英語聽說考試“故事復述”備考指導

1. 關注提示，聯想預測。

在聽故事前，閱讀故事梗概和幾個關鍵詞，發揮想象，預先猜測故事內容。

例1:

故事梗概:我的一次撒謊傷透了父親的心，父親決定走路回家，好好反思自己對我的教育?？粗职稚硇氖艿饺绱送纯嗟恼勰?，從此以后我再也沒有撒過謊。

關鍵詞:

Garage n. 車庫 movie n. 電影 late adj. 遲到的 lie v. 說謊 pain n. 痛苦

在預測階段，可把故事梗概與英語關鍵詞對應起來，快速聯想并記憶關鍵詞的意思，查看是否有自己不熟悉的生詞。此外，還要關注關鍵詞的詞性和中文意思，有些單詞有多個中文意思和不同詞性，但考題中的提示是該單詞在故事中所使用的詞性和中文意思，如 “lie”的意思有:位于(動詞)，躺(動詞)，說謊(動詞)，謊話(名詞)，但在本文中用作動詞，意思是“說謊”。結合故事梗概，可聯想到作者“我”曾經撒謊，并給父親帶來了痛苦(pain)。

2. 關注整體、把握故事大意。

第一次聽故事時，要從整體關注故事大意，可適當作簡單記錄。例如聽清楚故事的標題，標題通常對故事情節有概括性的作用;理清故事人物以及人物之間的關系;此外，還要理清故事的起因、經過、結果以及蘊涵的中心思想。第一次聽錄音時，切忌因小失大，切忌盲目記下整個句子或過多細節，以致錯過其他故事情節。只要記住了故事的大致內容，在復述時，即使不能使用故事原文的表達，也可發揮短時記憶的作用，用自己的語言重新講述故事。

3. 抓住重點、補充故事細節。

第二次聽故事時，在原有記錄的基礎上，適當補充、完善細節。以下簡談兩個重要步驟。

(1)篩選信息，簡要概括。記錄細節時，關注主要信息，忽略次要信息。學生平時可通過閱讀材料來鍛煉自己篩選信息的能力。閱讀某段故事材料，劃出關鍵詞，然后把關鍵詞串連，嘗試用自己的語言豐富細節，組成故事。這樣的訓練不局限于使用電腦軟件，學生可以隨時進行訓練。

例2:

故事梗概:埃拉#8226;范特溺愛她的兒子。當她的兒子在接受軍隊檢閱、步伐跟不上隊伍時，她還驕傲地認為她兒子是最棒的。

原文:

Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She loved John very much. In her eyes he couldn't do anything wrong. Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to read. It isn’t really true that he was too lazy to work—in fact he had tried a few jobs. First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to break at least six windows. Then he became a bus conductor and on his second day， a passenger stole his bag with all the fares collected. He even lost his job as a postman because he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people’s houses. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him. So he decided to join the army...

通過提示得知，文章主要講述Ella Fant溺愛兒子，并通過兒子接受軍隊檢閱這個事例詳細體現這點。因此原文劃線部分可以簡單概括為“She took good care of him”“John had tried a few jobs， such as a window-cleaner， a bus conductor and a postman， but he failed to do them well”。

(2)改寫、換用表達。學生平時可多進行發散思維訓練，多思考同一意思多種表達，不但有助于口語復述，而且促進了寫作能力的提高。如:

a. 對……感興趣、喜歡:show/take interest in， become interested in， be fond of， be keen on， be crazy about... is one’s favorite;

b. 成功做某事:succeed in doing sth.， ... is a great success， do sth. successfully，manage to do sth.

c. 因此，結果(表明):therefore， finally， thus， eventually， it turns out that ...

例3:

“Before we went in， why?did you stop by the tree?” I asked. “Oh， that’s my trouble tree，”he replied， “I know I can’t help having troubles on the job and in my life， but those troubles don’t belong?in the house with my wife and children. I know I can control one thing for sure. I can hang them up on the tree every night before I come home. Then in the morning I pick them up again before I leavefor work.”“The interesting thing is，” he smiled， “when I come out in the morning to pick them up， there aren’t nearly as many as I remember?hanging?up the night before.”

復述故事，要圍繞主題，概括故事的起因、經過和結果。故事的發展情節也經常涉及前因后果。學生可熟記表示“結果”的表達，在復述時可信手拈來。

參考答案:

My curiosity drove me to ask him why he had touched the branches before he went home. He smiled and told me that he didn’t want to bring his troubles home to disturb his family. Therefore， he decided to hang the troubles on the tree and pick them up the next day. But it turned out that the next morning there weren’t as many troubles as he remembered the night before.

4. 故事復述注意事項。

(1)抓住套路，套用模版。故事的線索離不開“起因、經過、結果”，若含有對故事中心思想的點撥，在復述時也要概括。

例4:

That day， I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.

作者通常會在故事的末尾簡單點撥該故事的思想意義，考生在復述時也要簡單提及，這樣才可以體現故事的完整性。概括中心思想時，可嘗試抓住原文的名詞或形容詞，如本文的中心思想關鍵詞是“patience， courage， love”。

參考答案:

On that very day， I learn the patience of a young wife， the courage of a man without sight and the love shared by a couple.

(2)使用間接引語復述故事中的對話。復述時，可使用間接引語概括對話的主要內容，這樣既客觀又簡練。考生可靈活使用一些表示“說”“知道、得知”的動詞及其賓語從句引出對話內容。如:say， tell sb. that， ask sb. +疑問詞， add that(補充說)， shout to sb. that， learn from sb. that， know that， realize that等。

(3)理清人物關系。故事類的文章經常出現多個人物、人物對話以及人物的心理描述等，考生要分清人物關系以及他們各自所說的話。在對話中，不一定每個人物說話前都會出現“the man said， the lady replied”等旁白，因此學生要根據邏輯，理清故事的發展脈絡。

(4)態度要客觀、忠誠于原文?？忌陀^地復述故事，以事論事，不能增加原文沒提及的信息，不能改變故事的發展情節，不能對故事發表個人主觀的意見或建議。但必須注意，若故事以第一人稱“I”進行敘述時，復述時考生也可以直接使用“I”進行復述，不必要改寫為“the author， the writer”。

5. 巧用妙法，錦上添花

(1)積累常用詞組、句型，厚積薄發。如描述人物性格、心情時可使用so/such...that， with短語， to one’s +surprise/ disappointment/...(使某人驚訝/失望/……的是)等。

e.g. The boy was so angry that he dashed out of the room.

With patience， Mother talked to her naughty boys over and over again.

To her astonishment， her son won the champion in the match.

(2)整合、簡化句子。復述時，考生可根據因果、并列、遞進等關系，嘗試用從句把相關聯的句子整合，加強語言表達的連貫性。

例5:

I knew Dad would be angry if he found out I’d been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I hurried there I apologized for being late， and told him I’d come as quickly as I could， but the car had needed some major repairs.

此處，可用同位語從句整合多個句子，使表達簡練。

參考答案:

In order not to make Dad angry， I lied to him that I was late because the car needed repairs.

(3)使用定語從句連接句子，豐富內容。在復述時，常?？梢允褂枚ㄕZ從句豐富時間狀語、地點狀語的內容。此外，也可以用“which”連接非限制性定語，補充說明一件事情。

例6:

The couple gladly invited him to dinner and shared the scarce food with him. At night， the couple invited him to sleep on their bed while they used the shed. The next morning the merchant said good-bye to the couple. When he arrived home， he had a lovely house built for the couple in return for their kindness and hospitality.

本段文字可發揮定語從句的作用。

參考答案:

a. The couple gladly shared the scarce food with him and invited him to sleep on their bed， which greatly impressed him.

b. Their kindness and hospitality left a deep impression on the merchant， because of which he had a beautiful house built for them after he reached home.”。

(4)多種方法概括人物心情。故事的發展情節經常伴隨著人物心情的變化。學生可用以下方法描述人物心情。

例7:

Several days later， the parents received news from the police that their son had committed suicide by falling from a building. In great pain， the parents went to identify the body of their son and discovered that their son had only one arm and one leg.

a. 使用形容詞直接描述。例:the grief-stricken parents

b. 使用非謂語。Grief-stricken， the parents went to identify the body of their son.

c. 使用介詞詞組。例:in great pain， to one’s surprise/amazement/disappointment， with a smile on one’s face

d. 使用常用句型“so/such...that”。The parents were so sad that they went to identify the body of their son.

以上復述故事的方法與任務寫作摘要導寫的技巧，考生可融會貫通，通過口語促進寫作技巧的提高，通過寫作鍛煉口語復述能力。

責任編校蔣小青