句子成分“分隔”現象

1. 主謂分隔

英語句子的主語與謂語一般都很緊密，它們之間很少插入介詞短語等比較長的結構#65377;但是，在較少的情況下，或是為保持句子的平衡，避免頭重腳輕，或是為了語義嚴密，結構緊湊，在主語和謂語之間有時也會插入其他的成分#65377;

(1)He，however，didn’t understand at all the theory on which I based my invention.

然而，他對我的發明的理論基礎一點也不懂#65377;

(however將主語he與謂語didn’t understand分開)

(2)The novelist，therefore，has a special responsibility both to the present and the past of his country.

所以，小說家對自己國家的過去和現在有一種特殊的責任#65377;

(therefore將主語The novelist與謂語has a special responsibility分開)

(3)Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.

Helen對她小兒子比對其他的孩子和善得多，這當然使其他孩子很嫉妒他#65377;

(of course將從句中的主語which及其謂語made the others envy him分開)

(4)Anyway，that evening，which I’ll tell you more about later，ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

不管怎么樣，那天晚上我就待在了Rachel的住所，這件事我以后還會和你講#65377;

(定語從句which I’ll tell you more about later將主語 that evening 與謂語ended up staying at Rachel’s place分開)

2. 動賓分隔

(1)When we pass a big building or see an airplane or a car，we might keep in mind that we are looking at the fruits of man’s labour in this tradition.

當我們經過一幢大樓或是看見一架飛機或一輛汽車時，我們必須記住，我們所看到的正是人類勞動在這一傳統中創造出來的成果#65377;

(keep的賓語 that we are looking at the fruits of man’s labour in this tradition.被介詞短語in mind分隔，置于句尾)

(2)It is better for you to take with you whatever you need most anytime.

你最好把你最需要的任何東西都帶走#65377;

(with you將 take 與賓語whatever you need most anytime分隔)

(3)He，however，didn’t understand at all the theory on which I based my invention.

然而，他對我的發明的理論基礎一點也不懂#65377;

(at all將understand 與賓語the theory分開)

3. 定語與被修飾語分隔

(1)The time is coming to prepare for Christmas.

準備圣誕節的日子到了#65377;

(to prepare for Christmas是 the time的定語)

(2)There is no report to us of any accident.

沒有向我們作任何關于事故的報道#65377;

(of any accident修飾 report)

(3)I must try to make as careful a study as I can of the accident.

我必須對這個事故進行仔細的研究#65377;

(of the accident修飾 study)

4. 定語從句與先行詞分隔

(1)Many forms of equipment have been designed by which a more knowledge of blood pressure can be found.

很多形式的醫療器械已經設計出來了，通過這些器械可以增強我們對血壓的了解#65377;

(謂語動詞have been designed 把先行詞equipment 與定語從句by which a more knowledge of blood pressure can be found分隔，避免了主語部分太長，謂語部分太短)

(2)The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.

我們中國人受侵略者欺負的日子一去不復返了#65377;

(謂語動詞are gone把先行詞 The days與定語從句 when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders分隔，避免了主語部分太長，謂語部分太短)

(3)The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago.

兩年前我們學會農耕的那個村子有了很大的變化#65377;

(謂語動詞has developed a lot把先行詞The village與定語從句where we learned farming two years ago分隔)

(4)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she headed to decide what to do.

畢業后，她就到了該決定從事什么職業的時候#65377;

(介詞短語in her career把先行詞 a point與定語從句 where she headed to decide what to do分隔)

5. 同位語與先行詞分隔

(1)The question sometimes comes to my mind whether it was worth the effort.

有時我會想到這樣一個問題:是否值得花這么大氣力#65377;

(whether it was worth the effort. 是The question 的同位語從句，后置避免了句子的頭重腳輕)

(2)There is no doubt，in my opinion，that what matters is not one’s looks，but one’s inner thoughts.

在我看來，重要的不是一個人的外表，而是他的內心世界，這是毫無疑問的#65377;

(that what matters is not one’s looks，but one’s inner thoughts. 是doubt的同位語從句，被介詞短語in my opinion分開)

(3)Mr Smith left word with his assistant that he had returned to his own country for winter holidays.

史密斯先生告訴他的助手說他已經回國度寒假#65377;

(介詞短語with his assistant 將word與其同位語從句that he had returned to his own country for winter holidays分開)

6. 介詞與其賓語分隔

I am not interested in，to tell the truth，this town and its people.

實話告訴你，我對這個城市和里面的人不感興趣#65377;

(to tell the truth將介詞 in 和它的賓語this town and its people隔開)

編輯/梁宇清