在把握主旨的基礎(chǔ)上正確運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)

復(fù)習(xí)有方

完形填空題一般都是從一個(gè)選定的語篇中抽去10個(gè)或15個(gè)單詞或短語，讓同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文語境從所給選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語。抽去的單詞通常以實(shí)詞為主、虛詞為輔，備選項(xiàng)一般屬于同一詞類或同一語義范疇。該題型主要考查同學(xué)們在具體語境中對語篇的主旨大意、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力，詞語辨析能力，對習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等的運(yùn)用能力，以及邏輯分析能力和推理判斷能力等，而不是僅僅考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

近年來，完形填空題選用的語篇題材廣泛，體裁多樣，語言地道鮮活，文章內(nèi)容新穎、有趣，可讀性強(qiáng)，富有生活氣息，具有鮮明的時(shí)代感。總的來說，語篇體裁以夾敘夾議的文章為主，同時(shí)兼顧記敘文、說明文、議論文等。

1.快速瀏覽，把握主旨

同學(xué)們要快速瀏覽語篇，充分利用首句、首段判斷文體，依據(jù)語篇主題激活相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，對文章進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，如大家可以根據(jù)語篇中的前兩句“Naturalresources are things that we use that come from Earth.Our natural resources are limited（有限的）.”以及最后一句“Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources.”推斷這個(gè)語篇的主題是自然資源，作者想通過這篇文章告訴讀者保護(hù)自然資源的重要性，以及如何保護(hù)自然資源。

2.瞻前顧后，先易后難，邊讀邊選

同學(xué)們要順著文章的寫作線索閱讀，先易后難，邊讀邊選。遇到?jīng)]有把握的空格時(shí)，我們可以暫時(shí)跳過，等到大部分空格選出答案后，借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的信息，進(jìn)一步加深對文章的理解，再回過頭來推敲未選答案的空格。

3.再次通讀，理順全文，確定答案

選定全部答案后，同學(xué)們最后還要把所有答案代人空格，重新把短文通讀一遍，進(jìn)行核查，看看所選的答案是否能使上下文（句與句之間、段與段之間的銜接）連貫，是否合乎邏輯，同時(shí)還要從語法、詞匯、習(xí)慣用法、生活常識(shí)甚至語感等方面再次進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證、推敲，最終確定答案。

同學(xué)們在答題的過程中，要有語篇意識(shí)，把握主旨，弄清文脈，避免“只見樹木，不見森林”;閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)注意理清作者寫作思路，以此為立足點(diǎn)理清句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)對設(shè)空的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行聯(lián)想、推理和歸納并做出判斷。

1.依據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系

邏輯關(guān)系常常藏于句子中、句子之間以及段落的銜接處。在解答完形填空題的過程中，我們可以通過確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推測出來，從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項(xiàng)。

2.利用語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)信息

語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞或反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。上下文語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息有助于我們尋找解題信息，確定正確答案，如：

The group urges kids and grown -- ups，including parents and teachers，to do what they can to make a where they live.

When interviewed about her project，Amelia said，“I joined Roots amp; Shoots because I wanted to makea difference in theworld.\"（南京市，2015年）

A. living B.mistake C. note D.difference

本句空格處答案為“difference”，因?yàn)榫渲嘘P(guān)鍵短語\"makeadifference\"在下文中再次出現(xiàn)，此外“where they live”與后面的\"intheworld\"意思也接近。

3.依據(jù)習(xí)慣用法

英語中的習(xí)慣用法是指英語在長期使用中形成的一些固定搭配或句式。掌握好這些習(xí)慣用法，并能夠在特定語境中靈活運(yùn)用，對于解答完形填空題至關(guān)重要，如：

Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes， you're much less likely to make them again.

A.or B.and C.but D.before

本句涉及“祈使句 + and/or+陳述句\"的固定句式。其中，“祈使句 + and+陳述句\"表示：如果執(zhí)行了祈使句中的行為，那么接下來的陳述句所描述的結(jié)果就會(huì)發(fā)生。這里，“and\"起到連接和表示順承關(guān)系的作用，意為“那么，就”。“祈使句 +or+ 陳述句\"則表示：如果不執(zhí)行祈使句中的行為，那么接下來的陳述句所描述的負(fù)面結(jié)果就會(huì)發(fā)生。這里，“or\"起到連接和表示選擇或警告的作用，意為“否則，不然”。因此，此空格處答案應(yīng)為‘a(chǎn)nd\"或“or”，又根據(jù)上下文語境，答案為“and”。

4.利用上下文環(huán)境的描寫

同學(xué)們在閱讀時(shí)，應(yīng)在掌握文章大意、弄清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，重點(diǎn)找出語篇中帶有感情色彩的詞語或句子，這些標(biāo)志性詞語或句子往往對解題起到至關(guān)重要的作用，如：

There was once a guy who loves a girl very much. Until one day his girl told him she was going to leave him and would never come back.Heartbroken，the guy agreed.It rained so hard that day and all the black clouds were like heavy stones crushing him heavily to the ground.With the cold rain running down his face，he couldn't feel anything in his dead heart. He was so that he wanted to cry out to let the whole world know his misery.

A.excited B. painful C. smart D. lucky

上面語篇中的heartbroken，misery都表達(dá)了一種痛苦、悲傷的情緒，因此選項(xiàng)B“painful\"（痛苦的）是正確答案。

一、先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024年，無錫市）

One day，our teacher，Mr. Sims，announced that the seventh grade field trip would be to a theme park. The classroom was filled with excitement as the girls discussed what they would wear and what they should bring with them.Isat back and listened，knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me.It made me_ 1 to feel so left out.But not Danny.He simply told everyone that he wouldn't be going.When Mr. Sims asked him 2 _，Danny stood up and said，“It’s too much money for me.My dad hurt his back and hasbeen out of 3_for a while.I'm not asking my parents for money.\"

Sitting back down in his seat，Danny held his head up 4 _，even though whispering had already begun.Icould only sit quietly in my seat，knowing those_ 5 could be about me when they found out Iwould not be going either.

“Dan，I'm very proud of you for 6 the situation that your parents are in，”Mr. Sims replied.

Seeing the students whispering in the back，Mr. Sims spoke again，only 7

“This year，we’re going to do things diferently.The trip is not until the end of the month，so there’s plenty of time for money 8 _.Each student must bring in at least one idea for that.If a student doesn't want to help，then he or she will be staying here that day.Any 9 _？”

Of course，Shelly，the most popular girl in the class，spoke up.

“Well，Mr. Sims，my parents can 10 it.Do Istill have to help？'

“Shelly，this is not a matter of being rich or poor.Money is not just something that is handed to you when you get older. This will be a great learning experience for everyone， whether you have the money or not.\"

1. A.bored B. angry C. relaxed D. happy

2.A.how B.when C. why D. what

3.A.work B. town C. hope D. time

4.A. excitedly B. proudly C. worriedly D. politely

5.A.secrets B. changes C. praises D.whispers

6.A.understanding B. describing C. explaining D.announcing

7.A.faster B. slower C. louder D. quieter

8.A.lending B. making C. spending D.raising

9. A. ideas B. questions C. plans D. suggestions

10.A.afford B.cancel C. return D. share

語篇分析

本文是一篇記敘文，屬于“人與自我\"范疇中的“自我認(rèn)識(shí)\"的子主題內(nèi)容。本文以第一人稱視角，向讀者講述了作者所在的班級(jí)要集體去旅行，作者沒有錢，且羞于承認(rèn)的故事。班級(jí)里同樣沒有錢去旅行的丹尼卻誠實(shí)勇敢地說明了自己的境況，獲得了老師的稱贊。最后，老師決定讓學(xué)生自己通過籌集資金來參加這次旅行。

1.B。句中代詞“It\"指代的是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式“tofeelsoleftout”。根據(jù)上文可知：“作者沒有錢去旅行，感到被冷落，因此生氣”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有“angry\"符合上下文語境。2.C。根據(jù)上文“He simply told everyone that he wouldn'tbe going.\"及下文“It's to0much money forme...\"可知，此處，西姆斯先生是詢問丹尼不能去旅行的原因。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有\(zhòng)"why\"符合上下文語境。3.A。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“Mydad hurthisback..（我父親的背受傷了）\"以及后面的句子\"I'mnot asking my parents for money.”可推斷：丹尼的爸爸已經(jīng)失業(yè)了，所以丹尼不會(huì)向父母要錢。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有\(zhòng)"work\"符合上下文語境。4.B。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“held his head up\"以及“...even though whispering had alreadybegun.\"可推斷：丹尼驕傲地抬起頭。因此，選項(xiàng)B\"proudly\"（驕傲地）為正確答案。5.D。根據(jù)上文“...even though whisperinghad alreadybegun”中的關(guān)鍵詞“whispering”可推測，此空應(yīng)填\"whispers”（低語，私語），意為：那些竊竊私語可能就是針對我的。6.A。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞\"proud”，“understanding\"最符合上下文語境，意為：“丹尼，你能理解你父母的處境，我為你感到驕傲。”西姆斯先生回答說。7.C。根據(jù)“Seeing the students whispering in the back，Mr. Sims spoke again，...”可知，前面的現(xiàn)在分詞與主句邏輯上存在因果關(guān)系，意為：看到同學(xué)們在竊竊私語，所以西姆斯先生才用更大聲音說話。因此，“l(fā)ouder\"（更大聲地）符合上下文語境。8.D。根據(jù)“This year，we're going to do things differently. The trip is not until the endof the month，so there's plenty of time for money..\"及下文中的描述可知，這次旅行的費(fèi)用需要同學(xué)們自己想辦法籌集。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“raising\"符合上下文語境。9.B。根據(jù)下文“Of course， Shelly，the most popular girl in the class，spoke up.”可推測，老師提出建議后，是在問同學(xué)們還有什么問題。因此，“questions\"（問題）符合上下文語境。

10.A。根據(jù)\"DoIstillhave to help？\"可知，雪莉覺得自己父母能承擔(dān)得起這次旅行的費(fèi)用，所以詢問自己是否還需要參與到這次籌錢的活動(dòng)中。因此，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“afford”符合上下語境。

二、閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024年，連云港市）

“Meera，do you remember what day it is tomorrow？”asked Rani.

“ It’s Mummy’s birthday！”cried Meera.“What are we going to give her as a 1 ？”

That was the_ 2_.They couldn't think of anything！Maybe they could buy her some flowers or make her a birthday card.But that didn’t seem 3 _enough for Mummy！

Both girls 4 how they could make Mummy’s birthday an extra surprise. They asked Papa for help.After an hour of discussing with Papa，the girls nodded to each other. They finally had a 5 ！

Next morning Papa 6 the girls very early，even before the sun had risen properly.Quickly and quietly， the three of them started to 7 _.Papa and Rani blew up balloons—red，yellow，green，blue—and Meera 8 them all around.Soon the room was looking very_ 9 indeed.

Then they got into the_ 10 .“Let’s make breakfast！” Papa began giving 11 _ina low voice.Rani and Meera did as Papa said._ 12 the children made the breakfast ready.There were sandwiches，a fruit salad，a glass full of 13 orange juice and another full of warm milk.

Mummy came out of her room.The girls 14 to herand hugged（擁抱）her. “Happy birthday！”

“What a wonderful 15 ！”cried Mummy，looking at the balloons and the breakfast table.It was the best breakfast Mummy had ever eaten.

1. A. praise B. present C. promise D. prize

2.A.answer B.reason C. problem D. decision

3.A.special B. simple C. expensive D. easy

4.A.knew B.learned C. forgot D.wondered

5.A.dream B. plan C. chance D. product

6. A. woke up B. made up C.looked after D.ran after

7.A. exercise B.read C.work D. play

8.A.broke B. bought C. hid D. hung

9.A. clean B.empty C.beautiful D. huge

10.A. garden B.bedroom C.kitchen D. study

11.A.choices B. challenges C.invitations D.instruction：

12.A. Quietly B. Carelessly C. Suddenly D. Usually

13.A.free B. fresh C. strange D.terrible

14. A. agreed B. rushed C. pointed D.complainec

15.A. surprise B. joke C. flower D. card

語篇分析

本文是一篇記敘文，主要運(yùn)用了一般過去時(shí)進(jìn)行敘述，屬于“人與社會(huì)\"范疇中的“良好的人際關(guān)系與人際交往\"的子主題內(nèi)容。本文以第三人稱視角，按照時(shí)間順序，主要介紹了Rani和Meera在母親的生日即將來臨的時(shí)候，如何在父親的幫助下，給她準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)特別的生日禮物的過程

1.B。根據(jù)\"It’sMummy'sbirthday！\"以及下文可知，Meera和Rani是在討論為媽媽的生日準(zhǔn)備什么禮物，因此，“present”（禮物）符合上下文語境，該句意為：“我們打算給她什么禮物？”2.C。根據(jù)\"Theycouldn'tthinkofanything！\"以及下文可知，她們想不出為媽媽準(zhǔn)備什么禮物，因此這就是問題\"problem\"所在。3.A.根據(jù)“Maybe they could buy her some flowers or make hera birthday card.\"以及后面的連詞\"But”可推測：她們認(rèn)為買花或者送生日卡片不夠特別。因此，“special\"（特別的）為正確答案。4.D。根據(jù)上文“But that didn't seem special enough for Mummy！”以及下文“TheyaskedPapa forhelp.”，可推測出：Meera和Rani是想知道怎樣才能給媽媽一個(gè)驚喜。因此，“wondered\"（想知道）為正確答案。5.B。根據(jù)上文“..the girlsnoddedto each other\"以及下文描述，可知討論之后，她們有了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。因此，“plan\"（計(jì)劃）為正確答案。6.A。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息“veryearly”，以及后面補(bǔ)充說明的分句“evenbefore thesun had risen properly”可知，第二天一早父親就把她們叫醒。因此，“wokeup”為正確選項(xiàng)。7.C。根據(jù)下文描述“Papa and Rani blew up balloons—red，yellow，green，blue—andMeerahung themallaround.”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“work\"與此描述一致，意為：“他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人迅速而安靜地開始工作。”8.D。根據(jù)上文“Papa and Rani blewup balloons”以及下文“Soon the room waslooking very beautifulindeed.”可推測出，Meera是把氣球掛在周圍的，因此，“hung\"為正確選項(xiàng)。9.C。本題考查形容詞辨析，四個(gè)形容詞\"clean”（干凈的），“empty”（空的），“beautiful\"（美麗的），“huge”（巨大的）雖然都可以修飾\"theroom”，但是根據(jù)上文\"Papaand Rani blew up balloons—red，yellow，green，blue—and Meera hung them all around.\"的描述，“beautiful\"最符合上下文語境。意為：Meera把各種顏色的氣球掛在周圍，很快，房間看上去很漂亮。

10.C。根據(jù)下文“Let'smakebreakfast！”可推斷，他們是進(jìn)入廚房做早飯。因此，“kitchen\"（廚房）為正確選項(xiàng)。

11.D。根據(jù)上文“Let’smake breakfast！”以及下文“Rani and Meera did as Papasaid.\"可知，Meera和Rani的爸爸在指導(dǎo)她們做早飯，因此，“instructions”（指導(dǎo)）為正確選項(xiàng)。

12.A。根據(jù)上文“Quickly and quietly，the three of them started to work.\"以及句中關(guān)鍵詞“made thebreakfastready”可推斷出，孩子們悄悄地做好了早餐。因此，“Quietly\"（安靜地）為正確選項(xiàng)。

13.B。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“orange juice\"以及上下文可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中“fresh\"最符合語境，整個(gè)句子的意思為：有三明治、水果沙拉、一杯新鮮橙汁和一杯熱牛奶。

14.B。此題考查的是動(dòng)詞辯析，根據(jù)上文“Mummycame out of her room.\"以及關(guān)鍵詞\"..and hugged（擁抱）her”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中“rushed\"最符合上下文語境，意為：女孩們沖到她面前擁抱她。

15.A。立足語篇整體框架，結(jié)合語篇的主題及主題意義，可以推斷出，這是她們給媽媽的生日驚喜。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“surprise\"最符合題意，意為：“真是一個(gè)驚喜！”

小試牛 刀

Are you more likely to jump into action when a new idea comes to mind or just daydream about it？ Amy was a little girl， she was wasting time getting prepared to do her tasks， instead of doing them at once as she should do.

In the village，Mr Thornton kept a store where he sold fruits of all kinds， including berries when 2_ . One morning he said to Amy，“Well， Amy， Inoticed some fine，ripe（成熟的）blackberries on Mr Green’s 3 today.He said that anybody was welcome to them.I will 4 you 13 cents a kilogram for all you pick for me.'

Amy was 5 about the thought of making some money to help her mom，so she quickly ran home to get a basket to hold the berries. Then she thought she would like to know how much money she would get 6 she picked five kilograms. After finding out that she would get 65 cents， she started to dream big，“Supposing I should pick a dozen kilograms， how much should I make then？”

“Dear me！” she 7 _，aftercalculating（估算）awhile，“Ishould make a dollar and fifty-six cents！\"

It took her some time to dream bigger， and then it was 8 near lunchtime that she had to stay at home until the afternoon.

9 lunch was over， she took her basket and hurried to the farm. Some boys had been there before lunch，and all the ripe blackberries were picked. She could not find half a kilogram to fill her basket. Then she thought of 10 her teacher often told her，“Do your task at once; then think about it. One doer is worth 10o dreamers.

1. A. never B. always C.seldom D.sometimes

2.A. in season B.in time C. in place D. in public

3. A. house B. farm C. garden D. flat

4. A. spend B. cost C. pay D. take

5.A. sad B. excited C. surprised D.worried

6.A.unless B.whether C.if D. so

7.A. cried B. whispered C.complained D. shouted

8.A. s0 B. such C. too D. very

9.A. Before B. As soon as C. Since D. As good as

10. A. how B. why C. what D.when