




摘要:目的 探究血清辣椒素受體1(TRPV1)、基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑4(TIMP4)、轉化生長因子β1(TGF-β1)水平對良性陣發性位置性眩暈(BPPV)患者疾病復發的預測價值。方法 選取BPPV患者326例為BPPV組,同期健康體檢者357例為對照組;根據BPPV患者復位治療1年后的復發情況分為未復發組(264例)和復發組(62例)。采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗檢測患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平。多因素Logistic回歸分析BPPV患者復發的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評估TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對BPPV患者復發的預測價值。結果 BPPV組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于對照組,TGF-β1水平高于對照組(P<0.05);復發組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于未復發組,TGF-β1水平高于未復發組(P<0.05)。血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復發的危險因素(P<0.05)。TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1及三者聯合預測BPPV患者復發的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.795(95%CI:0.748~0.838)、0.803(95%CI:0.756~0.845)、0.810(95%CI:0.764~0.851)和0.945(95%CI:0.914~0.967),三者聯合檢測對BPPV患者復發的預測價值優于單獨預測。結論 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平是BPPV患者復發的獨立影響因素,三者聯合對BPPV患者復發的預測價值更高。
關鍵詞:眩暈;TRPV陽離子通道;基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑;轉化生長因子β1;復發
中圖分類號:R764.3 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20241988
The evaluation value of serum TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels in predicting recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
HU Lao, ZHANG Cheng, HU Zhijun△
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail: huzhijunls@163.com
Abstract: Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) for disease recurrence in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 326 BPPV patients were selected and used as the BPPV group, and 357 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected and used as the control group. According to the recurrence status of BPPV patients after 1 year of reduction treatment, patients were divided into the non recurrence group (264 cases) and the recurrence group (62 cases). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 in patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze influencing factors of recurrence in BPPV patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TRPV1, TIMP4, and TGF-1 levels for recurrence in BPPV patients. Results TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower in the BPPV group than those in the control group, while TGF-β1 was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The TGF-β1 score in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non recurrence group, while TRPV1 and TIMP4 were lower than those in the non recurrence group (P<0.05). Serum TRPV1 and TIMP4 levels were lower in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group, and TGF-1 levels were higher in the recurrence group than those of the non recurrence group (P<0.05). The decreased serum levels of TRPV1 and TIMP4 were risk factors for recurrence in BPPV patients (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of TRPV1, TIMP4, TGF-β1 and their combined prediction of recurrence in BPPV patients were 0.795 (95%CI: 0.748-0.838), 0.803 (95%CI: 0.756-0.845), 0.810 (95%CI: 0.764-0.851) and 0.945 (95%CI: 0.914-0.967), respectively. The combined detection value of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels were better than that of single detection in predicting the recurrence in BPPV patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 are independent factors affecting the recurrence of BPPV patients, and the combination of the three has a higher predictive value for the recurrence of BPPV patients.
Key words: vertigo; TRPV cation channels; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; transforming growth factor beta1; recurrence
良性陣發性位置性眩暈(BPPV)指在重力方向上,頭部位置改變引起的眩暈發作[1]。大多數BPPV患者通過適當的耳石手法復位可獲得較好的療效,但該病易復發,嚴重影響患者身體健康[2]。BPPV的病因尚未明確,炎癥及氧化應激和代謝性疾病可能與其發病機制密切相關[3]。辣椒素受體1(TRPV1)是一種Ca2+可滲透的、非選擇性陽離子通道,主要表達于感覺神經纖維(無髓鞘C神經纖維和小直徑有髓A神經纖維)中[4]。TRPV1與自身免疫性疾病密切相關,可作為抗炎和鎮痛治療的潛在靶點[5]。基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑4(TIMP4)與神經病變相關,其水平變化與海馬體體積和內皮層厚度變化相關,影響大腦發育[6]。轉化生長因子β1(TGF-β1)是一種多功能細胞因子,在人體免疫應答中起著重要作用,且在突觸形成、可塑性、神經血管以及中樞神經系統調節中發揮關鍵作用[7]。目前有關TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1在BPPV中的研究報道尚少見。本研究旨在探討TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1與BPPV患者疾病嚴重程度及復發的關系。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象 選擇2018年1月—2023年3月在本院診治的BPPV患者326例作為BPPV組,其中男162例,女164例,年齡44~65歲,平均(54.56±10.87)歲。另擇同期本院健康體檢者357例為對照組,其中男184例,女173例,年齡44~67歲,平均(55.21±11.58)歲。納入標準:(1)符合BPPV相關診斷標準[8];(2)近期未服用激素類藥物。排除標準:(1)腦卒中等其他疾病引起的眩暈;(2)重要臟器功能不全者;(3)惡性腫瘤;(4)有重大手術史。本研究經醫院倫理委員會批準(批準號:KYLL201712037),并獲受試者或家屬知情同意。
1.2 研究方法 取受試者空腹肘靜脈血5 mL,4 ℃、" " " " " " " " 3 500 r/min離心10 min后,采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗檢測患者血清TRPV1(購自MYBioSource)、TIMP4(購自Abcam)、TGF-β1(購自威奧生物)水平,嚴格按照試劑盒說明書進行操作。全自動生化分析儀(購自博科生物,BK-600)檢測白蛋白(Alb)、肌酐(Cre)、血尿素氮(BUN)、總膽固醇(TC)水平。
1.3 隨訪觀察 BPPV患者復位治療成功后,進行為期1年的隨訪觀察,每月進行1次電話或門診隨訪,若患者出現短暫性眩暈或眼球震顫,并經位置實驗證實(患者仰臥,檢查者站在患者的側方,讓患者將前額部向前、后、左、右傾斜45°,再向健側翻滾,患者出現頭暈或者眩暈的感覺)則為復發。本研究患者中復發組62例,未復發組264例。
1.4 統計學方法 采用SPSS 25.0軟件對數據進行分析。計量資料以[x]±s表示,2組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗。計數資料以例或例(%)表示,2組間比較采用χ2檢驗;多因素Logistic回歸分析BPPV患者復發的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評估TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對BPPV患者復發的預測價值,曲線下面積(AUC)比較采用Delong檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 BPPV組與對照組臨床資料比較 2組的性別、年齡、體質量指數(BMI)、吸煙史、飲酒史比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。BPPV組血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于對照組,TGF-β1水平高于對照組(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 復發組與未復發組臨床資料比較 2組性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙史、飲酒史以及聽力、前庭功能、耳鳴、一次復位成功、出現殘余癥狀、過度疲勞比例差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.3 復發組與未復發組TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1水平比較 復發組患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平低于未復發組,TGF-β1水平高于未復發組(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 BPPV患者復發的影響因素分析 以BPPV患者復發情況為因變量(0=未復發,1=復發),以血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平為自變量,行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結果顯示,血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復發的危險因素(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 血清TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1水平對BPPV患者復發的預測價值 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1聯合預測BPPV患者復發的AUC高于單獨預測(Z分別為6.531、4.950、5.294,P<0.001);三者聯合對BPPV患者復發的預測價值優于單獨預測,見圖1、表5。
3 討論
BPPV由內耳半規管中的游離晶體(耳石)引起,是繼發于頭部和身體運動的短暫眩暈癥狀的最常見原因,躺平或改變姿勢是BPPV一個強有力的誘發因素[9-10]。BPPV的癥狀通常持續數秒至數分鐘,并伴有頭部運動、頸部運動或軀體位置變化,可能發生神經系統紊亂[11]。BPPV的特點是反復性眩暈和眼球震顫陽性,并有較高的跌倒、骨折、高血壓和癡呆風險,另外,BPPV在眩暈時會引起身體和心理上的痛苦,嚴重降低了患者的生活質量[12]。有文獻報道,許多患者反復經歷BPPV發作,增加了其他疾病(骨質疏松、內耳疾病等)的發生風險,并可造成嚴重的睡眠障礙[13]。因此,尋求與BPPV復發關系密切的生物標志物,對BPPV患者及時治療、避免反復發作、降低并發癥風險及提高生活質量具有重要意義。
TRPV1在大腦、皮膚、內臟、肌肉、腸道和胰腺中均有廣泛的表達,TRPV1形成一個同型四聚體通道結構,可通過各種物理和化學刺激激活。近年有研究表明,TRPV1可調節神經炎癥,與神經退行性疾病密切相關[14];還可調節自噬,防止泡沫細胞的形成,減少動脈粥樣硬化中炎性因子的釋放[15]。本研究結果顯示,BPPV患者血清TRPV1水平低于對照組,復發組血清TRPV1水平低于未復發組,且血清TRPV1水平降低是BPPV患者復發的危險因素,提示TRPV1水平降低可增加患者BPPV復發的風險。TRPV1通道是一種影響線粒體功能的有害信號傳感器,其可影響患者的睡眠和情緒[16]。推測TRPV1水平降低可導致線粒體功能障礙,使患者頭暈、不良情緒加重,睡眠變差,BPPV反復發作。
基質金屬蛋白酶(MMP)是一類膜結合的鋅依賴性內皮酶類,能夠降解細胞外基質和基底膜成分,可導致組織破壞、疾病擴散及致死,是疾病嚴重程度的重要標志物,而基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑能夠有效降低MMP水平,抑制疾病進展[17]。有研究表明,基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑2在BPPV發生發展過程中具有重要作用,且對疾病診斷具有一定的參考價值[18]。本研究結果顯示,BPPV組血清TIMP4水平低于對照組,復發組血清TIMP4水平低于未復發組,且血清TIMP4水平降低是BPPV患者復發的危險因素,提示TIMP4可能通過抑制MMP水平來減少組織損傷并遏制疾病擴散。因此,TIMP4水平降低可能導致MMP對細胞和組織的損害增加,進而增加BPPV復發的風險。
TGF-β1是一種多功能的生長因子,在調節發育、組織修復以及疾病進程等過程中發揮重要作用。在大腦中,TGF-β1被廣泛認為是一種與傷害有關的細胞因子,特別是與星形細胞瘢痕形成有關的大腦損傷[19]。除此之外,TGF-β1還可能是細胞存活和分化、腦內平衡、血管生成、記憶形成和神經元可塑性的重要調節因子,對大腦的學習、記憶和認知功能有重要影響,可能是神經疾病治療的新靶點[20]。本研究結果顯示,BPPV組血清TGF-β1水平高于對照組,復發組血清TGF-β1水平高于未復發組,且血清TGF-β1水平升高是BPPV患者復發的獨立危險因素,提示TGF-β1可能通過影響腦細胞存活,破壞大腦功能,導致患者神經系統紊亂,進而促進BPPV進展。另外,本研究結果顯示,TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1聯合檢測對BPPV患者復發的預測價值優于單獨預測,提示三者可作為預測BPPV患者復發的生物標志物,對臨床具有一定的指導作用。
綜上所述,BPPV患者血清TRPV1、TIMP4水平降低,TGF-β1水平升高,三者均是BPPV復發的獨立影響因素,三者聯合對BPPV患者復發的預測價值較高。然而TRPV1、TIMP4和TGF-β1參與BPPV進展的分子機制尚不明確,需進一步探索。
參考文獻
[1] KIM H J,PARK J,KIM J S. Update on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo[J]. J Neurol,2021,268(5):1995-2000. doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10314-7.
[2] 黎慶輝,黃艷清,何蕓,等. 血清25-羥維生素D與降低良性陣發性位置性眩暈復發的相關性研究[J]. 重慶醫學,2020,49(19):3220-3224. LI Q H,HUANG Y Q,HE Y,et al. Study on the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and reducing the recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo[J]. Chongqing Medicine,2020,49(19):3220-3224. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2020.19.017.
[3] 蔣正會,任惠. 良性陣發性位置性眩暈與炎癥及氧化應激的研究進展[J]. 臨床與病理雜志,2021,41(6):1436-1441. JIANG Z H,REN H. Research progress of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,inflammation,and oxidative stress[J]. Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research,2021,41(6):1436-1441. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2021.06.032.
[4] QU Y,FU Y,LIU Y,et al. The role of TRPV1 in RA pathogenesis:worthy of attention[J]. Front Immunol,2023,14(128):12320-12334. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232013.
[5] CHEMIN K,GERSTNER C,MALMSTR?M V. Effector functions of CD4+ T cells at the site of local autoimmune inflammation-lessons from rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Front Immunol,2019,12(10):353. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00353.
[6] AKSNES M,CAPOGNA E,VIDAL-PI?EIRO D,et al. Matrix metalloproteinases are associated with brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals[J]. Neurobiol Aging,2023,13(4):11-23. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.05.012.
[7] MOREAU J M,VELEGRAKI M,BOLYARD C,et al. Transforming growth factor-β1 in regulatory T cell biology[J]. Sci Immunol,2022,7(69):eabi4613. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4613.
[8] 中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志編輯委員會,中華醫學會耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科學分會. 良性陣發性位置性眩暈診斷和治療指南(2017)[J]. 中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志,2017,52(3):173-177. Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Branch. Guideline of diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (2017)[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,2017,52(3):173-177. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2017.03.003.
[9] KIM H J,KIM J S,CHOI K D,et al. Effect of self-treatment of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo:a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Neurol,2023,80(3):244-250. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4944.
[10] RHIM G,KIM M J. Vitamin D supplementation and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo[J]. Nutrients,2024,16(5):689. doi:10.3390/nu16050689.
[11] COLE S R,HONAKER J A. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo:Effective diagnosis and treatment[J]. Cleve Clin J Med,2022,89(11):653-662. doi:10.3949/ccjm.89a.21057.
[12] NUTI D,ZEE D S,MANDALà M. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo:what we do and do not know[J]. Semin Neurol,2020,40(1):49-58. doi:10.1055/s-0039-3402733.
[13] CASANI A P,GUFONI M. Recurring benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after successful canalith repositioning manoeuvers[J]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital,2023,43(Suppl 1):S61-S66. doi:10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.
[14] WANG W,SUN T. Impact of trpv1 on pathogenesis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Molecules,2023,29(1):181-187. doi:10.3390/molecules29010181.
[15] WANG C,HUANG W,LU J,et al. TRPV1-mediated microglial autophagy attenuates alzheimer's disease-associated pathology and cognitive decline[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022,18(12):7638-7647. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.763866.
[16] JUáREZ-CONTRERAS R,MéNDEZ-RESéNDIZ K A,ROSENBAUM T,et al. TRPV1 channel:a noxious signal transducer that affects mitochondrial function[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(23):8882-8895. doi:10.3390/ijms21238882.
[17] 方杰,黃芮,鄭紅慧,等. miR-9-5p靶向TIMP2誘導多發性骨髓瘤細胞自噬和凋亡的機制[J]. 天津醫藥,2024,52(8):785-790. FANG J,HUANG R,ZHENG H H,et al. Mechanism of miR-9-5p targeting TIMP2 to induce autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells[J]. Tianjin Med J,2024,52(8):785-790. doi:10.11958/20240086.
[18]張莉,劉超,許曉輝,等. 良性陣發性位置性眩暈與骨質疏松及血清MMP-9、TNF-α、TIMP2的相關性[J]. 家庭醫藥,2020(9):371-372. ZHANG L,LIU C,XU X H,et al. The correlation between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and osteoporosis,as well as serum MMP-9,TNF-α,TIMP2[J]. Home Medicine,2020(9):371-372.
[19]PAN S,ZHOU Y,YAN L,et al. TGF-β1 is associated with deficits in cognition and cerebral cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia[J]. J Psychiatry Neurosci,2022,47(2):e86. doi:10.1503/jpn.210121.
[20]DINIZ L P,MATIAS I,SIQUEIRA M,et al. Astrocytes and the TGF-β1 pathway in the healthy and diseased brain:a double-edged sword[J]. Mol Neurobiol,2019,56(7):4653-4679. doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1396-y.
(2024-12-05收稿 2025-01-13修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
作者單位:湖南航天醫院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科(郵編410000)
作者簡介:胡烙(1980),男,主治醫師,主要從事耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科常見病、多發病研究。E-mail:huh1233@163.com
△通信作者 E-mail:huzhijunls@163.com
引用本文:胡烙,章程,胡志軍. 血清TRPV1、TIMP4、TGF-β1水平對良性陣發性位置性眩暈復發的預測價值[J]. 天津醫藥,2025,53(3):267-271. HU L, ZHANG C, HU Z J. The evaluation value of serum TRPV1, TIMP4 and TGF-β1 levels in predicting recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo[J]. Tianjin Med J,2025,53(3):267-271. doi:10.11958/20241988.