農(nóng)村金融供給：基于需求視域下的分析

陳　敏　王冠宇

摘要:農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)低預(yù)期收益和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特點(diǎn)是農(nóng)村金融的需求者和供給者共同面臨的約束條件,基于二者理性的選擇,最終會(huì)形成一個(gè)低水平的需求與供給均衡。為了打破這種低水平的均衡,整體思路是降低和分散農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高農(nóng)業(yè)的預(yù)期收益。因此,從需求視角下提出的金融供給的對(duì)策更有針對(duì)性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性。

關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村金融;金融需求;金融供給

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):F830.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

Supply of Rural Finance:Analysis Based on Demand

CHEN Min,WANG Guan-yu

(School of Finance, Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin150028,China)

Abstract: Low-income and high-risk characteristics of agricultural industry are constraint that demander and supplier are faced to and will form a low level demand and supply balance based on their rational choice.In order to break the low-level equilibrium,we should reduce and disperse the risk of agricultural production to enhance prospective return of agriculture.Therefore,financial supply countermeasures that are put forward from the perspective of demand are more specific and realistic. Key words:rural finance;financial demand, financial supply

在農(nóng)村金融問(wèn)題的探討上,大多數(shù)文章提及的關(guān)于農(nóng)村金融的供給狀況,是從供給量或農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的分布與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方面來(lái)闡述的,結(jié)論大多是農(nóng)村金融的供給不足;有的是從農(nóng)村金融需求的調(diào)查入手,結(jié)論是農(nóng)村金融需求的滿(mǎn)足程度低。無(wú)論是從供給還是從需求入手,其最后合理的推論都是由于農(nóng)村金融的供給不足導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展滯后,政策建議是增加農(nóng)村金融供給。縱觀(guān)歷次農(nóng)村金融改革,基本上都是在這個(gè)思路指導(dǎo)下,試圖搭建起以商業(yè)金融、合作金融和政策性金融為供給主體的農(nóng)村金融供給平臺(tái)。但這種自上而下的農(nóng)村金融改革既忽略了農(nóng)村真實(shí)的金融需求,也忽略了金融機(jī)構(gòu)的供給意愿。

一、對(duì)農(nóng)村金融的重新界定

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者在思考、研究農(nóng)村問(wèn)題時(shí),往往把農(nóng)村作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看待,農(nóng)村金融往往被理解為服務(wù)于農(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村的金融。但是,隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),尤其是在統(tǒng)籌……