在英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中,往往只有幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的提示,許多學(xué)生繞不出這幾個(gè)漢字的怪圈,拓展不了思路。更有一些學(xué)生由于受到漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,進(jìn)行詞與詞的對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯,致使寫(xiě)出來(lái)的句子沒(méi)有新意,或者出現(xiàn)低級(jí)的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。句子的表達(dá)并不等于簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯,如果我們學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用“變通”手法,那效果就截然不同,給我們的寫(xiě)作增色不少。
例如,在寫(xiě)作中,我們常常會(huì)遇到“環(huán)保”這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,我們可以從哪些方面來(lái)靈活變通呢?
一、選詞的變通
在遣詞造句的時(shí)候,我們可以使用相同或者相近意思的詞來(lái)替換自己沒(méi)有把握或可能拼錯(cuò)的詞。如:
1. It’s our duty/responsibility to protect the environment.
如果我們對(duì)responsibility的拼寫(xiě)沒(méi)有把握,就可以用duty來(lái)替換。
2. It’s significant to protect our environment.
能替代句中significant的詞還有不少,如:vital /very important /of great importance等。
3. Think twice before you do something harmful to our environment.
同樣,句中harmful可以用unfriendly代替。
另外,我們也可以用不同的詞性來(lái)表達(dá)同一個(gè)中文意思。如:
1. Everyone is able to do something for environmental protection. (“環(huán)保”的名詞用法)
2. Everyone is able to do something to protect the environment. (“環(huán)保”的動(dòng)詞用法)
所以,在選詞時(shí)通過(guò)變通,找一個(gè)自己有把握而又有特色的詞匯是重要的。
二、句式的變通
通過(guò)變化句型,我們可以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確表達(dá),展示實(shí)力,制造亮點(diǎn)的目的。例如:
1. 各類復(fù)合句。
(1)There is no doubt that we should protect the environment.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
(2)It is our belief that our efforts will result in a better environment.(主語(yǔ)從句)
(3)Let’s try our best to protect the environment before it is too late.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
(1)We demand that everyone should play a role in protecting the environment.
(2)It is our suggestion that everyone contribute to environmental protection.
(3)Isn’t it time that we stopped damaging our environment ?
3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1. Every possible effort should be make to protect our environment.
2. Measures should be taken to protect the environment.
3. We should make sure that our environment is well protected.
4. 運(yùn)用各種加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的句型。
1. It is your participation that will make a difference in protecting the environment.(it is...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
2. We do have a responsibility to protect the environment.(助動(dòng)詞do強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
3. The importance of environmental protection cannot be overemphasized.(雙重否定句)
4. Only with everyone’s participation will we win the battle for better environment.(倒裝句)
5. Why not do something to stop the environment from getting worse? (反問(wèn)句)
6. How I wish everyone would take the lead in protecting the environment!(感嘆句)
三、表達(dá)內(nèi)容的變通
其實(shí),很多時(shí)候我們要表達(dá)的意思并不要求逐字逐句地翻譯出來(lái),在自己無(wú)法表達(dá)或表達(dá)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)也可以通過(guò)變通,迂回地表達(dá),找一個(gè)近似的內(nèi)容來(lái)替代。除了關(guān)鍵詞之外,我們也可以增添一些合理的內(nèi)容,使得我們的句子豐滿,更富有血肉。上面的許多例句都可以說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn),其中“stop the environment from getting worse”與“stop damaging our environment”就是迂回表達(dá)。再如:
We should combine our efforts to protect the environment to make our planet a better place to live on.
此處的combine our efforts 和make our planet a better place to live on就可以使句子內(nèi)容充實(shí),也是“環(huán)保”這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。如果只寫(xiě)成“We should protect the environment.”,則過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單而遜色。
當(dāng)然,要做到靈活變通并非一朝一夕之功,學(xué)生平時(shí)如能積累詞匯與基本句型,增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)思維來(lái)組織句子,時(shí)間一長(zhǎng),寫(xiě)作時(shí)則運(yùn)用自如,游刃有余。
責(zé)任編校蔣小青