Unit 5 Into the unknown

Section Ⅰ Starting out amp; Understanding ideas

單詞拼寫 根據首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空。

1.Landing on Mars may inspire more people to learn about science and a .

2.My brother b himself in his studies when in high school and as a result he entered his ideal university.

3.A c is a human society with its own social organisation and culture.

4.Those suggestions shouldn’t be d without thinking about them.

5.The two （運河） have proved useful to the county in many ways.

6.One dead man was found in the （廢墟） almost two hours after the explosion.

7. （離棄） a child under two years old is a crime.

8.The remarkable （擴大） of public high schools from 1900 to 1920 was very important.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空。

all the more at one’s peak correspond to fall into ruin on top of

1.A large number of churches after the earthquake.

2.The wing of a bird the arm of a man.

3.Jenny likes the book for its beautiful illustrations.

4.As we know， the Tang Dynasty was in the early 8th century.

5. it being dark， it rained， which made the going even more difficult.

課文語法填空

Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age， 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible 1 （discover） from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this， he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city 2 （bury） deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars， it shows 3 powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America， Maya civilisation 4 （surround） by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 5 （impress） palaces and temples， 6 （include） their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built

7 the use of wheels， metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar， which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was 8 achievement unique in the Americas at that time： a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters， with some signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing 9 （syllable）. It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one has been able 10 （interpret） it completely.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

閱讀理解

A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea， which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.

An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria （細菌） live where the two layers meet.

Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole， there is a layer of toxic gas， which causes itching， dizziness， and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally， divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline， they may get lost.

If blue holes are so dangerous， why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them？ The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology， archaeology， and biology. For example， some blue hole creatures， such as the remipede， probably haven’t changed for millions of years.

The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example， divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon， Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth，” he says， “can help increase our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about？

A. The structure of a blue hole. B. The location of a blue hole.

C. The formation of a blue hole. D. The definition of a blue hole.

2. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found in a blue hole？

A. In the saltwater layer.

B. In the freshwater layer.

C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers.

D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.

3. What are blue holes like according to the text？

A. Oxygen-free and lifeless. B. Poisonous and dark.

C. Death zones and mazelike. D. Free of air and light.

4. Why do explorers and scientists like to explore blue holes？

A. To find more unusual life on Earth. B. To get scientific information.

C. To know what life was like in old times. D. To study oxygen-free environments.

閱讀七選五

We live surrounded by advanced technology. 1 We can get the information we want immediately over the Internet. With various technologies surrounding us， it’s easy to wonder how ancient people got anything done.

Actually， all of our modern things are based on older technologies. Ancient people didn’t necessarily have steel or wheels or， electronic communication. Yet， they built monuments （紀念碑） even bigger than Stonehenge. 2 And ancient Egyptians built the pyramids—with huge mystery rooms inside.

3 The first “kitchen” flames were still older. Ancient human relatives cooked food over fires in Europe 800，000 years ago. The first spear-throwers （投矛器） threw their weapons 279，000 years ago—before modern humans existed.

At first， scientists long believed that the ancients who lived 80，000 years ago were the first to throw spears with stone tips. Then came the discovery of 279，000-year-old stone spear tips in Ethiopia. These pushed the date back. 4

Scientists have been trying to figure out how ancient people developed their tools and built their cities and monuments. 5 They are also recreating ancient techniques themselves—from rolling pyramid rocks to testing out ancient tar （瀝青） recipes. They detect mystery holes in Great Pyramid of Giza： Using high-tech tools normally reserved for particle-physics research， scientists have found a large hidden hole inside Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza. They have made some great discoveries， but they know there are still a lot of things waiting to be discovered.

A. Ancient people were really clever.

B. Not all of these technologies do good to people.

C. They also raised huge stone heads on Easter Island.

D. For example， there are very tall buildings and spaceships.

E. They use modern technologies to explore the ancient places.

F. Not all of advanced technologies were limited to modern people.

G. And it has been suggested that even prehuman species hunted with spears.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

1.Without any map， their ship eventually hit a（n） （chart） rock.

2. make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.

3.The police have completed their （investigate） into the accident.

4.The main question is we ought to call in a family doctor or not.

5.Jason （shrink） back against the wall as he heard the enemies approaching.

6.Bob forced himself （subdue） and overcome his fears.

7.Adam always works hard in spite of the fact he is not in good health.

8.Bored with the conversation， Lisa （retreat） to her bedroom last night.

同義句轉換 結合名詞性從句的用法轉換下列句子。

1.Most Chinese people are concerned about air pollution nowadays.

most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays.

2.The reason why she won the Nobel Prize is that she discovered a new treatment for that disease.

She discovered a new treatment for that disease. That is .

3.How does the English language work？ All these listening lessons can allow you to learn it.

All these listening lessons can allow you to learn .

4.Do you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag？ That is the main question.

you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.

5.Who was involved in the conversation？ Alice declined to announce it.

Alice declined to announce .

補全句子 根據漢語句意，用名詞性從句補全句子。

1. 小偷們匆匆逃走，確實讓房子的主人非常無助。

really made the owner of the house helpless.

2. Tim不明白為什么公司在雇用他之前要調查他。

Tim didn’t understand before they employed him.

3. 這就是昨天Bob能成功避開麻煩的原因。

That was successfully yesterday.

4. 我們確實相信開工之前試水是有必要的。

We do believe before starting the work.

5. 地理老師問學生們是否對未知的事物感興趣。

The geography teacher asked the students .

完形填空

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two different systems on the whole.

The origin of the eastern culture is 1 from two countries： China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated （孕育） by 2 . In China， the mother river is the Yellow River， while the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures have 3 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China， the Chinese culture 4 went overseas to Japan， mixed into the Japanese society and 5 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one， it 6 to the same cultural system.

When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture， another famous culture was 7 on the Mesopotamian Plain： the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 8 of the European culture. Like the Chinese 9 ， the European one is also related to waters. When the colonists （殖民者） of England 10 in America， their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t 11 from the European one a lot.

At the same time， the 12 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East， most languages belong to the pictographic （象形文字的） languages while the Western languages are 13 based on the Latin system.

Other 14 like human race difference count as well. However， due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West， the two cultures seldom 15 until recent centuries. Therefore， they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.

1. A. mainly B. merely C. truly D. finally

2. A. mountains B. plains C. lakes D. rivers

3. A. developed B. improved C. originated D. protected

4. A. suddenly B. quietly C. gradually D. naturally

5. A. defended B. interrupted C. ended D. shaped

6. A. comes B. belongs C. brings D. adds

7. A. brought up B. carried out C. given out D. picked up

8. A. result B. sign C. base D. content

9. A. saying B. climate C. language D. culture

10. A. joined up B. settled down C. broke down D. went up

11. A. date B. suffer C. result D. differ

12. A. distinction B. contact C. appearance D. collection

13. A. properly B. hardly C. simply D. mostly

14. A. benefits B. factors C. thoughts D. meanings

15. A. transform B. display C. communicate D. expand

語法填空

Passage 1

The Yangshao culture was a Neolithic civilisation 1 existed extensively along the valleys of the Wei River and the middle Yellow River in northern China. The Yangshao culture dates from around 5000 BC to 3000 BC and was one of the 2 （early） settled cultures in China. It was named after Yangshao， the first 3 （represent） village of this culture， which was discovered in 1921 in Henan Province. The culture flourished 4 （main） in the provinces of Henan， Shaanxi， and Shanxi. Over a thousand Yangshao culture sites have been found 5 （include） the Banpo Site in Xi’an， and Jiangzhai at Lintong County， Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi 6 （regard） as the centre of this culture because it possesses the most Yangshao sites.

It is reported that the Yangshao culture exhibits 7 first evidence of settled agriculture in China， producing millet， wheat， rice， kaoliang， and possibly soybeans. They 8 （keep） domestic animals such as pigs and dogs， chickens， sheep， goats， and cattle， hunted， fished with nets， and gathered fruits and nuts. Yangshao is well-known for its red， painted pottery， 9 （decorate） in white and black with human faces， animals， and geometric （幾何的） designs. The most vivid patterns were human faces， fish designs， deer designs， bird designs， etc. 10 addition， the accessories （配件）， such as sheep head buttons， bird handles and others made the wares more lifelike.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Passage 2

It is reported that the “Monster of Lake Tianchi” is back after several recent 1 （sighting）. The director of a local tourist office said the monster seemed to be black in colour， and jumped out of the water like a seal. Though no one 2 （real） got a clear look at the 3 （mystery） creature， a local photographer claimed that its head looked like a horse. A group of soldiers claimed they saw an animal， 4 was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns， swimming for about two minutes. Li Xiaohe claimed to have caught sight of a round black creature 5 （move） quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. There 6 （be） reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century. Many people think the monster may be 7 distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists， 8 ， are sceptical （懷疑的）. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures. Lake Tianchi is the 9 （high） lake in the world and 10 （cover） an area of about ten square kilometres.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.Having finished the spending habits of teenagers， the professor presented the results of the to the university. （investigate）

2.The ancient of Central and Latin America were founded upon corn and people there made an effort to create a society. （civilise）

3.Student numbers rapidly now， so the university is busy dealing with the unexpected of student population. （expand）

4.Although there are plans for more oil， the working standard of the is still under discussion. （drill）

5.The baby by its mother， who didn’t understand how bad the was. （abandon）

6.Bill wanted to be an because he started to be interested in observations when he was very young. （astronomy）

單句表達 根據括號內提示翻譯句子。

1. 對于船員來說，這是個揚帆出海的好時機。（set sail）

2. 我一直在考慮怎樣才能讓我們的雜志更有趣。（how引導名詞性從句作方式狀語）

3. 這個設計簡陋的網站提供了進入寶貴數據庫的窗口。（offer a window into）

4. 你必須要做的是馬上休息。（what引導主語從句）

5. 你點頭就等于說“贊同”。（be equivalent to）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

upwards substance hold the record beyond the reach of

continue to donbsp; either… or… It’s argued that… It’s more likely that…

閱讀理解

A

The ocean is one of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet. The ocean has witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries， most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science. Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.

USS Scorpion

In May 1968， USS Scorpion， an American submarine， departed from Norfolk， Virginia， on its way towards the Mediterranean. The crew had almost a decade of experience， and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor. There were 99 men aboard the sub， all of whom lost their lives.

Baltic Sea Sub

In the later half of 2014， a mysterious vessel was spotted by Swedish citizens， many of whom described it as a Russian submarine， in the Baltic Sea. The military spent much time in investigating， but found no sign of the mysterious sub.

Bermeja Island

During the 1970s， the Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and its economic zone. Around 20 years later， the island disappeared without any sign. Along with the island， numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.

Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck

In 2001， ExxonMobil was laying the pipeline （輸油管道） in the Gulf of Mexico when people ran into a shipwreck around 2，600 feet under the surface. Upon exploring the shipwreck， archaeologists

（考古學家） believed it to be a terrible spell （咒語）， as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald

Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean， including terrific storms. In November 1975， one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald， which was headed for Detroit. The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost. A week later， a sonar ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water. Nobody was found， though.

1. What is the fact about the sub of USS Scorpion？

A. It lost its way right after departure. B. It disappeared in the Mediterranean.

C. 99 men died before boarding it. D. It had experienced crew.

2. What do people think Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common？

A. Both the names of the vessels are unknown. B. Both are highly put on a bad spell.

C. Both are said to be Russian vessels. D. Both are found on the beach.

3. Which mystery is a different kind from the others？

A. Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck. B. SS Edmund Fitzgerald.

C. Bermeja Island. D. USS Scorpion.

B

The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging （刺人的） tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people call it the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by indigenous Australians. It’s covered with sharp， needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree， you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours， days or weeks. In some cases， it’s been reported to stay for months.

Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees， the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed were responsible for the pain.

The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals， which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough， when the scientists injected （注射） mice with gympietides， the mice licked （舔） at the places where they’d been injected， indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built， they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemical very stable， which helps explain how the pain lasts so long.

The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all use similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree. Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it， it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons （small relatives of the kangaroo） are able to eat the plant without trouble.

4. Why is it unforgettable to touch the stinging tree？

A. It has an unusual smell. B. Its colour will be greatly changed.

C. The suffering caused by it remains long. D. Touching it creates a strange feeling.

5. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree？

A. How it causes great pain. B. What poisons it produces.

C. What’s the consequence of touching it. D. How it benefits from the sting.

6. What can we infer from the last paragraph about the stinging tree？

A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.

B. Poisonous as it is， it also has natural enemies.

C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.

D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.

7. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Stinging Trees’ Secrets Exposed B. Warning： Trees That Can Poison You

C. Strange Tree Species Found in Australia D. Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Trees

完形填空

In September 1991， two German tourists were hiking in the ?tzal Alps near the Italian-Austrian border. When 1 a path， they noticed something sticking out of the 2 . Upon further examination， they discovered that it was part of a 3 . They took a picture and then 4 their discovery to the authorities.

Removing a frozen body from the ice at over 3，200 meters above sea level is never 5 . Bad weather and a 6 of proper excavation （挖掘） equipment made the job even more difficult. After four days of trying， the man’s body was finally 7 and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck.

Otzi， as the archaeologists called him， 8 between 3350 BCE and 3100 BCE. He was about forty-six years old. That was 9 in the Stone Age because people didn’t live very 10 then. He was about 1.6 meters tall， and had blue eyes and long， dark brown hair.

Otzi 11 our ideas about the Stone Age. Before Otzi， archaeologists thought that copper （銅） didn’t arrive in Europe until 2000 BCE. However， Otzi was 12 a copper axe 1，300 years earlier. He was also carrying a bow and arrows， a knife and some wooden tools. He was 13 warm clothes， with a waterproof cloak （斗篷） and leather boots. These 14 show that people at that time possessed technology that was more 15 than previously thought.

1. A. pointing to B. walking along C. breaking into D. talking about

2. A. water B. corner C. hole D. ice

3. A. tree B. rock C. body D. book

4. A. sold B. transported C. explained D. reported

5. A. acceptable B. boring C. cheap D. easy

6. A. combination B. waste C. shortage D. piece

7. A. found B. recognized C. rescued D. removed

8. A. lived B. fought C. explored D. hunted

9. A. weak B. normal C. old D. strange

10. A. healthily B. long C. well D. far

11. A. presented B. knew C. changed D. supported

12. A. carrying B. using C. showing D. packing

13. A. holding B. wearing C. collecting D. making

14. A. animals B. pictures C. tools D. things

15. A. advanced B. beneficial C. interesting D. modern

Writing

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題：介紹一種未知現象。要求通過學習課文能口頭或書面介紹一種自然界的神秘或未知現象。寫作時，可重點突出這種現象如何被發現以及科學家對此的解釋和所呈現的證據，同時輔以作者個人對神秘現象的認識等。

建議體裁：說明文

注意事項：用說明文介紹一種現象時，要考慮說明文寫作的三要素：被說明對象的特征、說明的順序以及說明的方法。

話題 一種神秘或未知現象 人稱 第三人稱為主

體裁 說明文 常用時態 一般現在時、一般過去時和現在完成時

題例導學

題目

下表是關于自然界之謎“百慕大三角區（Bermuda Triangle）”的一些信息。請根據表中信息，寫一篇介紹“百慕大三角區”的英語短文。

地理位置 發生的怪事 人們的猜測

位于北大西洋西部。 自1945年以來，數以百計的飛機和船只，以及一千多人在這里神秘失蹤，沒留下任何痕跡。 外星人在作怪；

當地特殊的天氣條件；

沒人給出讓人信服的理由。

注意：

1．詞數80左右；

2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：殘骸 wreckage

思路引導1·要點分析

1．基本信息：名稱及地理位置；

2．涉及怪事：數以百計的飛機和船只以及一千多人在此神秘失蹤等；

3．相關猜想：外星人、天氣條件等。

思路引導2·本單元語言知識運用

根據漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1.這片區域位于北大西洋西部，這里有一些怪事發生。（where引導的非限制性定語從句）

2.自1945年以來，數以百計的船只和飛機以及一千多人在這里失蹤。（hundreds of， vessel）

3. 人們給出許多理由來解釋這些令人不安的事件。（why引導的名詞性從句）

4. 其他人則認為，這可能是那里的特殊天氣造成的。（被動語態）

5. 也許在未來，隨著科學技術的發展，我們可以找到答案。（with the development of）

思路引導3·連句成篇

范例展示

There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world， of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. This is an area of the western north Atlantic， where some strange things happened. Since 1945， hundreds of vessels and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared， leaving no wreckage.

Many reasons why the disturbing incidents occurred in the area of Bermuda Triangle have been given. Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away. Others believe they might be caused by special weather there. But no one can give a believable reason. Maybe in the future we can find the answer with the development of science and technology.

話題表達

假定你是李華，你的美國網友Tom給你發來郵件，想了解樓蘭古城的相關情況。請根據提示，用英語給他回一封電子郵件。要點包括：

1. 位于羅布泊（Lop Nor）西部，曾是古絲綢之路上的一個小國；

2. 在古代絲綢之路上占有極為重要的地位；

3. 公元630年神秘消失，現今只留下一片廢墟。

注意：

1. 詞數80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. to" 相當于，與……相符

2. … to" 把……應用到……上

3. 除……之外

4. 更加

5. at one’s 在……的頂峰時期

6. ruin （因無人照料而）衰落，敗落

7. make a 逃跑，逃走

8. 逃命

9. 調查，檢查

10. 試水，試探

11. of" 避開……；從……脫身

12. 不為人知的地方，人類尚未到達的地方

13. 動身踏上（漫長的）旅途

14. throw 積極投入到……中去

15. think 再三考慮，慎重考慮

16. 避免做，不愿做

17. look 調查（問題）

18. 起航

19. to do" 繼續做

20. 提供一個窗口

21. be to" 等同于

22. a record" 保持紀錄

23. of" 超出……的能力

24. " 最后的邊界

句型

1. that引導的同位語從句

The fact （瑪雅社會的技術水平是原始的） makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.

2. when引導的定語從句

Often， making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response， dating back to a time （我們的祖先為躲避危險而逃命的時代）， such as wild animals， lighting and fire.

3. when引導的時間狀語從句

In more recent times， Norwegian explorer， Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth （當他在出發前往未知的領域到達南極時）…

4. There is no need to do sth.

While （我們沒有必要對新情況畏首畏尾）， we should always look into things first and consider our options.

5. It is + 名詞 + that…

Given our limited knowledge， （這也許不足為奇） exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.

請根據提示，運用本單元核心知識，以“大自然的未解之謎”為話題，介紹一種你所了解的神秘或未知現象。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. One of the most unexplained phenomena I am really curious about is…

2. It is/was… that…

3. The mystery offers a window into…