing skills，第三段出現另外一個形容詞短語the overall editorial strategy以及動詞短語edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article，考生應能敏銳捕捉到edit， editor， editing， editorial這一系列派生詞及其語塊。又如第22題中的選項C：Connect with professional publishers，原文中第二段出現其相關派生詞短語meets the standards and tone of the publication，而在人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies中出現其動詞語塊：publish medical research，因此考生應能把試題中派生詞的考查和教材文本中的詞根進行關聯，形成派生詞：publish， publisher， publication，publishing及其短語的全面總結。此外該本文還包含了同義詞如：第一段中：evaluate writing；第三段中出現其同義詞：assess articles，第一段中precision and accuracy也是同義詞，因此考生應善于歸納總結，若是能拓展就更好，如：evaluate—evaluation， assess—assessment， precision—precise， accuracy—accurate等；另外，該文本及其選項中還包含了大量高頻語塊如：award-winning guest speakers，a submitted piece，以及fundamentals of editing等，因此考生要善于識別、總結、拓展試題中的系列派生詞、同義詞、高頻語塊以擴大詞匯量。

總之，提升詞匯量應是考生持之以恒的追求，考生應能采取有效的策略助力詞匯量的擴展和夯實。在日常學習中，考生主要通過學習教材內容和所做的試題兩個方面來夯實詞匯基礎。考生要以教材文本為基礎，深入研讀文本，建構知識結構；基于知識結構，復述文本內容，提煉語塊，強化記憶；結合試題，歸納派生詞，積累語塊。

【本文系“中小學英語教學研究專項課題“基于深度閱讀的高中英語寫作任務活動的設計與實施研究”（批準號：GDJY-2022-A-yyb84）以及廣東省教育科學研究項目重點課題“高中英語閱讀教學中學科能力培養的行動研究”（批準號：2023ZQJK119）系列研究成果】

【作者簡介：曾獲湛江市直屬中學高效課堂比賽一等獎；湛江市高中教師微課和課件比賽一等獎；湛江市班主任能力大賽一等獎；主持申報的《高中英語閱讀中思維能力培養的實踐研究》榮獲湛江市基礎教育教學成果獎二等獎；在《基礎外語教育》《廣東教育》等權威期刊發表論文16篇】

責任編輯 吳昊雷