中考詞匯題題型透視及解題

隨著課改的不斷深入和中考命題的不斷創新，各地中考詞匯題不再單純考查考生的詞匯拼寫能力，而是進一步突出考查考生運用所學詞匯進行語言交際的能力，涉及到詞匯、時態、語態及習慣用法等多方面的知識，是對考生記憶、理解、分析、綜合應用等各項能力的全面檢測。為幫助同學們備戰2010年中考，現對詞匯部分相關考點及解題思路作精講，并提供部分試題供同學們考前熱身。

典型題例

[題型一] 根據句意和首字母提示寫出單詞。

—Look! The boy is running so fast!

—It’s hard to i _______ that his right leg was once broken. (鹽城)

[題型二] 根據句意和漢語提示，在空白處填入適當的單詞。

On April 23rd， World Reading Day， Premier Wen Jiabao made a speech at the National Library in Beijing. He _______(鼓勵)Chinese people to read more.(連云港)

[題型三] 根據句意和括號中的英文釋義，寫出句中所缺單詞，使句子通順。

My cousin is studying in Beijing， so we _______(not very often) see each other now. (南通)

[題型四] 根據句子意思，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。

Susan’s _______ (hobby) include reading， cooking and swimming. (徐州)

常見考點

綜觀近年各地試題，中考詞匯題常見的考點可歸納為:

一、名詞——主要考查名詞的可數與不可數、單數與復數、所有格、固定搭配、拼寫較長或不規則的單詞、專有名詞首字母的大小寫等內容。

二、動詞——主要考查動詞的時態、語態及人稱和數的變化;非謂語動詞主要考查現在分詞、過去分詞及不定式等。有時考查中文中一個詞，而在英語中卻需多個詞與之對應，要結合語境選用恰當的動詞情況。

三、形容詞和副詞——主要考查兩種詞性的區別、轉換規則;形容詞、副詞同體(如:fast， early);形容詞、副詞的原形、比較級和最高級的用法以及具有同一含義的兩種形容詞的區別(如alone和lonely)等。

四、數詞——主要考查基數詞和序數詞的區別、固定搭配、習慣用語、易拼錯的數詞等。

五、介詞——主要考查與介詞有關的固定搭配，以及一些易混介詞的區別等。

解題思路

筆者在教學實踐中根據題型一的特點總結出“四定解題法”，希望有助于同學們形成科學的解題思路。

[題例1]How long can I k _______ the library book?

[題例2]In Changsha it’s very hot in summer and very c _______ in winter.

[題例3]I went to the hospital this morning and Doctor Smith gave me some m.

[題例4]We all know forty-five minutes is three q .

[題例5]The Yellow River is the second l one in China.

[步驟1]定義:通讀全句掌握其大意，并借助于首字母確定所填詞匯的含義。

[簡析]題例1:在圖書館借書，常問書能借多長時間，因此，結合首字母“k”，該句可定義為:圖書館的書我能“借”多久?

題例2:長沙的夏天很炎熱，因此，結合首字母“c”，該句可定義為:長沙的夏天很熱而冬天非常“冷”。

題例3:去醫院看病，醫生常會開藥治病，因此結合首字母“m”，該句可定義為:今天早晨我去醫院看病，史密斯醫生給我開了一些“藥”。

題例4:這是一道常識題，結合首字母“q”，該句可定義為:眾所周知45分鐘就是三“刻”鐘。

題例5:黃河是中華民族的母親河，也是中國第二條最長的河流。結合首字母“l”，該句可定義為:黃河是中國第二條“最長”的河流。

[步驟2]定性:根據空格在全句所處的位置，特別是依據空格前后的單詞，分析句子成分，確定所填詞的詞性。

①動詞作謂語。題例1中，句子缺少謂語，應填動詞。

②形容詞作表語或定語。題例2中，形容詞作表語;題例5中，形容詞作定語。

③名詞作主語、賓語或表語。題例3中，名詞作賓語;題例4中，名詞作表語。

[步驟3]定形:在確定好所填詞匯的詞義、詞性的基礎上，再確定所填詞匯的適當形式。

①如要填的是動詞，則應注意其時態、語態及主謂一致等。特別應注意的是，漢語中的一個詞有多個英語單詞和其相對應時，應根據題目要求來確定應選詞匯。如題例1中，“借”在初中英語中共有“borrow， lend和keep”這三個詞，但根據題意，可知how long是對“一段時間狀語”提問，所以只能選用延續性動詞keep。

②形容詞、副詞應注意原級、比較級和最高級的使用。如題例2中，very后應接形容詞cold的原級;題例5中，應用形容詞long的最高級。

③名詞應注意其所有格及單復數。其中名詞的單復數可通過以下方法來判斷:

a.看修飾語。 b.看主謂一致。 c.可數名詞若無單數修飾語一律用復數。 d.看其他暗示。如:題例3中，medicine是不可數名詞;題例4中，quarter前有復數修飾語three，故應填復數quarters.

[步驟4]定答案:在確定好所填詞匯的詞義、詞性和詞形后，最終確定試題的答案。

要正確地拼寫單詞，應注意下列幾點:

①注意單詞的大小寫。學科、月份、國籍及一些專有名詞的首字母應大寫，在抄寫答案時不能改為小寫。

②注意單詞最末字母是否要雙寫。如:stop的過去式是stopped。

③注意拼寫復雜的單詞，不能與其他詞混淆。如:tired和tried; quiet和quite。

經過上述四步，試題答案已基本確定。如時間允許，同學們可以把答案放到題目中作進一步檢查，看看全句前后是否符合邏輯，意思是否通順連貫;即使時間很緊，也應檢查一下單詞的拼寫是否符合規范，答案與對應的題號是否一致等。

題型二、題型三和題型四的解題方法可參照上法的第二、三、四步。

復習指南

首先，從考綱所提供的“四會”詞匯中將名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、數詞和介詞挑選出來，從而縮小所需復習詞匯的范圍，以提高復習效率。

其次，將這些詞匯再進行分類。如名詞可按題材內容歸類為時間類(季節、月份、星期名稱等)，自然類(江、河、湖、洋等)等。這樣進行分類復習，可以避免機械、無效的記憶。

接著，從詞的音、形、義以及詞的搭配和組合、詞的活用和辨析等諸多方面，來掌握這些詞的典型用法，熟記一些例句。特別是要加強對那些常用、易拼錯、字母較多或容易遺忘的單詞的記憶。

最后，在考前進行適當的專項訓練，形成解題能力。這也是一種行之有效的應試方法。

總之，絕大多數的中考詞匯題都體現了對單詞考查的語境化，具有容量大、知識覆蓋面廣等特點。要做好該題型，考生既要具備扎實的單詞拼寫能力，又要形成適當的應試策略和解題方法。

迎考專練

A) 根據句子意思，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。

1. —Why is the boy so _______ (patient)?

—Because he has waited for his friend for a long time.

2. Simon is _______ (good) at English than anyone else in his class.

3. —Why do you think that the young man is strange?

—Because he hates to be like others， and does everything _______(difference).

4. “Once you made a _______(decide)，you’d better not change it easily，” the mother said to her son.

5. I have never read such a good book before. I believe it is worth _______(read) twice.

6. —Zhang Yimou is one of the greatest _______(direct) in our country.

—That’s right. He is almost famous to everyone in China.

7. What a _______ (surprise) ending. You’ll find the murderer is a policeman at the end of the film.

8. As we all know Prime Zhou Enlai devoted all his lifetime to _______(work) for Chinese people.

9. It’s reported that the victim was killed by a gun and bled to _______(die) in the end.

10. When autumn comes，the _______(leaf) on this kind of trees always turn red.

B)根據句意及漢語提示，拼寫單詞，使句子完整、正確。

1. — I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.

— God!I have no idea，_______(也).

2. It is reported that _______(千) of people in that province are suffering from the H1N1 flu.

3. —Which is _______(遠) from Shanxi， Guangzhou or Beijing?

—Guangzhou.

4. I’m sorry that I can’t _______(借) my bike to you. It’s broken.

5. It’s well-known that paper-making is one of the greatest _______ (發明) of ancient China.

6. —Why don’t you take the bike， Henry?

—It’s too expensive. I can’t _______(買得起) it.

7. Yang Fen _______(花費) every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old people’s home.

8. —What’s your cousin busy doing now?

—Oh， he is _______(訂購) a digital camera online.

9. — How beautiful your hometown is!

—Yes， a number of trees are _______(栽) around Yancheng every year.

10. Look at the sky! The kites are flying so _______(高) that they look like small birds.

C)根據句意及首字母提示補全單詞，使句子完整、正確。

1. —I think that animals should live in zoos.

—I d_______with you. They’d better live in the natural forests.

2. As we all know J_______ is the seventh month of a year.

3. —It’s our duty to protect the e .

—That’s right. We need a clean and beautiful world.

4. Please change a skirt for me. I don’t like red. In fact， I like all colours e _______ this.

5. It’s reported that a young man r _______ an old man of lots of money on a busy street yesterday.

6. The air in that small village is very clean. So you can see a r _______ after a heavy rain in summer there.

7. —Why are you so s_______ this morning?

—Because I watched TV until 11 o’clock last night and got up very early this morning.

8. Many students of my age feel stressed， and I think that one major c _______ of stress is homework.

9. — Taking a walk in the evening is a good h.

— So it is. It keeps us healthy.

10. Normally， water boils at a t _______ of 100℃.

D)根據句意和括號中的英文釋義寫出句中所缺單詞，使句子通順。

1. —The air _______(the state of being dirty) in our city is serious.

—That’s right. Something must be done to stop it.

2. The climbers tried to find a new _______ (a way to go from one place to another) to the top of the mountain， but they failed in the end.

3. The brave young man rushed into the fire and _______(kept someone safe from danger) the little girl.

4. —Help yourself to some _______ (delicious;nice) fish.

—Yes， thanks.

5. Our English teacher always _______(strongly advise) us to speak more English in his class.

6. Luckily， the old man _______(continued to live) after the earthquake.

7. I don’t think it’s necessay for the parents to _______(give something to someone) everything for their children.

8. —Why did the girl _______(shout loudly)?

—Because she saw a snake just now.

9. When the people there _______(got to know and understand something) the sandstorm was a very serious problem， they took action to plant many trees at once.

10. —Are you a basketball _______(people who likes somebody or something very much)?

—Yes. And Yao Ming is my favorite player.

參考答案

A) 1. impatient2. better3. differently4. decision5. reading6. directors7. surprising8. working9. death10. leaves

B) 1. either2. thousands3. farther4. lend5. inventions6. afford7. spends8. ordering9. planted10. high

C) 1. disagree2. July3. environment4. except5. robbed6. rainbow 7. sleepy8. cause9. habit10. temperature

D) 1. pollution2. route3. saved4. tasty5. encourages6. survived7. provide8. scream9. realized10. fan