2010年全國各地高考英語完形填空題分類解析(二)

八、語言學習

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(2010遼寧卷)When I first entered university， my aunt， who is an English professor， gave me a new English dictionary. I was 1 to see that it was an English dictionary， also known as a monolingual dictionary. Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners， none of my classmates had one but， to be honest， I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the 3 bilingual dictionaries， in which the words are 4 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt5 to make things so difficult for me. Now， after studying English at university for three years， I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language

As I found out， there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(對應)between two 8 in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to 9 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English!11 ， she insisted that I read the definition(定義) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.12， I have come to see what she meant.

Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 13 number of words， around 2， 000， in its definitions. When I read these definitions， I am14 exposed to(接觸)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this， I can express myself more easily in English.

1. A. worried B. sad

C. surprised D. nervous

2. A. difficultB. interesting

C. ambiguous D. practical

3. A. new B. familiar

C. earlierD. ordinary

4. A. explained B. expressed

C. described D. created

5. A. offered B. agreed

C. decidedD. happened

6. A. imagineB. recommend

C. predict D. understand

7. A. natural B. better

C. easierD. convenient

8. A. wordsB. names

C. ideas D. characters

9. A. hope B. declare

C. doubt D. tell

10. A. exact B. basic

C. translated D. expected

11. A. RatherB. However

C. Therefore D. Instead

12. A. Largely B. Generally

C. GraduallyD. Probably

13. A. extra B. average

C. totalD. limited

14. A. repeatedly B. nearly

C. immediatelyD. anxiously

15. A. According to B. In relation to

C. In addition toD. Because of

[答案與解析]

本篇文章為記敘文。作者主要描寫自己從最初接觸英英詞典的驚異到習慣使用英英詞典，以及使用英英詞典的好處。

1. C 通讀全文可知，作者是一個中國大學生，中國人學英語，尤其是初學者習慣使用英漢詞典。當作者看到英英詞典的時候，他感到“吃驚”。

2. A 最初用英英詞典不習慣，所以作者感覺用起來“很難(difficult)”。

3. B 固定搭配be used to 表示“習慣……”，對作者來說習慣了雙語詞典，或者說是英漢詞典。這里指雙語詞典的使用對他來說是熟悉的。

4. A 此句是一個in which引導的定語從句，其中words是主語，根據常識在詞典中單詞的意思是被“解釋”出來的，所以用explained。

5. C 我真想知道我姑媽為什么決定這么為難我。

6. D 過去不理解，經過一段時間后，“明白了(understand)”。imagine是“想象”的意思;recommend是“推薦”的意思;predict是“預測”的意思。

7. B 此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比較，A和D項沒用比較級，better強調更好，更實用，而easier則不可能。

8. A 詞典上重點的內容應該是單詞。

9. B 我姑媽甚至還聲稱漢語意思決不能給出一個英語單詞的確切意思。

10. A 前面的a Chinese equivalent和the meaning of a word in English對應，所表明還是對應不準確的問題，所以用exact。

11. C 此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一種“因果”關系，所以用therefore。

12. C 該句的謂語have come to see是表示“變化過程”，所以用gradually表示“漸漸地”。

13. D 從后面的around 2，000可知詞典中用于解釋詞義的詞是限制在2，000左右。

14. A 在有限的范圍內，查閱閱讀釋義的話，就會反復接觸基本詞匯、學會這些詞匯怎樣用來解釋事物和觀點，所以用repeatedly表示“反復地，經常地”。

15. D 后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English.表達的是結果，此處表達的應該是原因，說明使用這種詞典所帶來的好處。

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(2010福建卷)Born in America， I spoke English， not Chinese， the language of my ancestors. When I was three， my parents flashed cards with Chinese 1 at my face， but I pushed them aside. My mom believed I would learn when I was ready. But the 2 never came.

On a Chinese New Year’s Eve， my uncle spoke to me in Chinese， but all I could do was 3 at him， confused， scratching my head.“Still can’t speak Chinese?”He 4 me，“You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown.”

“Hey， this is America， not China. I’ll get some right now with or without Chinese.”I replied and turned to my mom for 5.

“Remember to ask for fresh fish， Xin Xian Yu，” she said， handing over a $20 bill. I 6 the words， running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.

I found the fish 7 surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish，”I shouted to the fishman. But he 8 my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased with their impatience. With every 9 ， the breath of the dragons(龍)on my back grew stronger—my blood boiling—

10 me to cry out， “Xian Sheng Yu，please.”“ Very Xian Sheng，” I repeated. The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned 11and I ran back home12expect for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket.

Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at 13. Instead， I was the joke， a disgrace(丟臉)to the language.

Sometimes， I laugh at my fish 14，but， in the end， the joke is on me. Every laugh is a culture15 ; every laugh is my heritage(傳統)fading away.

1. A. customB. games

C. characters .D. language

2. A. success B. study

C. time D. attempt

3. A. aimB. joke

C. nod D. stare

4. A. cared aboutB. laughed at

C. argued withD. asked after

5. A. decisionB. permission

C. informationD. preparation

6. A. repeated B. reviewed

C. spelled D. kept

7. A. farmB. stand

C. pondD. market

8. A. guessed B. forgot

C. doubted D. ignored

9. A. second B. effort

C. desireD. movement

10. A. forcingB. allowing

C. persuadingD. leading

11. A. bright B. blank

C. pale D. red

12. A. open-mouthedB. tongue-tied

C. empty-handedD. broken-hearted

13. A. serviceB. home

C. risk D. root

14. A. tradeB. deed

C. challenge D. incident

15. A. thrownB. lost

C. dividedD. reflected

[答案與解析]

本篇文章為記敘文。“我”長在美國，已熟悉英語，但身為中國人，因為沒有學習漢語而導致了去唐人街買魚的尷尬，這讓我明白了一個道理:“笑話”反映的是一種文化的缺失，我們不應該讓文化丟失。

1. C 根據本段第一句中the language of my ancestors可知，這里指父母在我面前亮出有漢字的卡片。

2. C 由本句中But及never可知，這里強調的是:我學習漢字的時間從來沒有來過。

3. D 從句中的confused可知，當叔叔跟我講漢語的時候，我困惑了，不明白了。因此我只能用我的眼睛盯著我的叔叔看。

4. B 由本句中You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown可以推斷出，叔叔是在嘲笑我。

5. B 由下段中母親說話的內容可知:我希望征得母親的許可，讓我去買魚。由語境可知，應為母親的許可比較合適。

6. A 由上句母親話中的Xin Xian Yu及我沒有學習漢語可以推斷出:我為了防止忘掉要買的東西的名字，而不斷重復著母親的話。

7. B 分析句子結構可知:我發現魚攤被很多顧客圍著。

8. D 從第二段中You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown及本句中turned to serve the next customer可知，這個賣魚人沒有在意我說的話，即無視，不理睬。

9. A 由本段的第三句中turned to serve the next customer及本句中the breath of the dragon on my back grew stronger可知，當我再一次問的時候，我生氣了。second表示“再一”的意思。

10. A 由本句中my blood boiling可知，我被激怒了，因此我強迫自己大聲喊出我要買的東西。

11. D 上句中The crowd erupted into laughter可知，因為我說錯了漢語而引來了大家的哄堂大笑，這讓我十分難堪，故我的臉變紅了。

12. C 上段中母親讓我買Xin Xian Yu及由本句中expect for the $20 bill可知，我沒有買到魚，而是空著手回家的。

13. B 由本段中They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese可知，同為中國人，我應該感到自在、自如才對。這與后面的Instead， I was the joke ... 形成對比。

14. D 根據本句中I laugh at可知，作者時常以自己買魚的那件小事自嘲。

15. B 分析句子結構可知，該空應與fading away意思相近。

九、社會

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(2010廣東卷)Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors. Doors may have

1functions and purposes which lead to2 differences.

When I first came to America， I noticed that a public building had two different 3 and they had distinct functions. You have to 4 the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 5 the building. This was new to me， because we use the 6 door in south Korea. For quite a few times I 7 to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.

The way of using school bus doors was also 8 to me. I used to take the school bus to9. The school decided that when the driver opened both the 10and back doors， 11 who were getting off the bus should get off first， and students who were getting on should get on12. In south Korea， we do not need to wait for people to 13. One morning， I hurried to the bus， and when the bus doors opened， I 14 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me， I was totally 15， and my face went red.

1. A. differentB. important

C. practicalD. unusual

2. A. national B. embarrassing

C. culturalD. amazing

3. A. exitsB. entrances

C. signsD. doors

4. A. moveB. push

C. pullD. knock

5. A. enterB. leave

C. openD. close

6. A. mainB. same

C. frontD. back

7. A. managedB. succeeded

C. failedD. tried

8. A. annoying B. hard

C. satisfying D. strange

9. A. classesB. home

C. buildingD. door

10. A. leftB. right

C. insideD. front

11. A. parentsB. students

C. teachers D. drivers

12. A. sooner B. later

C. fasterD. earlier

13. A. get onB. get back

C. get inD. get off

14. A. politelyB. patiently

C. unconsciously D. slowly

15. A. embarrassedB. annoyed

C. unsatisfiedD. excited

[答案與解析]

本篇文章為說明文。本文主要講不同國家門的不同功能，以及使用門的不同方式。

1. A 從本句的后半句得知。

2. C 根據文章首段提示可知，門的功能不同導致了文化差異。

3. D 根據全文主旨和下一句得知，此處肯定是講“門”。

4. B 根據后面的with the word “PUSH”得知。

5. A 與go out of相對應的顯然是enter。

6. B 與前面第3題的different doors相反的是the same door。

7. C 從后面的was embarrassed得知作者沒能走出購物中心。

8. D 根據第三段內容得知，公共建筑門的使用方式不同，使作者感到尷尬。因此，這里的巴士門對作者來說也是陌生的。

9. A 坐校巴當然是去上課了。

10. D 與back相對應的是front。

11. B 由下文的and students who were getting on should get on...可推知。

12. B 與前面的first相對，即要先下后上。

13. D 在韓國不必等乘客下車(get off)后便可以上車。

14. C 由上文 “In south Korea， we do not need to wait for people to get off” 可知作者在生活中已經養成了習慣，由生活常識知道，到美國后，就無意識地遵循以往的習慣，就“無意識地”上車了。

15. A 從下文的my face went red可知，周圍所有的人都看著自己，當然“感到尷尬”了。

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(2010天津卷)Robert Moody， 52， is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with 1 and gang (團伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often

2 trouble， he decided to do something about it. So in 491 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day off.

Those fun trips had a(n)3 impact. A chance encounter in 500 proved that. One day， while working security at a school basketball game， Moody noticed two young guys 4. He sensed trouble between them. 5

one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. “I6 you. You took me 7 when I wasin fifth grade. That was one of the 8 days of my life .”

Deeply touched by the boy’s words， Moody decided to create a foundation(基金會)that 9 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs.“As a policeman， I saw where there was violence， drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 10 on the kids，” says Moody.

By turning kids on to fishing， he 11 to present an alternative way of life， “When you’re sitting there waiting for a bite，” he says， “you can’t help but talk to each other， and such 12 can be pretty deep.”

“Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同齡人)pressures in high school，”says Michelle， who13 the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother avoid drugs.”

Moody faces 14 in three years， when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.” I’m living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 15 to give back，” Moody says.“If I teach a kid to fish today， he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.”

1. A. drinkingB. drug

C. security D. smoking

2. A. ran into B. got over

C. left behindD. looked into

3. A. immediateB. damaging

C. limitedD. lasting

4. A. quarrelingB. complaining

C. talkingD. cheering

5. A. SlowlyB. Suddenly

C. Finally D. Secretly

6. A. understandB. hear

C. seeD. remember

7. A. fishingB. sailing

C. boating D. swimming

8. A. quietestB. longest

C. best D. busiest

9. A. connectsB. introduces

C. reducesD. commits

10. A. impression B. burden

C. decisionD. impact

11. A. askedB. intended

C. pretendedD. agreed

12. A. concernsB. interests

C. conversations D. emotions

13. A. participated in B. worked out

C. approved of D. made up

14. A. unemploymentB. challenge

C. competition D. retirement

15. A. team B. school

C. familyD. community

[答案與解析]

本篇文章夾敘夾議。本文主要介紹了Robert Moody警官極具影響的釣魚教育法，對青年人的教導很有幫助。

1. B 根據下文的drugs were always behind it和Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同齡人)pressures in high school可以確定，此處是指“毒品，吸毒”。

2. A 由空格后的trouble和句意可知，此處是指“很多小孩陷入困境之中”。

3. D 通過下文的例子，可以看出Robert Moody警官的釣魚教育法有著“持久的”影響。

4. A 從下文的He sensed trouble between them.可以判斷，那兩個人是在“吵架”。

5. B 在Robert Moody警官意識到要出亂子的時候，“突然”發生了下面的事情。對Robert Moody警官來說有點意外。

6. D 因為下文提到是五年級帶著去釣魚，所以用remember比較恰當。

7. A 帶著去釣魚。

8. C 既然記得那么清楚，說明那天對他來說很重要，所以用best。

9. B 把青少年引導過來。

10. D have an impact on是一個固定短語，意思是“對……有影響”。

11. B By turning kids on to fishing是方式，表示意圖，用intended合適。

12. C 與前面的talk to each other意義一致。

13. A participated in是“加入，參加”的意思;worked out 的意思是“解出，制定，鍛煉”等;approved of 是“贊同”;made up是“編造，組成”。

14. D 根據后面的when he hopes to run the foundation full-time說明他不做工作才能全職管理基金，因此可判斷是三年后退休。

15. D 第一段中提到his community。

十、文學與藝術

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(2010上海卷)The first attempt of even the most talented artists， musicians， and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排)， or tryouts， revising will seem a natural part of the writing 1.

What is the 2 of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding， deleting， replacing， reordering， in other words revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.

When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984， he had in mind a funny， exciting production. However， when Phantom opened in London in 1986， the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had 3 several revisions due， in part， to problems with costuming and makeup (戲服和化妝). For instance， Lloyd Webber 4 some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.

When you revise， you change aspects of your work in 5 to your evolving purpose， or to include 6 ideas or newly discovered information.

Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.7 ， it is a major stage of the writing process， and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 8. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 9. Always make time to become your own

10 and view your dress rehearsal， so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 11 new ideas.

Revising involves 12 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing， making your purpose more clearly， and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise， ask yourself the following questions， keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 13 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 14 that is， facts， opinions， inferences —that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally， have I included too many 15 details that may confuse readers?

1. A. techniqueB. style

C. processD. career

2. A. timeB. method

C. orderD. purpose

3. A. undergoneB. skipped

C. rejectedD. replaced

4. A. rewroteB. released

C. recordedD. reserved

5. A. additionB. response

C. opposition D. contrast

6. A. fixedB. ambitious

C. familiarD. fresh

7. A. However B. Moreover

C. InsteadD. Therefore

8. A. discuss B. switch

C. exhaust D. cover

9. A. draftingB. rearranging

C. performing D. training

10. A. directorB. master

C. audienceD. visitor

11. A. personalB. valuable

C. basic D. delicate

12. A. mixing B. weakening

C. maintainingD. assessing

13. A. amazing B. bright

C. uniqueD. clear

14. A. angles B. evidence

C. informationD. hints

15. A. unnecessaryB. uninteresting

C. concrete D. final

[答案與解析]

本篇文章為說明文。修改是作品寫作過程中非常重要且必須的步驟，文章講敘了作品修改的目的和途徑。

1. C 根據下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However. don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage.”得知。

2. D 由本段的第二句“The answer is adding， deleting， replacing， reordering， in other words revising.”可得知這些是彩排的目的。

3. A人們觀看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品經歷了(undergo)多次修改，與上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”對應。

4. A 動詞rewrite表示“重寫、修改”，與動詞revise同義，與本文話題相關。

5. B 介詞短語in response to“作為對……的反應”，在本句表示“你修改作品是對你想改進作品目的的一種回應”。

6. D 根據后面的newly discovered information可知。

7. B 副詞Moreover(而且)與but also類似，表遞進含義，與前面not just(only)呼應。

8. B switch topics(變換標題)屬于修改作品的一部分。

9. D 名詞training(培訓)在本句表示“排練”，與上文dress rehearsals / tryouts同義。

10. C 名詞audience(觀眾)與下句view your dress rehearsal對應。

11. B 形容詞valuable表示“做自己作品的觀眾能給你有價值的新信息”。

12. A 動詞mix在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和適當性融合在一起”。

13. D 形容詞clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或寫作意圖是否清晰”。

14. C 后句名稱facts，opinions，inferences都屬于information。

15. A 形容詞unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使讀者困惑，誤導讀者。

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(2010重慶卷) Introduction to Letters to Sam

Dear Reader，

Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my1，Sam， was born， my heart was filled with joy. I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then， and I have been

2 ill many times. So I wondered if I would have the time to tell Sam what I had3.

For years I have been hosting a program on the4and writing articles for a magazine.Being unable to move freely， I have learned to sit still and keep my heart 5， exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and 6. So when Sam was born， I 7 to tell him about school and friendship， romance and work， love and everything else. That’s how I started to write these

8 . I hope that Sam would 9 them sooner or later.

However， that expectation 10 when Sam showed signs of autism (自閉癥) at the age of two. He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs. He 11 to communicate with others， even the family members. That was 12 for me but didn’t stop me writing on. I realized that I had even more now to tell him. I wanted him to13 what it means to be “different” from others， and learn how to fight against the misfortune he’ll face as I myself， his grandfather， did. I just 14 if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.

Now， as the book has been published， I have been given the chance. Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam: some about my life， and all about what it means to be a 15.

Daniel Gottlieb

1. A. son B. nephew

C. brotherD. grandson

2. A. seriouslyB. mentally

C. slightlyD. quietly

3. A. writtenB. suffered

C. observedD. lost

4. A. radioB. television

C. stageD. bed

5. A. warmB. broken

C. closedD. open

6. A. hostsB. visitors

C. readersD. reporters

7. A. beganB. stopped

C. forgotD. decided

8. A. lettersB. emails

C. booksD. diaries

9. A. findB. read

C. collectD. keep

10. A. developedB. disappeared

C. changedD. arrived

11. A. triedB. refused

C. regretted D. hoped

12. A. excitingB. acceptable

C. strangeD. heartbreaking

13. A. understandB. explain

C. believeD. question

14. A. felt B. guessed

C. saw D. doubted

15. A. teacherB. child

C. man D. writer

[答案與解析]

本篇文章為說明文。本文主要介紹了“Letters to Sam”這本書的創作背景和寫作目的。

1. D 根據as I myself，his grandfather可判斷，Sam是“我”的孫子。

2. A 由I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then和I wondered if I would have the time ... 可知作者在這期間重病了幾次。所以用seriously。

3. C observe(看到，注意到)。根據全文內容的理解，作者想告訴他孫子的是他的經歷，只有observe合題意。

4. A 由下文的with thousands of listeners可知，作者是主持廣播節目，所以選radio.

5. D 從下文中與聽眾和讀者交流思想可知，作者敞開心扉，所以選open。

6. C 由第二段開頭可知，作者主持廣播節目和為雜志寫文章，所以此處是同聽眾和讀者交流。

7. D 根據下句“這就是我怎樣開始寫這些信”的可知，這兒應用decided是因為我決定告訴Sam學校與友誼、浪漫與工作、愛情與其它一切，才開始寫這些信。

8. A 由本文的題目可知是介紹Letters to Sam 這本書，下文中也告訴我們這本書的每一章都是一封信，所以這兒選A。

9. B 因為信是寫給Sam的，所以作者希望Sam遲早會讀到這些信。

10. C 由于Sam患了自閉癥，所以作者的這種期望改變了。

11. B 因為Sam患了自閉癥，這兒是說他拒絕與別人交流。

12. D 由上文可知，作者對Sam 希望很大，而Sam卻患了自閉癥，這對作者來說是令人心碎的。

13. A 見上一題解析。

14. D 由上文可知，作者的身體不好，所以他懷疑他是不是能寫下所有他想說的話。

15. C 這本書的每一章都是一封信，一些是關于我的，所有都是關于作為一個人意味著什么的。

責任編校蔣小青