天下第一趵突泉

泉水是濟南的靈魂與血脈，所以濟南被稱“泉城”。眾多泉水形成了發達的水系，四大泉群、“七十二名泉”將這座城市滋潤得有如江南，“一城山色半城湖”成為她最好的注腳。為了讓世界更好地了解這座鐘靈毓秀之城，將濟南的“泉”文化推而廣之，我們開設了“泉韻”欄目，以饗讀者。

趵突泉是古濼水之源，古時稱“濼”，宋代已稱“趵突泉”，亦有“娥英水”、“溫泉”、“檻泉”、“瀑流泉”、“三股水”的別稱或俗稱。泉池呈長方形，長30米、寬18米、深2.2米。泉水一年四季恒定在攝氏18度左右，最大涌量達16.2萬立方米/日，為該泉群中涌量最大的泉。

趵突泉北鄰濼源堂，西傍觀瀾亭，東架來鶴橋，南有長廊圍合。趵突泉泉水三窟并發，聲如隱雷，“泉源上奮，水涌若輪”。嚴冬，水面上水氣裊裊，像一層薄薄的煙霧，一邊是泉池幽深、波光粼粼，一邊是樓閣彩繪、雕梁畫棟，構成了一幅奇妙的人間仙境。“趵突騰空”被古人列為濟南八景之一。歷代著名文學家、哲學家、詩人諸如曾鞏、蘇軾、張養浩、王守仁、蒲松齡等都有吟泉佳作和美文。相傳，乾隆皇帝下江南時，沿途飲用北京玉泉水，當品嘗趵突泉水后，便立即改用趵突泉水，并把玉泉改為“玉泉趵突”，將趵突泉封為“天下第一泉”。此泉用來烹茶，味醇色鮮，游人常來此品茗以助游興，有“不飲趵突水，空負濟南游”之說。

As the source of the old Luoshui River， the Baotu Spring was called “Luo” in ancient times. It has been called Baotu Spring since the Song Dynasty (960-1279A.D.)， with Erying Shui (Water)， Hot Spring， Jian Spring， Puliu (Waterfall) Spring， and Sangu Shui(Spring water gushing out from three spring mouths) as its alternative names or common names. Forming an oblong shape， the spring pond is 30m in length， 18m in width and 2.2m in depth. The Baotu Spring， with its water at a constant temperature of about 18 degrees Celsius all year long， is the one with the largest outflow volume among all the Baotu Spring cluster， able to achieve a maximum of 162，000 cubic meters per day.

The Baotu Spring is adjacent to LuoYuan Hall to the north， close to GuanLan Pavilion to the west，with Laihe Bridge in the east， and surrounded by a long corridor in the south. The spring water of the Baotu Spring gushes out from three spring mouths at the same time， creating a thunderous sound， which has been described as “the spring water is vigorously gushing out like driven wheels”. In cold winter， the water surface is suffused with vapor， like a thin layer of mist spreading in the air. A fantastic fairyland is created by the combination of deep spring pond and glistening waves as well as the colored pavilions and carved beams and painted rafters. The view of “Gushing Baotu Spring” was listed by the ancients as one of the eight Jinan scenic spots. The famous litterateurs， philosophers and poets such as Zeng Gong (a famous litterateur in 1019-1083A.D.)， Su Shi (a famous ci poet in 1037-1101A.D.)， Zhang Yanghao (a famous sanqu poet in 1269-1329A.D.)， Wang Shouren (a famous philosopher in 1472-1529A.D.)， and Pu Songling (a famous novelist in 1640-1715A.D.) all praised the “springs’ in their famous works.

According to legend， when going southwards to Jiangnan (the region south of the Yangtze River)， Emperor Qianlong (one of the famous emperors in Qing Dynasty (1644-1911A.D.) took with him some water from the Yu (Jade) Spring in Beijing to drink along the way. Having tasted the water of Baotu Spring， he immediately decided to drink it instead from that moment on， and renamed the Yu Spring as Yuquan Baotu， praising the Baotu Spring as the “No.1 Spring in the World”. Tea made with Baotu Spring water will become scented in taste and fresh in color. Visitors often drink tea here to add their pleasure of travel， as the saying goes， “It is meaningless to visit Jinan without drinking the water of Baotu Spring”.