院士風采

余瑞璜1906.3.10～1997.5.19

物理學家。江西宜黃人。1929年畢業于南京東南大學。1937年獲英國曼徹斯特大學理學博士學位。吉林大學教授。主要從事x射線晶體學、金屬物理、固體物理理論等方面的研究與教學并取得突出成就。30年代研制出中國第一臺蓋革計數器。1942年創立x射線晶體結構分析新綜合法，被國際晶體學界譽為國際上第一流晶體學家。40年代研制出中國第一臺抽氣式x光機。1950年研制出中國第一支醫用封閉式x光管。70年代在固體與分子經驗電子理論研究方面獲重要成果。在培養科學人才方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Yihuang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Dongnan University, Nanjing in 1929. Received Sc.D. from Manchest University , UK in 1937. Professor, Jilin University.

Yu is mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields of X-ray crystallography, metal physics and solid physics and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1930s, he developed China’s first Geiger counter. In 1942, he established a new synthesis method of X-ray crystal structure analysis and therefore was regarded as the first class crystallographist in the world. He also developed China’s first pumped X-ray generator in the 1940s and first pumped X-ray tube for medical use in the 1950s. In the 1970s, he made important successes in empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules. He also contributed a lot to the training of scientefic personnel.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

張鈺哲1902.2.16～1986.7.21

天文學家。福建閩侯人。1926年畢業于美國芝加哥大學天文學系。1929年獲葉凱士天文臺天文學博士學位。中國科學院紫金山天文臺研究員、臺長、名譽臺長。1928年發現1125號小行星，命名為“中華”。30多年來拍攝和領導拍攝到7000多次小行星和彗星的精確位置，發現80多顆小行星和3顆命名為“紫金山”的新彗星。1957年初應用天體力學基礎理論對人造衛星軌道問題作了開創性研究。開創并領導了多個領域天文學 研究，取得多項重要成果。在天文學史研究、天文儀器研制、天文科普、推進學術交流等方面作了大量工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Astronomer. Born in Minghou, Fujian province. Grakuated from the Department of Astronommy University of Chicago in 1926. Rcecived Ph.D. in astronomics from Yerkes Observatory in 1929. Research professor, director and honorary director, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of sciences.

Zhang discovered the asteroid, No. 1125, and named as“China”. In more than 30 years, he observed and was in charge of the observation of the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets and discovered over 80asteroids and 3 new comets which were named as “Tsuchinshan”. In the early 1957,he made original research on the orbits of artificial satellites with the fundamental theories of celestial mechanics. He opened up and led the astronomical research in several fields and obtained a number of important achievements. He conducted a great amount of research on the astronomical history, astronomical instrument design and astronomical popular science and promoted academic exchange and cooperation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

陸學善1905.9.21～1981.5.20

物理學家、晶體學家。浙江湖州人。1928年畢業于南京東南大學，1933年清華大學研究員研究生畢業。1936年獲英國曼徹斯特大學物理學博士學位。中國科學院物理研究所研究員、代所長、顧問。主要從事晶體物理學和X射線晶體學的研究，是中國晶體物理學研究的主要創始人之一和X射線晶體學研究隊伍的主要創建人。早年首創的利用晶體點陣常數測定相圖中固溶度線的方法，至今仍被廣泛采用。50年代發表《鋁、銅、鎳三元合金系中τ相的晶體結構變遷》重要論文，獲國內外同行高度評價。在應用X射線多晶粉末法研究晶體結構和合金相圖等方面作出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physicist and crystallographer.Born in Huzhou,Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Dongnan University,Nanjing in 1928.Finished postgraduate study in the Graduate School, Tsinghua University in 1933. Received doctor of physics from Manchester University, UK in 1936. Research professor, actingdiredtor and advisor, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Lu was mainly engaged in the research on crystal physics and X-ray crystallography. He was one of the primary originators of crystal physics study in China and the chief founder of China’s research contingent for X-ray crystallography. In his early years, he initiated the method for the determination of solid solubility curves in a phase diagram by using crystal lattice constants, which is still used today. In the 1950s, he pubished the paper “Crystal Structure Changes in the τ-Phase of Aluminum-Copper-Nickel Alloys”, winiing great reputation from his colleagues both at home and abroad. Hh also made important contributions to the study of crystal structures and alloy phase diagrams by applying X-ray multi-crystal powder diffraction techniques.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

陳建功1893.9.8～1971.4.11

數學家。浙江紹興人。1916年畢業于日本東京高等工業學校和東京物理學校；1921年畢業于日本東北帝國大學；1929年獲日本東北帝國大學理學博士學位。1948年當選為中央研究院院士。杭州大學教授、副校長。主要從事實變函數論、復變函數論和微分方程等方面的研究與教學工作，是中國數學界公認的權威、函數論方面的學科帶頭人和許多分支研究的開拓者，同時也是一位卓有成就的教育家。20年代獨立解決了函數可以用絕對收斂的三角級數來表示等根本性數學問題，得到了關于無條件收斂的判別理論。在指導青年教師和學生開展科學研究、培養人才、發展教育方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Tokyo Advanced School of Technolohy and Tokyo School of Physics, Japan in 1916 and from the Northeastern Imperial University, Japan in 1921. Received Sc.D. from the Graduate School of the University in 1929. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor and president, Zhejiang University.

Chen was mainly engaged in the research and education in the theoty of real and complex variable function and differential equations. He was generally acknowledged as the authoritative master in the Chinese mathematics circle, field forerunner in function theory, founder of the studies of many branches of mathematics and a very fruitful educationist. In the 1920s, he independently solved some fundamental mathematical problems such as functions which can be expressed by trigonometric series which are absolutely convergent, and achieved the discrimination theory of nonconditional convergence. He also made enormous contributions in guiding youg teachers and students to carry out scientific research, training qualified personnel and promoting Chinese educational progress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.