談談英語倒裝句

一、 完全倒裝

完全倒裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，主要結構有：

here， there， now， then， up， down ， in ， out， away， off， in the room， on the wall ，south of the...等表方位或方式的副詞或介詞短語置于句首， 謂語動詞常用be， come， go， lie， run等。

Then came the chairman.

Away flew the plane.

South of the river lies a small factory.

In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。

Away they went.

二、 部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分一般為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do，does或 did，并將其置于主語之前。

1. only加副詞、介詞、或狀語從句在句首。

Only in this way， can you hope to make improvement in the operating systems

Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

若加狀語從句在句首，不要錯把狀語從句倒裝，這時仍倒裝主句。

Only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed.

Only 修飾主語時句子不倒裝

Only he can answer the question.(can不能提到主語前）

2. 句首為否定或半否定詞，如nowhere， not， never， seldom， little， hardly ，nor ，neither 或有no的否定短語at no time， in no way， by no means等在句首。

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not a single mistake did he make.

Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.

At no time is smoking allowed here in the gas station.

Neither does he offer to help others， nor does he expect to be helped.

3. not only... but also連接兩個分句時，引導的第一個分句部分倒裝。如：Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students beginning to show an interest in it.

如果置于句首的not only... but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。

Not only you but also I am fond of music .

4. hardly / scarcely... when， no sooner ... than結構，當hardly / scarcely 、no sooner置于句首時，這些否定詞所在過去完成時的句子要部分倒裝而when/than后的部分不動。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.=She had hardly gone out when...

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.=She had no sooner gone out than...

5. Not until 加狀語或狀語從句提到句首時，until從句不倒裝，而是主句需要倒裝。

Not until he returned did we have supper.

Not until eleven o’clock in the morning can he fall asleep.

6. so...that 句型中的so + adj/adv部分位于句首時，such... that 結構such + 名詞性部分位于句首時，so / such部分所在的主句需部分倒裝，that后結果狀語從句不動。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch...

Such great progress has he made that everyone admires him.

7.so ， neither ， nor作部分倒裝

表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won’t go， neither will I.

注意：當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為“的確如此”。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

—It’s raining hard.—So it is.

8. 幾種特殊部分倒裝

（1）as， though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前。

注意：

名詞提前不能帶任何冠詞。

Children as he is， he knows a lot.

系表結構形容詞提前，若最高級不加the。

Youngest as he is ，he studies best.

（2）某些表示祝愿的句子

May you all be happy !

May you succed !

（3）在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were， had， should等詞，可將if 省略，把were， had， should 提到主語之前。

Had you come earlier ， you would catch the bus.（冀州市中學）