生活感悟類完形填空解題指導與訓練

一、文章特點

生活感悟類的文章就是指能給人心靈以啟示和忠告，使人從中受到教育的文章。這類文章的體裁可以是記敘文，如生活中一些感人故事或情感故事，有點類似心靈雞湯一樣的短文。有時故事的結尾會有一句“點睛之筆”，點出全文的中心思想，就像《伊索寓言》里的寓言一樣。還可能是夾敘夾議的哲理散文或生活隨筆。散文隨筆通常會闡述一種樸素易懂，耳熟能詳的人生道理或寶貴品質。文章的結構和議論文類似，一般是總分總或總分結構。每段首句或尾句為主題句（論點），其它句子圍繞主題展開論述（論據），論證方法多種多樣，可能是舉例，或是引用名言，或正反對照等。

二、解題技巧

針對生活感悟類文章的特點，做這類文章的完形填空時要特別注意以下幾點：

1. 重點理解全文的首句。如果是記敘文，找出when， where， who， what等基本要素。如果是散文隨筆，充分理解文章的中心句——全文的主題。

2. 閱讀全文的結尾段或結尾句，有助于理解文章所闡述或蘊含的哲理、感悟或忠告等。

3. 調動自己的背景知識和情感。這類文章不會講大道理也不會涉及到一些很專業的知識技術領域，而是談一些小事和簡單的道理，所以如果讀者能和作者產生感情上的共鳴，讀者會更好地把握作者的意圖態度，從而提高做題的準確度。因此，考生在平時要做一個有心人，即用心去感悟生活中發生的小事，思考人生的一些基本道理，多閱讀一些短小精悍的美文，多寫寫自己的心情故事和對生活學習的感悟。只有平時多用心，做題時才能調動自己的背景知識和情感。

其它解題技巧，如詞匯復現，研讀上下文，注意標志性的連詞等，因為是所有類型完形填空所共有的特征，在此就不再贅述。

三、實例分析

There are many men and women who have faced bad fortune in their lives and achieved success in spite of it.

In 1869， a Civil War veteran named Major Powell was determined to be the first man to___21___the full length of that vast river of the Grand Canyon. He headed out with three boats and nine other men. It was against the___22___of the Native Americans who predicted a certain death.

At one___23___the rapids became so strong that three in his party left and began to walk to civilization. The three men tried to___24___Major Powell to quit the river. “We surely will die if we don’t quit this journey.” they said.

___25___only they died. They left at what is now known as separation canyon and were never heard from again， while Powell and his group ___26___. As it turned out the remaining group had only two more sets of27to conquer before the waters___28___ and they made it all the way.

Everything can look like a(n)___29___in the beginning and the middle. That perception becomes30only when you quit before you’ve succeeded.

21. A. measure B. explore

C. experience D. tour

22. A. rights B. laws

C. gods D. advice

23. A. point B. moment

C. occasion D. time

24. A. stopB. help

C. convinceD. threaten

25. A. StrangelyB. Fortunately

C. Ironically D. Obviously

26. A. survivedB. escaped

C. disappeared D. continued

27. A. bendsB. rapids

C. rivers D. dangers

28. A. frozeB. widened

C. separatedD. calmed

29. A. mysteryB. success

C. failureD. illusion

30. A. dreamB. reality

C. understandingD. difficulty

答案與解析：

本文通過講述美國內戰老兵鮑威爾少校和他的朋友在大峽谷河流中探險的故事，告訴讀者當面臨困境時，不要輕言放棄，勝利屬于堅持到最后的人。

21. B。結合前句的“the first man”（第一人）可知，本句意為“去大峽谷河流中進行全程探險（explore）”。

22. D。結合后面的who predicted a certain death，所以是印第安人善意的建議（advice）。

23. A。 表示“在某個地方”，是at one point。

24. C。從后文那三個人的話，可知此處是“說服（convince）”鮑威爾少校放棄。

25. C。從后文故事的發展，尤其是while （然而）說明此處是“很有諷刺意味的 (ironically)”。

26. A。和前文died構成反義詞的是survived。

27. B。從第三段第一句中的rapids可知此處是詞匯復現。

28. D。從第三段第一句中的“so strong”可知此處是激流變得緩和平靜（calmed）。

29. C。呼應文章首句，也可以從文章的最后一句中before you’ve succeeded可知，此處是選成功的反義詞“失敗(failure)”。

30. B。只有在你放棄時，這種理解才會成為現實(reality)。

四、即時練習

(1)

Setting goals have many benefits. If it is so___21___to set goals then why don’t more people set goals?

The first reason people don’t set goals is that they have not yet accepted personal___22___for their lives. The starting point of all greatness of all personal success is the acceptance of 100 percent responsibility for your life. Until you have claimed total and unconditional responsibility for everything that happens in your life， you will never be___23___about goal setting.

The irresponsible person___24___that because some events are out of their control (such as weather， the stock market， or the death of a loved one)， all things must be out of our control. So if things are out of our control why bother trying to control them? It is a lot___25___ to make excuses and put the___26___for a mediocre(平庸的) life on someone else. Emerson said， “No one can___27___you out of ultimate success but yourself.” God has given us the freedom of choice and we will go nowhere until and unless we accept___28___and unqualified responsibility for our life. The___29___in life do not go to those who have been treated fairly， but those who have30 accepted responsibility.

21. A. important B. necessary

C. beneficial D. useful

22. A. pursuit B. aim

C. projectD. responsibility

23. A. seriousB. careful

C. concernedD. fearful

24. A. claims B. reasons

C. repliesD. clarifies

25. A. harder B. easier

C. better D. plainer

26. A. burdenB. responsibility

C. blame D. trouble

27. A. helpB. rescue

C. cheat D. get

28. A. limited B. complete

C. selflessD. personal

29. A. problemsB. qualities

C. valuesD. prizes

30. A. maturelyB. easily

C. immediatelyD. eventually

(2)

In April 2004， Brittany， 13， and her brother Robbie， 12， learned about a Massachusetts soldier serving in Iraq whose phone bill was almost $8，000 from all the calls to and from home.

“We didn’t think it was___21___that our troops had to pay to call home，” Brittany says. So she and Robbie___22___their piggy banks， asked friends in their neighborhood of Norwell， Mass. for contributions and opened an account at a nearby bank with the $21 they___23___.___24___ by their sincerity， the bank gave them a $500 contribution， which helped___25___a program they called Cell Phones for Soldiers.

Four years later， the siblings(兄妹) have raised nearly $2 million from donations and the sale of recycled cell phones to purchase more than 400，000 prepaid calling cards， which___26___soldiers to place calls without any___27___ . What___28___ the siblings? “Receiving letters and e-mails of___29___ from soldiers， hearing that you are their hero，” Brittany says. And Robbie says. “It is knowing I’m helping soldiers and their loved ones keep in30that keeps me going.”

21. A. sensible B. right

C. worthwhile D. cheap

22. A. sold B. emptied

C. foundD. opened

23. A. collectedB. earned

C. donatedD. stole

24. A. InterestedB. Convinced

C. AstonishedD. Impressed

25. A. launch B. design

C. advertiseD. run

26. A. inspireB. allow

C. get D. persuade

27. A. thinking B. difficulties

C. chargesD. hesitation

28. A. makes B. forces

C. holdsD. motivates

29. A. complimentsB. praises

C. thanksD. misunderstandings

30. A. mind B. connection

C. sight D. touch

答案與簡析

(1)本文闡述了很多人不愿設立目標的首要原因是因為他們不愿意為自己的人生承擔100％的責任。如果總是為自己平庸的生活找各種借口，這種人是不會成功的。

21. C。結合前句的benefit可知，此處是同根詞beneficial。

22. D。從后文多處可知此處填“是責任（responsibility）”。

23. A。 從上下文可知此處是指“嚴肅（serious）”對待樹立目標一事。

24. B。后文在解釋原因，所以此處的動詞是reason (解釋原因)。

25. B。從前文的bother一詞可知此處是“容易省事（easier）”。

26. C。和前文的make excuses意思相近，把原因歸咎于他人 “put the blame on someone else”。

27. C。因A， B， D 都是指 “把你從成功中解救出來”，正好與全文意思相左。

28. B。從第二段第二和第三句中的“100%”和 “total” 可知此處是 “complete”。

29. D。人生中的“獎勵和回報，用 (prizes)”。

30. A。承擔責任的方式，此處最符合語境的是 “成熟地 (maturely)”。

(2)本文講述了一對美國少年兄妹積極籌款設立專項“士兵話費”基金會， 為身陷伊拉克戰爭的美國大兵和其家人聯系提供電話費用。

21. B。結合上文高額的花費和后文他們的捐助行為可知他們認為要美國大兵付費打電話不正確(right)。

22. B。因empty their piggy banks是指倒空他們的小豬儲蓄罐里的錢。

23. A. 從上下文可知此處是指通過各種途徑籌集(collect)到的錢。

24. D。從后文銀行決定捐錢的行為看出他們是被打動了(impressed)。

25. A。因launch a program 是指“啟動了一個項目”。

26. B。因allow sb to do sth 在此處指 “使得……成為可能”。

27. C。從前文的prepaid calling cards， 可知此處是“免費(without any charges)”。

28. D。從后文對此問題的回答可知問題是： “出自什么動機(motivate)?”

29. C。從上下文可知是 “感激 (thanks)”。

10. D。因keep in touch 表示“保持聯系”。

責任編校蔣小青