[摘要] 目的探討抑郁癥患者外周血中微小RNA(microRNA,miR)-15b、miR-503表達(dá)水平及其與認(rèn)知功能的關(guān)系。方法選取2023年1月至2024年6月紹興市第七人民醫(yī)院收治并確診的103例抑郁癥患者作為研究組,另選取同期94名健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組。采用蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評(píng)估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)評(píng)估抑郁癥患者的認(rèn)知功能,并分為認(rèn)知功能正常組(=68)和認(rèn)知功能障礙組(=35)。采用Pearson法分析miR-15b、miR-503表達(dá)水平與認(rèn)知功能的相關(guān)性;受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operatingcharacteristiccurve,ROC曲線)分析miR-15b、miR-503水平對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果研究組患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平均低于對(duì)照組(<0.05);認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平均低于認(rèn)知功能正常組(<0.05);認(rèn)知功能正常組患者的MoCA、簡(jiǎn)易精神狀態(tài)檢查量表評(píng)分高于認(rèn)知功能障礙組(<0.05);Pearson分析結(jié)果顯示,抑郁癥患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平與MoCA評(píng)分呈顯著正相關(guān)(=0.635、0.668,<0.05);miR-15b單獨(dú)診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)為0.836(95%:0.750~0.902),敏感度、特異性分別為77.14%、89.71%;miR-503單獨(dú)診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的AUC為0.892(95%:0.816~0.945),敏感度、特異性分別為80.00%、88.24%;miR-15b和miR-503聯(lián)合診斷的AUC顯著大于miR-15b、miR-503單獨(dú)診斷。結(jié)論miR-15b、miR-503在抑郁癥患者中表達(dá)降低,二者對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值較高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 微小RNA-15b;微小RNA-503;抑郁癥;認(rèn)知功能
[中圖分類號(hào)] R749 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2024.27.009
Expression of miR-15b and miR-503 in peripheral blood and their relationship with cognitive function in patients with depression
DepartmentofPsychiatry,Shaoxing SeventhPeople’sHospital, Shaoxing 312000,Zhejiang,China
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of microRNA(miR)-15band miR-503 in peripheral blood in patients with depression and their relationship with cognitive function. MethodsA total of 103 patients with depression admitted and diagnosed inShaoxing SeventhPeople’sHospitalfrom January 2023 to June 2024 were set asstudy group, and 94healthyparticipants were selected ascontrol group. The cognitive function of patients with depression was evaluated byMontreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),andthe patientsin study group weredivided into normal cognitive function group (=68) andcognitive dysfunction group (=35). Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between the expression level of miR-15b, miR-503 and cognitive function;Thediagnostic value of miR-15b and miR-503for cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression was analyzed by using receiver operatingcharacteristic(ROC) curve.ResultsmiR-15b and miR-503 in the peripheral blood ofstudy group were lower than those ofcontrol group (<0.05),miR-15b and miR-503 in the peripheral blood ofcognitive dysfunction group were lower than thoseofnormal cognitive function group(<0.05),the scores of MoCA and mini-mental state examination in normal cognitive function group were higher than those in cognitive dysfunction group (<0.05); The results of Pearson analysis showed that the levels of miR-15b and miR-503 in peripheral blood of patients with depression were significantly positively correlated with MoCA scores (=0.635, 0.668, <0.05); Thearea under the curve(AUC)of miR-15b level alone in diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression was 0.836 (95%:0.750-0.902), the sensitivity and specificity were 77.14% and 89.71% respectively; The AUC of miR-503 level alone in diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression was 0.892 (95%: 0.816-0.945), the sensitivity and specificity were 80.00% and 88.24% respectively;The AUC for the combined diagnosis ofmiR-15band miR-503 was significantly greater than the AUC for miR-15b and miR-503 alone.ConclusionThe expression of miR-15b and miR-503 is decreased in patients with depression, and they are of high diagnostic value for cognitive dysfunction in patients with depression.
[Key words]microRNA-15b; microRNA-503;Depression;Cognitive function
抑郁癥是臨床中較為常見的精神疾病,隨著生活壓力的增加,抑郁癥發(fā)病率逐漸升高,尤其是在女性群體中的發(fā)病率升高更顯著[1-2]。抑郁癥臨床表現(xiàn)為情緒低落、反應(yīng)遲鈍、意志活動(dòng)減弱、睡眠障礙及具有一定的自殺觀念和行為,發(fā)展到后期極易導(dǎo)致患者自殺[3-4]。認(rèn)知功能障礙作為抑郁癥常見的并發(fā)癥,可損傷患者的執(zhí)行力、意志力和注意力等,進(jìn)一步加重抑郁癥的惡性發(fā)展[5]。目前關(guān)于抑郁癥的發(fā)生機(jī)制尚未完全明確。近年來,相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在細(xì)胞的增殖、分化及凋亡等方面發(fā)揮重要作用,miRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄后可有效調(diào)控神經(jīng)元突觸的可塑性及免疫功能,其異常表達(dá)通常與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展存在一定關(guān)聯(lián)[6-7]。方可[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-503-3p可通過調(diào)控小鼠腦源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子/酪氨酸激酶受體信號(hào)通路中相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)參與抑郁癥的發(fā)生,推測(cè)miR-503可能也與抑郁癥發(fā)生有關(guān)。另有研究顯示miR-15b高表達(dá)時(shí),腦部血管生成受限、腦部供氧不足,導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)功能受影響[9]。本研究通過探討抑郁癥患者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平及其與認(rèn)知功能的相關(guān)性,以期為抑郁癥的治療提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2023年1月至2024年6月紹興市第七人民醫(yī)院收治并確診的103例抑郁癥患者作為研究組。其中男41例,女62例,年齡(39.25±7.86)歲,病程(14.47±3.83)個(gè)月。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合抑郁癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10],且漢密爾頓抑郁量表[11]24項(xiàng)評(píng)分≥8分;②首次病發(fā);③初中及以上學(xué)歷;④患者及其家屬均知情同意;⑤臨床資料完整;CwWOVmtWb3U6ZCatiGZua2CImJ/CMvS53cJUGmJ8ueA=⑥近6個(gè)月內(nèi)未接受抗抑郁藥物治療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①妊娠或哺乳期患者;②存在視覺、聽覺障礙者;③伴有惡性腫瘤者;④合并精神分裂、強(qiáng)迫癥等精神疾病者;⑤中途放棄治療或拒不配合者;⑥嚴(yán)重傳染性疾病者。選取同期94名健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組,其中男38名,女56名,年齡(41.39±9.37)歲。兩組納入者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)紹興市第七人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批通過(倫理審批號(hào):2023-009-01)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 外周血中miR-15b和miR-503水平檢測(cè)納入者入院當(dāng)日清晨空腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下抽取外周靜脈血3 ml置于含乙二胺四乙酸抗凝劑的試管中,離心后將上清液保存于–80℃環(huán)境中。采用TRIzol試劑提取血清總RNA;采用Taqman miRNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒[賽默飛世爾科技(中國(guó))有限公司,貨號(hào):4366597]將總RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,以cDNA為模板使用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(上海伯杰醫(yī)療科技股份有限公司,型號(hào):MA6000)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)。采用2-??CT法計(jì)算,以U6為內(nèi)參,計(jì)算miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平,每個(gè)樣本重復(fù)3次。miR-15b、miR-503及內(nèi)參的引物序列見表1。
1.2.2認(rèn)知功能評(píng)估 ①蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評(píng)估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)包括語言(3分)、命名(3分)、定向(3分)、注意(6分)、執(zhí)行功能(5分)、抽象(2分)、記憶(3分)、延遲回憶(5分)8個(gè)維度,總分30分,≥26分為認(rèn)知功能正常。教育年限≤12年(高中)者總分加1分進(jìn)行校正。②簡(jiǎn)易精神狀態(tài)檢查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)[12]包括時(shí)間定向力(5分)、即刻回憶(3分)、地點(diǎn)定向力(5分)、閱讀(1分)、寫作(1分)、畫畫(1分)、注意力與計(jì)算能力(5分)、回憶剛才3個(gè)詞(3分)、命名(2分)、語言重復(fù)(1分)、理解力(3分)11個(gè)項(xiàng)目,總分30分,分?jǐn)?shù)越低表示認(rèn)知功能越差。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 24.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(百分率)[(%)]表示,比較采用2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,比較采用檢驗(yàn)。Pearson法分析miR-15b、miR-503表達(dá)水平與MoCA評(píng)分的相關(guān)性;受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operatingcharacteristiccurve,ROC曲線)分析miR-15b、miR-503對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值。<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1納入者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平比較
研究組患者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平均低于對(duì)照組(<0.05),見表2。
2.2 認(rèn)知功能正常組和認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者的基本資料比較
將研究組患者根據(jù)MoCA評(píng)分分為認(rèn)知功能正常組和認(rèn)知功能障礙組,兩組患者的性別、年齡、病程、文化程度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05),見表3。
2.3 認(rèn)知功能正常組和認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平及MoCA、MMSE評(píng)分比較
認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平及MoCA、MMSE評(píng)分均低于認(rèn)知功能正常組(<0.05),見表4。
2.4 抑郁癥患者外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平與MoCA評(píng)分相關(guān)性分析
Pearson分析結(jié)果顯示,抑郁癥患者外周血中的miR-15b、miR-503水平與MoCA評(píng)分均呈正相關(guān)(=0.635、0.668,<0.05),見圖1、圖2。
2.5 miR-15b和miR-503水平對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值
miR-15b和miR-503單獨(dú)診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)分別為0.836和0.892,敏感度分別為77.14%、80.00%;miR-15b和miR-503聯(lián)合診斷的敏感度為91.43%,特異性為86.76%,AUC為0.933,顯著高于miR-15b(=2.665,=0.008)和miR-503(=2.002,=0.041)單獨(dú)診斷的AUC,見表5。
3 討論
抑郁癥發(fā)病群體較為廣泛,從青少年到中老年人均可發(fā)病。目前,對(duì)抑郁癥的治療主要是藥物治療輔以心理治療[13-14];雖然抑郁癥的治愈率較高,但人們對(duì)抑郁癥認(rèn)知不足,接受治療率較低,復(fù)發(fā)率也較高,導(dǎo)致部分抑郁癥患者發(fā)展到極其嚴(yán)重的程度,認(rèn)知功能發(fā)生障礙[15-16]。因此,尋找與抑郁癥相關(guān)的基因?qū)皶r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和治療抑郁癥意義重大,對(duì)評(píng)估抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能也有一定幫助。
人miR-15b和miR-503基因分別位于染色體3q25.33和Xq26.3,兩者通過與其靶基因3'端非編碼區(qū)結(jié)合調(diào)控靶基因的表達(dá)影響疾病的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展。既往對(duì)miR-15b和miR-503的報(bào)道主要集中于癌癥,在神經(jīng)類疾病中的研究較少。谷愛玲等[17]研究表明唾液中miR-15b水平與口腔鱗癌預(yù)后密切相關(guān);Pan等[18]研究顯示低水平miR-503促進(jìn)宮頸癌的進(jìn)展。隨著認(rèn)識(shí)的不斷深入,miR-15b和miR-503的疾病研究范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,二者是許多疾病的分子標(biāo)志物。陳明浩等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-15b在老年骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體骨折患者中低表達(dá),且具有一定診斷價(jià)值;秦洋等[20]研究表明miR-503可作為糖尿病腎病患者預(yù)后的潛在評(píng)估指標(biāo)。本研究分析miR-15b和miR-503在抑郁癥患者和健康人群中的表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果顯示抑郁癥患者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503水平較健康者明顯下降,提示miR-15b和miR-503可能參與抑郁癥的發(fā)生過程。同源性磷酸酶-張力蛋白(phosphatase-tensin homolog,PTEN)基因在抑郁癥中發(fā)揮重要作用。PTEN是miR-15b的靶基因之一,結(jié)合已有研究推測(cè),miR-15b通過調(diào)控PTEN等其他靶基因調(diào)控神經(jīng)元死亡,從而參與抑郁癥的發(fā)生[21];認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503水平低于認(rèn)知功能正常組,提示miR-15b和miR-503可能影響抑郁癥患者的認(rèn)知功能,低水平miR-15b和miR-503不利于抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能的維持,認(rèn)知障礙風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。采用Pearson法分析外周血中miR-15b、miR-503水平與MoCA評(píng)分的相關(guān)性發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平越高M(jìn)oCA評(píng)分越高,再次證實(shí)miR-15b和miR-503與抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能有相關(guān)性。PTEN對(duì)神經(jīng)元突觸結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性也發(fā)揮作用,已有研究表明miR-15b通過調(diào)控PTEN介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)元突觸結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,miR-503可通過調(diào)控核因子-κB/腦源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子通路影響神經(jīng)元凋亡和神經(jīng)炎癥,進(jìn)而影響抑郁癥的發(fā)生及認(rèn)知功能[22]。抑郁癥患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的因素較多,機(jī)制較復(fù)雜,可能與機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)和免疫紊亂有關(guān),有待后續(xù)深入研究[23]。
本研究采用ROC曲線分析miR-15b和miR-503對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值,miR-15b單獨(dú)診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的AUC為0.836,敏感度、特異性分別為77.14%、89.71%,最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.52,提示miR-15b<0.52時(shí),抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的可能性較大;miR-503單獨(dú)診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的AUC為0.892,敏感度、特異性分別為80.00%、88.24%,最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.34,提示miR-503<0.34時(shí),抑郁癥患者可能發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙。黃瑛等[24]分析發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-15a單獨(dú)診斷女性精神分裂癥患者的AUC為0.881,且與其認(rèn)知功能密切相關(guān)。本研究中miR-15b和miR-503聯(lián)合診斷抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的敏感度、特異性分別為91.43%、86.76%,AUC為0.933;二者聯(lián)合診斷的AUC大于其單獨(dú)診斷,提示聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)評(píng)估抑郁癥患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值更高。
綜上,抑郁癥患者外周血中miR-15b和miR-503表達(dá)水平降低,二者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)抑郁癥患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價(jià)值較高。本研究具有一定局限性,如樣本量較小可能影響診斷價(jià)值的敏感度,且miR-15b和miR-503在抑郁癥中的具體作用機(jī)制尚不明確,后續(xù)仍需進(jìn)一步研究。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
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(收稿日期:2024–07–11)
(修回日期:2024–09–19)