甜瓜新品種蘭白946的選育

中圖分類號：S652 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1009-9980（2025）08-1941-04

Abstract： Lanbai 946 is anew muskmelon cultivar bred by heterosis.Its parents were the monophyletic materials 20G5 and 20G25.The female parent 20G5 was selected from C56 that was introduced from Gansu Branch of the National Germplasm Bank in 2015.The male parent 20G25 was selected from PI 618819 that was introduced from the Plant Introduction Station in North-central America in 2015.The parent lines were purified by successve generations. The 29 hybrid combinations of muskmelon were selected in a greenhouse in the spring of 2020，and preliminarily assessed in the autumn of 2020 at Lanzhou. The combinations were assessed again in the spring of 2021 and 2022，and the combination C61 was selected for its excellent comprehensive characteristics.The varietal yield test was performed for two years in the spring from 2021 to 2022，and the combination C61 was selected for its excellent comprehensive characteristics.The regional adaptability testing was carried out at five sites of the Gansu Province over two years from 2022 to 2023，and it was finally selected and named Lanbai 946. It is a medium-maturity variety， the whole growth period is about 110 days and the fruit development period is about 45 days in the plastic greenhouse in Gaolan County，Lanzhou City of Gansu Province.The plant grows strongly and the plant shape is sparse.The leaf shape is pentagonal with shallow-incised leaf and the color is yelowish to green.The male flowers and the bisexual flowers grow on the same plant. The fruit shape is oval with the fruit shape index of 1.1. The pericarp is greyish-white with iregular fine lines.The flesh isgreen with the thickness is 5.0cm ，thesoluble solidscontent isabout 16.8% and the Vc content is about 15.6mg per 100g .The flesh iscrisp and juicy with the original flavor ofLanzhou Bailan melon. The average fruit weight is about 2.0kg .The average yield per 666.7m² is up to 2501kg Invertical cultivation， thebest density is15oo-16oO plants per 666.7m² ，with1-2vines，and the secondary vine bears fruits.In crawl cultivation， the best density is 120o-1300 plants per 666.7m² ，the stem tips are pinched in the period of 7-8 leaves with 3-4 secondary vines， and the tertiary vine bears fruits，one fruit for each plant.The seeds have yellowish-brown coat and the thousand-grain weight is about 36g . It is moderate resistant to powdery mildew and mildew. It is suitable for protected cultivation in central and western regions of Gansu Province. The soil water content must be strictly controlled during flowering，and irigation should be stopped before harvest. The carpopodium is easy to shed after full maturity，and bythis time the storage and transportationcapacities were reduced，so it is recommended to be harvested timely. Attntion should be paid to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests during maturity. It has been registered as Non-Major Crop Variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in December 2024.

Keywords：Muskmelon;New cultivar;Lanbai 946;WhiteLanzhou melon

甜瓜（CucumismeloL.）為葫蘆科甜瓜屬1年生蔓生草本植物，依據其植物學、生態學以及農業生物學特性分為厚皮甜瓜和薄皮甜瓜兩大類。中國甜瓜播種面積和產量均居于世界首位。甘肅是全國著名的甜瓜產區，甜瓜種植歷史悠久。蘭州白蘭瓜皮白肉綠，外形美觀，果肉酥軟多汁，風味濃郁，在國際市場上享有一定的聲譽。20世紀八九十年代，隨著甜瓜種植面積擴大，為了增強耐貯運性，甜瓜品種以硬肉為主，蘭州白蘭瓜丟失了酥軟多汁和清香撲鼻的獨特風味[4。近年來，隨著冷鏈運輸和各種包裝技術不斷更新，貯運性不再是制約品種推廣的主因。筆者課題組致力于打造“甘味\"農產品，選育出具有蘭州白蘭瓜原始風味的甜瓜新品種蘭白946（圖1），以滿足甘肅省甜瓜產業需求。

1選育過程

蘭白946是利用雜種優勢選育的厚皮甜瓜優良雜種一代。母本20G5是2015年從國家種質資源庫甘肅分庫引進的編號為C56的白蘭瓜類型材料經多代自交選純。母本20G5植株生長勢中等，株型疏散，葉片大小中等，葉色淺綠，抗白粉病，雄花兩性花同株，坐果性好，果實橢圓形，果皮綠白色，果肉綠色，肉厚 3.8cm ，肉質酥軟多汁，風味濃郁，果肉中心可溶性固形物含量 Π^（ω（σ_w ，后同）約 15.1% ，單果質量 1.38kg 0父本20G25是2015年從美國中北部植物引種站引進的編號為PI618819的白蘭瓜類型材料連續多代自交選純。植株長勢強，株型緊湊，葉片較小，葉色深綠。雄花兩性花同株，坐果性中等，果實圓形，果皮綠白色，中細網紋，果肉綠色，肉厚 4.1cm ，肉質酥，果肉中心可溶性固形物含量 16.2% ，單果質量 0.95kg 。

2020年春茬選配組合，2020年秋茬開展組合觀察試驗。2021一2022年早春茬開展品種比較試驗，對照為當地主栽品種銀帝，篩選出綜合性狀優良的白皮綠肉白蘭瓜類型組合C61，該組合田間長勢強，坐果性好，果形較對照圓，肉質較對照軟糯，風味濃郁（表1）。C61每 666.7m² 平均產量 3104.83kg ，較對照銀帝（每 666.7m² 產量 2958.80kg） 高 146.03kg 。

2022一2023年開展多點區域適應性試驗（表2），蘭白946每 666.7m² 平均產量為 2778.2kg 。2023年進行生產試驗（表3），蘭白946每 666.7m² 平均產量為 2501.0kg ，與對照銀帝相當，田間表現坐果性好，果實短橢圓形，果肉翠綠，肉質軟糯多汁，風味濃郁，在蘭州市皋蘭縣、武威市民勤縣等地均表現出良好的適應性。2024年12月通過農業農村部非主要農作物品種登記，登記編號：GPD甜瓜（2024）620218。

圖1白蘭瓜新品種蘭白946Fig.1 AnewmeloncultivarLanbai946

表1蘭白946與銀帝主要性狀差異Table1 Comparisionof maincharacteristics ofLanbai 946and Yindi

表2品種區域試驗Table2Varietyregional test

表3品種生產試驗

Table3 Varietyproduction test

2主要性狀

2.1 植物學特征

蘭白946種子黃褐色，千粒質量 36g 。植株長勢強，株型疏散，節間長度 20cm ，葉片形狀五角星，缺刻淺，葉色黃綠。雄花兩性花同株，花冠黃色。子房茸毛少，幼果無苦味。吊蔓栽培單蔓或雙蔓整枝，子蔓坐果；趴地栽培3～4蔓整枝，以孫蔓坐果為主，坐果性好。

2.2 果實主要特征

蘭白946為雜交一代厚皮甜瓜新品種，具有蘭州白蘭瓜的原始風味。果實短橢圓形，果皮灰白色，有不規則稀網（圖1），平均單果質量 2.0kg 。果肉翠綠，肉厚 5.0cm ，果肉中心可溶性固形物含量16.8% ，邊部可溶性固形物含量 12.6% ，果肉維生素C含量 15.6mg?100g^-1 。肉質軟糯多汁，風味濃郁，口感佳。

2.3 物候期

蘭白946熟性中等，早春茬3一6月蘭州市皋蘭縣旱砂大棚覆膜種植，趴地栽培，孫蔓坐果，全生育期110d左右，果實發育期 45d 。秋延后8—11月溫室吊蔓栽培，全生育期 120d ，果實發育期 47～50d 。

2.4 抗病性及適應性

蘭白946田間抗病性鑒定結果表明，對自然誘發的白粉病，病情指數13.15，中抗白粉病；對自然誘發的霜霉病，病情指數18.13，中抗霜霉病。適宜在西北生態區保護地及露地起壟覆膜種植。

3栽培技術要點及注意事項

3.1栽培技術要點

該品種適宜在甘肅省蘭州市、武威市等地區日光溫室、早春大棚、小拱棚及露地起壟覆地膜栽培，起壟前施足基肥，基肥以豬糞、牛糞等有機肥為主，每 666.7m² 配施復合肥 50～100kg 。育苗適宜溫度20～30^°C ，不能低于 15^°C ，盡量延長光照時間。兩葉一心或三葉一心時選壯苗定植；吊蔓栽培每666.7m² 保苗1500株左右，單蔓或雙蔓整枝，子蔓坐果；爬地栽培每 666.7m² 保苗約1200株，7～8葉期打頂，留3～4條子蔓，每條子蔓留1～2條孫蔓，孫蔓坐果，每株留1果。開花坐果期適宜溫度 25～35^°C ，坐果期要及時整枝打權、澆足水，促進坐果；果實發育期45d左右，成熟期控水。適時采收，以防止過熟后落蒂影響風味。

3.2 注意事項

膨瓜期要及時灌水，缺水容易化瓜；坐果期要及時整枝，促進坐果；果實成熟期灌水需謹慎，灌水過多易爛果；完熟后易落蒂，貯運性降低，建議適時采收。生長后期及時防病。

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