獨立主格結構是一個較為復雜的語言現象,這種結構通常由“獨立主格的名詞或代詞+現在/過去分詞(或動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語等)”構成,名詞或代詞和分詞邏輯上的主謂關系,結構嚴謹,意思生動,在句子中多用來修飾謂語動詞,常用作時間、條件、原因、行為方式或伴隨狀語。本文擬就種種獨立主格結構歸納如下:
一、名詞/代詞+現在分詞
We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permitting.如果天氣好,我們將于明天進行比賽。
The shower being over,we continued to march.陣雨過去之后我們繼續行軍。
二、名詞/代詞+過去分詞
His work finished,he prepared to go home.他工作結束了,就準備回家去。
All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.綜合考慮起來,她的論文比你的論文要更有價值一些。
三、名詞/代詞+動詞不定式
Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.這兒是頭兩卷,第三卷下月出版。
He has been here for a week,his sister to come here next week.他到這兒已經一個星期了,他姐姐下周要來這兒。
四、名詞/代詞+形容詞
Mr Smith was looking at Mary,his face white with anger.史密斯先生看著瑪麗,他的臉色氣得發白。
The boy looked at the beautiful picture,eyes wide open.這個孩子看著這幅美麗的圖畫,眼睛睜得大大的。
五、名詞/代詞+副詞
The meeting over,she went home.會議結束后她就回家了。
She put on her socks wrong side out.她襪子穿反了。
六、名詞/代詞+介詞短語
She entered the classroom,book in hand.她拿著書走進教室。
The old man sat in the chair,book in hand and pipe in mouth.老人坐在椅子上,手上拿著書,嘴里叼著煙斗。
七、名詞/代詞+名詞
Her examination failure,she prepared for the next exam.她考試不及格,準備下一次補考。
The girl worked hard,books are her good friends.那女孩努力學習,書是她的好朋友。
八、用“with+名詞/代詞+現在/過去分詞(或動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語等)”
Do you know the gentleman with a tall hat on?你認識那個戴禮帽的紳士嗎?(定語)
The house with its roof damaged has now been repaired.壞了屋頂的那間房子已經修好了。(定語)
It is rude to speak with your mouth full.邊吃東西邊同人家說話是不禮貌的。
She has to leave the classroom with her head down.她不得不低著頭離開教室。
The war was over without a shot being fired.那場戰爭一槍不發就結束了。
Without anyone noticing,she slipped through the window.誰也沒有注意她,她就跳窗溜走了。
She wouldn’t dare to go home without the job finished.工作未做完,她不敢回家。
She wandered in without shoes on. 她光著腳走了進來。