信息化促進農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的思考與研究

Information technology to promote agricultural development thinking and research

The concept of information

Presentation of the information， first by the Japanese sociologist Tadao Mei in January 1963 in its “On the information industry，” raised in the article. China’s concept of information studies， 80 began in the mid-20th century. As a result of information relating to various fields， is an extension of the concept of a very wide， so the academic studies from their own point of view， the expression for the information technology will also vary. It was not until 1997 held the first national work conference on information technology， the concept should have more clearly stated: “Information is the nurturing and development of intelligent tools for the new representative of the benefit of productivity and social history process. national in the national unity of planning and organization， in agriculture， industry， science and technology， national defense， as well as all aspects of social life the application of modern information technology， in-depth development and extensive use of information resources， to accelerate the process of national modernization. ” introduced in 2006’s “2006 to 2020 national development strategy of” information technology for the formulation of more explicit: “Information is the full use of information technology， development and utilization of information resources， facilitate the exchange of information and knowledge-sharing and improve the quality of economic growth to promote the economic and social development in the historical process of transition. ”

This shows that the concept of information is not a relative concept， it does not have at all times be able to set up a character. The concept of evolution from a social perspective， at present， still more goals for the future have some meaning， it is a construction and development process.

First， agricultural information on the promotion of the role of agricultural development

(A) the process of agricultural information

In this paper， the process of agricultural information into the commercialization of agricultural information， agriculture， information industry， agriculture， information industry and information-based agricultural economy in four phases， which constitute a four-stage process of development before and after the succession， although the different countries， different regions of the agricultural time due to the development of information， conditions and environmental factors such as differences in the characteristics of different shows， which are sometimes divided into four stages are not too obvious， but from the development perspective， these four stages of the existence or basic.

1， the commercialization of agricultural information

Commercialization of agricultural information refers to as the agricultural economy and the development of information technology， there is the demand of agricultural information， so that the community had to meet the people’s demand for goods and services of agricultural information process.Agricultural commodity production， including information collection， processing， transmission， storage， display， retrieval， consultation， such as production， and agricultural information system or network.

2， the industrialization of agricultural information

The industrialization of agricultural information by the piecemeal production of agricultural information and gradually form a concentrated industry， the process of agricultural information.Of the so-called information industry， agriculture， information technology is based on agriculture， according to a specific system of agricultural information collection， processing， transmission， feedback and services form an integrated， information-based to knowledge-intensive industries， It can be characterized as an agricultural society in the emerging service independent of the tertiary industry can be classified as agriculture， industry and tertiary industry alongside a branch of the information industry， which is inevitable in rural socio-economic development trends.

3， of the agricultural industry information

The industrialization of agricultural information of the formation and development not only for their own development paved the way for agricultural development within the industry has provided a new opportunity for information technology in agriculture and agricultural information industry increasingly run the system to infiltrate the various agricultural industries aspects.Industrialization of agriculture refers to the traditional information-based industries within the agricultural production， management， design all aspects of running the information industry to the agricultural system in the wider use of agricultural information technology process， that is， the big industries of agriculture within the internal information of the small industries of specialization process.

4， of the agricultural economic information

The industrialization of agricultural information and agricultural industrialization of the complementary information in hand， so that information-based agriculture has entered a phase of information-based agricultural economy.Information on the agricultural economy of agricultural information is the advanced stage of the process， the agricultural economic and social life of the progressive realization of the process of comprehensive information.Agricultural economy with the continuous advance of information technology， human society in other areas of life will also be of the progressive realization of the information.And ultimately the achievement of “information technology in rural society” - that is， the information in rural areas of the community as a whole.

In short， information-based agricultural economy in the agricultural industry and agricultural information of the information industry had the process of complementarity.Traditional agriculture industry due to the infiltration of agricultural information and the promotion of industry have been modified， and the depth direction， the realization of industrial upgrading and modernization， which the industrialization of agricultural information has provided the material basis for a more powerful and the development of space; agricultural information industry as a result of traditional agricultural support industries to the breadth of the rapid development of the larger growing industries， the traditional agricultural industry for the development of further technical and operational support system to promote the traditional agricultural industry to develop faster.The process of agricultural economic information the final of the information industry in the agricultural industry and agricultural information and promote each other to achieve.

(B) information technology application in agriculture areas

1， agricultural production， information technology

(1) of factors of production information

Information technology in the agricultural environment， play a decisive role is no longer a land， capital， but the information to improve agricultural productivity， mainly rely on the workers is no longer physical， but the wisdom and knowledge.Information technology， biotechnology， and other high-tech sensor technology is widely used in agricultural production has greatly increased the land， capital utilization and management efficiency.Such as arable land， water resources and ecological environment， weather and environmental information resources and the environment through remote sensing， aerial survey， geographic information systems， global positioning system monitoring of agricultural resources， as well as a variety of facilities and equipment of the interaction between the composition of a complete， orderly， efficient operation of information systems in agriculture so that farmers in time according to environment， changes in meteorological conditions， reasonable arrangement of production activities in order to effectively prevent and reduce natural disasters.

(2) the production of tools and means of production information

To communications technology， computer technology， microelectronic technology， automation technology， opto-electronics technology， optical technology， artificial intelligence technology and control technology and other advanced production technology represented by information technology to infiltrate the various fields of agricultural production has become the principal means of agricultural production.For example， the United States has been able to use computer technology， electronic Internet， satellite ground positioning systems， laser measurement devices， television and other high-tech sensors， the completion of fertilization， weeding， irrigation， harvesting， shipping， storage， milking， shearing and other agricultural production activities， able to show the Field to determine the exact amount of water， fertilizer， production data， and by the level of harvest， picking crops.

2， of the agricultural management information

(1) the operation and management of information technology in agriculture

Business and agriculture-related policies and regulations， economic situation， national income， investment in fixed assets， material purchase and sale， price changes， such as capital flows reflect the status and trends of economic development， as well as a variety of resources to the configuration information of all forms of digital resources on the Internet issued to farmers to keep abreast of policy and market information， in full accordance with market demand and choose to produce and sell varieties of products， information to avoid problems caused by the ups and downs of agricultural markets.

(2) Agricultural Research Management Information System

Through the national information network of agricultural science and technology， agricultural science and technology personnel timely dissemination to farmers of new technologies in agriculture， new agricultural technology to speed up the dissemination and transformation.Farmers can also be the system of expert advice to the experts， to strengthen agricultural research and production of information between the communication and is conducive to improving their ability to master science and technology and standards.

3， rural social life of information technology

Of rural social life of information refers to wireless communications， Internet and multimedia technology integration and to infiltrate the daily life of peasants， family information， social management of information services and information technology in rural areas.

(1) Family information

Information of the family is an integrated system， which through the utilization of advanced computer technology， network communication technology， control technology and graphics imaging technology， and relying on community broadband networks， with the home life of the co-ordination of various sub-systems management， intelligent home and providing a comfortable， safe， efficient and environmentally-friendly living environment.

(2) community-based management information

Changes in the rural population， education， science and technology penetration， the income level of farmers， rural roads， energy， health， the rural residents of the housing construction， the development of small towns in rural socio-economic information such as the achievement of national and regional computer network for government departments at all levels of national and accurate grasp of the rural social and economic change， in order to make timely adjustments and the development of relevant policies.

(3) of rural services

Provide farmers with education and training， spending the people’s livelihood， cultural activities， public knowledge， life knowledge and information application platform， to enhance the level of education and training of farmers， universal access to social knowledge， rich in cultural and recreational life of farmers， for rural life of a child’s learning and provide a vast new space， and for farmers to facilitate the daily life.

(C) information on the promotion of the role of agricultural development

Information technology applications in agriculture as the main performance of the agricultural technical information (such as precision agriculture information)， agri-environmental information (such as climate prediction， pest and disease monitoring)， agricultural management information (such as transaction information of agricultural products) and so on.

1， means of information technology in the agricultural information on the promotion of the role of agricultural development

Agricultural Technology Information is a multiplier of agricultural production.Information technology is today’s fastest-growing high-tech， but in terms of information technology itself， it is only a tool only and the combination of other industries in order to truly become the development of traditional industries multiplier.Combination of information technology and agriculture can also play a double role.

(1) information technology applications in agricultural production.Information technology in agricultural production， at present mainly in four aspects， namely， crop growth simulation model， the agricultural expert system， real-time control system of agricultural production and crop yield estimation by remote sensing.Crop growth simulation expertise and the use of mathematical models for analysis by computer simulation of crop growth process， to help resolve the issue of diversity and uncertainty， (2) of information technology in promoting agricultural research and technology application.China’s agricultural scientific research projects have been completed and the computer management system， China’s agricultural literature databases， scientific and technological achievements of China’s agriculture bank， China’s agricultural research projects database， the database， such as practical skills in agriculture.“Network Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，” has been completed， and with the Ministry of Agriculture， the National Science and Technology Commission， the international information network interconnection， contributed greatly to the promotion of China’s agricultural science and technology and its development， so that leaders at all levels， agricultural science and technology through the computer network will be able to understanding of domestic and foreign scientific and technological developments， the level and trends， have set up research projects and progress， the promotion of agricultural scientific research and application of research projects for the title of the legislation， to provide a very effective means， so farmers can easily obtain what they need scientific and technical information， wealth of information.

2， information tools in the agricultural environment information on the promotion of the role of agricultural development

Agri-environmental information is the direction of the lightning rod for agricultural production.Information technology in the agricultural resources and the environment’s role.Information technology can quickly find out all kinds of agricultural resources and their distribution， understanding and knowledge of environmental conditions; of limited agricultural resources and the effective monitoring of environmental change; predict various measures of agricultural resources and the potential impact of the environment， rational resource the development and utilization， protection of ecological environment.

3， information means the information in the agricultural operation on agricultural development to promote the role of

Agricultural management information is the distribution of agricultural products of clairvoyance.To master the laws of the market through the use of information means to reduce food risks， the establishment of early warning information system of agricultural risks for the operation and management of agricultural products to provide timely， accurate， reliable， comprehensive agricultural information.

Second， the grass-roots level of development of agricultural information

(A) of agricultural information in cases of domestic development

Party Plenum of the proposed building a new socialist countryside of great historical task of building a new socialist countryside as an important content of the construction of agricultural information has been of great importance at all levels， specifically the Ministry of Information Industry issued a “ on promoting the building of new socialist countryside views ”， was held to promote the building of new socialist rural work conference， the information industry to full-service“ three rural ”has made a specific deployment.How will the construction of agricultural information and the development of organic agriculture combine to Huanggang as an example for analysis.

1， Huanggang development of agricultural information of their own conditions

Agriculture in each region should be in accordance with its own set of characteristics， regional agriculture in a reasonable position and division of labor will determine the development of rational economic health.Is the establishment of a comprehensive reform of national aspirations of the region through the development of modern agriculture， promote more regional development.

2， the comprehensive reform of the opportunities brought by the pilot area

Wuhan “1 +8” city circle two pilot area-based society is granted， the Wuhan city circle will become a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society building comprehensive reform pilot area， the pilot area to speed up the construction of the correct handling of industrialization and the development of modern agriculture the development of heavy industries and new industries， focusing on speeding up the development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industry development， and foster growth of small and medium-sized enterprises， to do a good job overall with the typical focus on overall planning and step-by-step forward， focused and comprehensive， all - provincial co-ordination and the classification is responsible for four combination of benefit from the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure， energy-saving emission reduction， conservation of land-intensive， technology and economic integration， infrastructure sharing and build a rational allocation of public resources to co-ordinate economic and social development in urban and rural areas to strengthen financial support to expand the internal opening to the outside world， changing the way the administration of nine innovative institutional mechanisms to do a good job.

3， Agricultural Information on the promotion of agricultural development Huanggang

Through the use of modern information technology and information guide， can promote the improvement of the level of agricultural science and technology， promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure of agriculture， promotion of agricultural infrastructure construction and development to improve the environment， promote agricultural growth and competitiveness enhancement， promotion of agricultural comprehensive， coordinated and sustainable development.Through the use of network technology， can build the transmission of information between urban and rural areas， to achieve information sharing， improve the efficiency of the use of information， between urban and rural areas to reduce the imbalance of information， which led to the problem of asymmetry.

(B) the construction of agricultural information and learn from international experience

Abroad during the construction of agricultural information accumulated a lot of high value from the experience of Japan and South Korea are China’s neighbors in East Asia， and its agricultural resources， business， agriculture， technology， culture， tradition and there are many similarities in our country， this article mainly in Japan and South Korea as an example the construction of agricultural information summed up the basic experience， with a view to give us more insight.

Third， the construction of agricultural information content

(A) Agriculture Information Network

1， an integrated agricultural information network construction

National and local agricultural information department of agriculture established a comprehensive information portal based on the formation of an integrated agricultural information network， to provide farmers with the agricultural policies， laws and regulations， domestic and international agricultural economic situation and development trend of supply and demand information of agricultural products， and information analysis， information consultation， information navigation and other services.

2， professional information network

Development of professional web site to the agricultural enterprises and agriculture specialized households， the provision of targeted information services.For example， monitor the network area of animal husbandry.

3， network construction of agricultural enterprises

Agricultural institutions， agricultural research institutes and agricultural enterprises in the domestic network to provide information services at the same time， agricultural science and technology should also provide products， information products， agricultural materials and agricultural information services， and the progressive realization of distance education， Internet consulting and technology the results of online marketing services.

(B) agricultural information resources

1， the construction of agricultural infrastructure database

To agriculture as the foundation of a unified database of construction standards and building a number of a certain scale agriculture as the foundation of public databases， such as: land resources database， a database of water resources， climate resources database， a database of biological resources， agricultural production database， the results of agricultural research and database rural economic and social database.

2， into the corresponding directory information resource sharing system and to provide online services

Agricultural information resources around the universal demand for the content of combing the agricultural share information to create the directory system of agricultural information resources， provide universal sharing of agricultural information services community.Genetic breeding， plant protection， crop management， soil nutrients， irrigation drainage， animal husbandry and veterinary medicine， agricultural resources， production and environmental protection and economic management and the latest developments in scientific and technological results through web-based platform to serve the community.

3， both at home and abroad to introduce and share the major agricultural database

Major agricultural database at home and abroad have their own strong points， before the introduction of a database of relevant information to obtain a large number of databases is the basis of evaluation and selection， through a deeper understanding， than the right， on this basis according to actual demand and provider of database products to select and reasonable to introduce domestic and international databases， the realization of complementary data sources to enhance the level of shared services.

Fourth， the construction of agricultural information strategy analysis

(A) actively promote the development of agricultural information resources and utilization of

Information resources related to China’s future strategic resources development and utilization of its great economic and social benefits.At present， China’s agricultural development and utilization of information resources is still at the initial stage， the Government should give full play to the functions of information services， information resources on the overall agricultural development and agricultural information technology infrastructure for unified planning and arrangements， through the Government’s guidance， the organization and control， to vigorously promote agricultural development and utilization of information resources.

1， the development of agricultural information resources to build a reasonable model

The development of information resources to create information products aimed at providing information services， which constitute a resource of information， what information resources should be developed， it is necessary to consider the needs of users there， as well as the strength of demand.Therefore the development of information resources to comply with the principle of demand-driven， carefully study the information needs of people， the kind of change the past been limited by the resources available to provide the information model (that is， from the information resources - processing - information) to a market-oriented information information on resource allocation model (that is， from market research - Information resources - processing - information)， to increase the availability of information.

2， the harmonization of agricultural information resources to develop norms and standards， to achieve the sharing of information resources

Agricultural information in China are scattered in different departments related to management， information resource development co-ordination， causing users and information officers at a loss， not only to the production operators to access and use of information cause inconvenience， it will be difficult to meet the Government to strengthen macro-control requirements.The departments concerned to speed up agricultural information standards development and implementation of process， the right to grasp the information needs of various users， based on indicators of agricultural information on the existing classification system integration， information system of agricultural information within a reasonable acquisition channels norms， gradually establish a collection of standards and norms of agriculture， released a unified system.At the same time， agriculture-related departments to establish mechanisms for exchange of information sharing and promoting the various departments of agriculture-related information resources integration and integration to achieve compatibility of agriculture-related public data and shared.

(B) promote the agricultural development of the information industry

1， the support from the policies and regulations to foster agricultural information industry

Agricultural information industry has shown the initial development of its agricultural development of China’s strong support for the role， but the basic national conditions of large agricultural country， China’s information industry development in agriculture is lagging behind， which requires us to establish agricultural information industry in the economy as a whole and the information industry in an important position， and actively support private enterprises to enter the agricultural information service industry.In order to protect the health of China’s information industry， agriculture and efficient development， we must pay attention to policy support:

(1) In connection with the actual development of a number of other laws and regulations， industry standards and the implementation details of the market as a means of enhancing the information and information management industry and protect the healthy development of information industry.

(2) at all levels of government to establish a series of preferential policies to support agricultural development in the information industry， such as the implementation of the investment in low-interest or subsidized loans， the introduction of tax relief in the tax policy and a series of high-tech industries enjoy preferential policies .

(3) The Government should increase the existing laws and regulations， the implementation of the system， and strengthen protection of intellectual property rights.

2， nurture and develop the agricultural commodity market information

The industrialization of agricultural information can not be separated from the formation of the agricultural information market and development.China’s commodity market information to focus on cities， it is necessary to actively cultivate the grass-roots information on agricultural market， and focus on doing the following: First， to cultivate a group of agricultural commodity producers of information， namely， the development of agricultural information resources， and agricultural information products manufacturers and developers of agricultural information services， they are to take advantage of market information to consumers of agricultural goods and services， the supply side; second is to train a group of agricultural information of consumer goods.At present， agricultural information of consumer goods， mainly agricultural large township enterprises and agricultural scientific and technical personnel， they are goods and services of agricultural information demand side.Third， establish and improve intermediary services organizations， agricultural information.At the same time， as soon as possible the establishment and improvement of national and regional agricultural information market， and gradually form a market-based grass-roots information， local information market as the backbone of the national information market as the leading multi-level market.

(C) to train high-quality agricultural information personnel

Own and develop a number of abundant， high quality， well-structured quality agricultural information personnel， information technology in China’s agricultural development.Speed up the establishment of the training of agricultural information mechanism， incentive mechanism and the mechanism of competition， the level of training of international personnel is a priority of the information.

1， the establishment of mechanisms for agricultural information personnel training

The agricultural colleges and universities in the current new situation should be adjusted to the professional to develop information management degree in agriculture and expand the enrollment of students， so that our undergraduate teaching personnel training in agriculture the main channel for information.In personnel training should be far to update the concept， and strive to cultivate both a solid agricultural knowledge， and information processing capacity of more complex talent.Short-term in-service training and professional skills training to education to improve the quality of information on an effective form.The main methods are: first， to undertake a comprehensive training， organization of agricultural information on-the-job through job training， more comprehensive study of information science and agriculture-related knowledge; second is a multi-level， multi-use form of short courses， correspondence courses ， technical lectures， theory seminars， experience-sharing sessions， etc.， to carry out short-term training lively; Third， the establishment of institutions in the information education and training of personnel mechanisms， such as job training， on-the-job training， retraining， as well as computers， foreign languages， user psychology， special training in etiquette， such as public relations.

2 and improve the agricultural information management professionals

Utilized to establish only make the best use of the talent competition， the mobile incentive mechanism to promote the rational use of human resources and mobility， efforts to create an environment conducive to the flow and the introduction of talent， a good environment to retain talent.Through a variety of favorable terms to attract an excellent group of highly qualified information technology professionals to engage in information work， and for them to create a better environment for their information collection， collation， processing and analysis of the role of team stability and prevent brain drain， existing information and give full play to the role of human resources.

(D) the construction of agricultural information to improve the external environment

Information instead of relying solely on agriculture for a certain department or a specific industry can be achieved， and it is a complicated systematic project， involving all aspects of the national economy.Therefore necessary to have a central role of the sector to more effective co-ordination arrangements.According to overseas experience， in the process of agricultural information plays a key role in promoting.The Government should make clear the identity of its own leading role， it is necessary to focus on research， scientific planning， organizational leadership and supervision of up process.At the same time， the Government should gradually the construction of agricultural information services of the functions of some relief to the industry associations and other social groups， to focus time and energy in agriculture information technology strategy and policy research organization， and leadership argues， engaged in the implementation of the policy monitoring and non-conventional the management of major projects， which is the establishment of government-led system of agriculture of the key information.

2， the development and improvement of information policies and regulations

China’s information policy-making still exist many problems， such as information policy and imperfect channel feedback， information policy objective fuzzy， poor coordination， lack of authoritative information for policy formulation and management of institutions.These issues should be prepared for the following: to strengthen the basic theory of Information Policy Studies in Methods， to improve the management of national information policy and information policy of the feedback system， focusing on the implementation of information policy and information and evaluation of research policy coordination to form the perfect national information policy system; building regulations in the information form the information should be the general framework of the legal system in order to have a plan， step by step， gradually establish and improve China’s legal system information， the information industry of China’s agricultural development to create a favorable external environment .

V. CONCLUSIONS

With the development of information technology and information society， the application of information technology will promote agricultural production and management of revolutionary changes to China’s agricultural development opportunity.To insist on using information technology to stimulate industrialization of agriculture， changing the mode of growth of agricultural efficiency， improve resource utilization and labor productivity， the agricultural high-tech path， good economic returns， low resource consumption， less environmental pollution， human resources are fully to play， man and nature co-ordination of sustainable development.

References:

Mei Fangquan， “agricultural information technology to stimulate the strategic analysis of agricultural modernization，” “China’s Rural Economy”， 1992 5.

Mei Fangquan， “agriculture Information Engineering Technology - in the 21st World Series of agricultural engineering and technology”， Henan Science and Technology Press， December 2000.

Xue Liang， Fang Yu， “Agricultural Information” and Core Pacific Press， 1998.

作者簡介：任河，女，1978-9-27，籍貫浙江平陽，工作單位：浙江育英職業(yè)技術(shù)學院民航與旅游分院教師。