My First Day in Philadelphia費城第一天

Then I walked up the street， gazing about till near the market-house I met a boy with bread. I had made many a meal on bread， and， inquiring where he got it， I went immediately to the baker’s he directed me to， in Second-street， and ask’d for bisket， intending such as we had in Boston; but they， it seems， were not made in Philadelphia. Then I asked for a three-penny loaf， and was told they had none such. So not considering or knowing the difference of money， and the greater cheapness nor the names of his bread， I bade him give me three-penny worth of any sort.

隨后我在街頭溜達，東張西望，走到市場附近時遇見了一個手拿面包的男孩。以面包當飯，我不知吃了有多少頓了，于是便問他在哪兒買的。按照他的指引，我立刻尋到了第二街的那家面包店，開口說要買波士頓的那種餅干，可費城好像不做那種餅干。我便改口要買三便士一條的長面包，對方說他們沒有這種面包。大概是這兒用的錢不一樣，或者是要買的東西太便宜，要不就是名稱不對吧，我讓他隨便給我三便士的東西果腹。

He gave me， accordingly， three great puffy1 rolls， I was surpris’d at the quantity， but took it， and， having no room in my pockets， walk’d off with a roll under each arm， and eating the other. Thus I went up Market-street as far as Fourth-street， passing by the door of Mr. Read， my future wife’s father; when she， standing at the door， saw me， and thought I made， as I certainly did， a most awkward， ridiculous appearance. Then I turned and went down Chestnut-street and part of Walnut-street， eating my roll all the way， and， coming round， found myself again at Market-street wharf， near the boat I came in， to which I went for a draught2 of the river water; and， being filled with one of my rolls， gave the other two to a woman and her child that came down the river in the boat with us， and were waiting to go farther.

于是他給了我三個松軟的大面包卷。我沒想到量這么大，但還是接了過去。衣袋里裝不下，我便兩只胳膊各夾一個，嘴里吃著一個走了。我就這樣走過了市場街，來到第四街，從里德先生（此人后來成了我的岳父）家門口經(jīng)過時，他女兒正站在門口，瞧見了我，覺得我樣子狼狽可笑（實情如此）。我拐了個彎繼續(xù)走，經(jīng)過板栗街，來到核桃街的地段，一路啃著面包。結(jié)果，繞了一圈，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又回到了市場街的碼頭，我來時乘的那條船就停在附近，我在碼頭上從河里取了些水喝。一個面包卷下肚已經(jīng)飽了，我就把另外兩個給了一對母子——他們來時跟我們同船，正等著開船繼續(xù)趕路。

Thus refreshed3， I walked again up the street， which by this time had many clean-dressed people in it， who were all walking the same way. I joined them， and thereby was led into the great meeting-house of the Quakers near the market. I sat down among them， and， after looking round awhile and hearing nothing said， being very drowsy thro’ labour and want of rest the preceding night， I fell fast asleep， and continu’d so till the meeting broke up， when one was kind enough to rouse me. This was， therefore， the first house I was in， or slept in， in Philadelphia.

肚子里有了食，我又開始在街頭溜達。此時街上有許多人，穿戴得干干凈凈，都朝著同一個方向走。我夾裹在人流里，跟著走進市場附近貴格會的大會堂。我隨大家坐下，四周張望了一陣子，沒見有人講話——由于頭天一晚勞作缺乏睡眠，一股困意襲來，我很快便睡著了，直到集會結(jié)束，一個人好心叫醒了我。這座會堂就此成了我在費城待過（或者說睡過）的第一屋。

Walking down again toward the river， and， looking in the faces of people， I met a young Quaker man， whose countenance I lik’d， and， accosting4 him， requested he would tell me where a stranger could get lodging. We were then near the sign of the Three Mariners5. “Here，” says he， “is one place that entertains strangers， but it is not a reputable house; if thee wilt walk with me， I’ll show thee a better.” He brought me to the Crooked Billet in Water-street. Here I got a dinner; and， while I was eating it， several sly questions were asked me， as it seemed to be suspected from my youth and appearance， that I might be some runaway.

我舉步又向河邊走去，一邊觀察著人們的面孔。我遇見一個年輕的貴格會教友，他的臉讓我心生好感，于是我上去跟他搭話，問外地人可以在哪兒住宿。當時離我們不遠有一家掛著“三個水手”招牌的旅店。他說：“這家店接待外地人，但名聲不好。如果你愿意，我可以給你指一家比較好的店。”說話間他把我引到了水街的克魯克特招待所。在招待所里，我吃了頓飯。就在我吃飯的時候，有人拐彎抹角問了我一堆問題，似乎根據(jù)我的年齡和外表懷疑我是離家出走的。

After dinner， my sleepiness return’d， and being shown to a bed， I lay down without undressing， and slept till six in the evening， was call’d to supper， went to bed again very early， and slept soundly till next morning. Then I made myself as tidy as I could， and went to Andrew Bradford the printer’s. I found in the shop the old man his father， whom I had seen at New York， and who， traveling on horseback， had got to Philadelphia before me. He introduc’d me to his son， who receiv’d me civilly， gave me a breakfast， but told me he did not at present want a hand， being lately suppli’d with one; but there was another printer in town， lately set up， one Keimer， who， perhaps， might employ me; if not， I should be welcome to lodge at his house; and he would give me a little work to do now and then till fuller business should offer.

飯后，困意又襲了上來。有人把我?guī)У揭粡埓睬?，我倒頭便睡，連衣服也沒脫，一直睡到傍晚六點鐘，隨后被叫去吃晚飯，回來早早地就又睡了，睡得很香，次日晨方醒。起床后，我盡力把自己收拾得整整齊齊，然后便動身去安德魯·布雷福德印刷廠。在廠里，我見到了廠長的父親，就是曾在紐約會過面的那位老先生——他來費城騎的是馬，先我一步抵達。他把我引薦給了他的兒子。他兒子待我客客氣氣，招呼我吃了早飯，隨后告我目前不缺人手，因為剛剛雇了一個。不過，他說一個叫凱默的人最近剛開了家印刷廠，或許可以雇我——萬一雇不成，歡迎我來他家居住，他可以時不時給我些零活干，直至有較為正式的工作。

The old gentleman said he would go with me to the new printer; and when we found him， “Neighbour，” says Bradford， “I have brought to see you a young man of your business; perhaps you may want such a one.” He ask’d me a few questions，" put a composing stick6 in my hand to see how I work’d， and then said he would employ me soon， though he had just then nothing for me to do…

老先生說他愿意帶我去那家新開的印刷廠。到了廠里，老先生對工廠主說道：“街坊，給你帶來了一個干這個行業(yè)的小伙子，或許你正需要。”對方問了我?guī)讉€問題，把一個排字盤塞進我手里看看我干得怎么樣。隨后他說很快就可以雇用我，只是目前沒有活兒干……

【原文介紹及翻譯解析】

本杰明·富蘭克林（Benjamin Franklin，1706—1790），美國實業(yè)家、科學家、社會活動家、思想家、文學家和外交家。他是美國歷史上第一位享有國際聲譽的科學家和發(fā)明家，為了對電進行探索而作過著名的“風箏實驗”，在電學上成就顯著。他還是一位優(yōu)秀的政治家，是美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭的老戰(zhàn)士，曾參加起草《獨立宣言》和美國憲法，積極主張廢除奴隸制度，深受美國人民的崇敬。他撰寫的《富蘭克林自傳》文采飛揚、內(nèi)容生動，成為當時走紅的暢銷書。此書代表著美國精神，至今仍為人們熱讀。鑒于他為美國作出了卓越的貢獻，美國人民把他的頭像印在100美元紙鈔的正面，永駐人們的記憶。

本文摘自《富蘭克林自傳》，文風樸實，語言詼諧幽默。翻譯不同文學作品，就應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的不同的筆調(diào)，因為文學作品的風格千姿百態(tài)，各有各的風采。馬克思曾抨擊普魯士政府對文學的粗暴干涉說：“你們贊美大自然悅?cè)诵哪康那ё內(nèi)f化和無窮無盡的豐富寶藏，你們并不要求玫瑰花和紫羅蘭散發(fā)出同樣的芳香，但你們?yōu)槭裁磪s要求世界上最豐富的東西——精神——只能有一種存在的形式呢？我是一個幽默家，可是法律卻指定我用嚴肅的筆調(diào)。我是一個激情的人，可是法律卻指定我用謙遜的風格。沒有色彩就是這種自由唯一許可的色彩。每一滴露水在太陽的照耀下都閃耀著無窮無盡的色彩。但是精神的太陽，無論它照耀多少個體，無論它照耀著什么事物，卻只準許產(chǎn)生一種色彩，就是官方的色彩！”馬克思所提倡的是“百花齊放、百家爭鳴”的文學風格，而要再現(xiàn)“風格”，則必須在各個層面上均予以重視。為此，名作家、翻譯家林語堂提出了三條原則：

第一條原則：譯文須以句為本位?！白g文與作文之不同者，即其原有思想非發(fā)自譯者之心，而出于一使用外國文之作者，然于譯者欲以同一思想用本國文表示出來時，其心理應(yīng)與行文相同，換言之，必以句為本位，而非可一字一字疊成的。……譯者必將原文全句意義詳細準確的體會出來，吸收心中，然后將此全句意義依中文語法譯出。這就是我們所謂‘句譯’的方法?！?/p>

第二條原則：譯者須完全根據(jù)中文心理。“翻譯者所表現(xiàn)之思想，既本于外國文，則不免多少受外國文之影響，且譯者亦不應(yīng)過改其本來面目。雖然，若是譯者心中非先將此原文思想譯成有意義之中國話，則據(jù)字直譯，似中國話實非中國語，似通而不通，絕不能達到通順結(jié)果。我們讀此種譯文時之感覺，則其文法或無疵可摘，然中國人說話絕非如此。語言有語言之語性，語法句法如何，皆須跟從一定之習慣，平常所謂‘通’與‘不通’即其句法是否跟從其習慣。凡與此習慣相反者即所謂‘不通’，不必觸犯文法上之紀律也。中國學生，每每可做‘中國人之英文’，其思想心理句法，完全為中文的而非英文的，雖其文法上全無錯誤，而由英人觀之，則必曰‘不是英文’；猶如西人以‘謝謝很多’代‘謝謝’者，華人亦必斥之為‘外國語’。譯文太牢守西洋心理者，其讀者之感念，亦以為‘非中國話’。此種非中國話之中國話，實不必以‘歐化’之名自為掩飾，因為他是與歐化問題不同的。無論何種語體于未經(jīng)‘國化’以前都是不通，不能以其為翻譯而為例外。且歐化之大部分工作在詞匯，若語法乃極不易歐化，而且不能句句皆歐化也?！?/p>

第三條原則：譯文必須具藝術(shù)之美?！胺g于用之外，還有美一方面須兼顧的，理想的翻譯家應(yīng)當將其工作做一種藝術(shù)。以愛藝術(shù)之心愛他，以對藝術(shù)謹慎不茍之心對他，使翻譯成為藝術(shù)之一種，且所譯原文，每每屬于西洋藝術(shù)作品，如詩文小說之類，譯者不譯此等書則以，若譯此等書則于達用之外，不可不注意于文字之美的問題。”

1 puffy脹大的；肥滿的。

2 draught一飲（的量）。" 3 refresh補充給養(yǎng)。此處意譯為“肚子里有了食”。

4 accost招呼；搭話。" 5 mariner水手，海員。

6 composing stick排字盤。