院士風采

趙洪璋1918.07.08～1994.02.07

育種學家。河南淇縣人。1940年畢業于西北農學院農藝系。西北農學院教授。重視性狀形成與生態環境和栽培條件的關系，形成了獨特的以精取勝的選擇技術，選育出“碧螞1號”、“碧螞4號”、“6028”、“豐產3號”、“矮豐3號”、“西農85號”等小麥優良品種，對黃河中下游地區的小麥生產做出了重大貢獻。“碧螞1號”1959年種植達9000多萬畝，是我國至今推廣面積最大的小麥品種；抗吸漿蟲品種“6028”種植面積達460多萬畝，恢復和發展了陜西關中等省區吸漿蟲危害地區的小麥生產；“豐產3號”1976年種植達3000多萬畝，是當時黃淮麥區種植面積最大的小麥品種。“矮豐3號”的育成推廣，推動了我國矮化育種的發展；高抗赤霉病的“西農85”的育成，開創了北方麥區小麥抗赤霉病育種的成功先例。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Breeder. Born in Qixian, Henan Province. Graduated from the Department of Agronomy, Institute of Northwest Agronomy in 1940.Professor, Institute of Northwest Agronomy .

Attzching grest importance to wheat character and relationship between ecological environment and cultural condition and creating unique selection method, Zhao selected some improved wheat varieties such as “Bima No.1”，“Bima No.4”，“6028”，“Hight Yield No.3”， “Aifeng No.3”，“Aifeng No.3” and “Xinong No.85” and made significant contributions to wheat production along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. “Bima No.1” was planted in an area of 6 million hectares in 1959, the largest area for a single variety of wheat so far. “6028” , a variety of midge resistant, was planted in an area of over 300,000 hectares, which recovered and developed wheat production in midge-plagued areas in Shanxi, Guanzhong and other provinces and regions. The planting area of “High Yield No. 3” in 1976 reached 2 million hectares, the largest one in the Huang-Huai wheat region. The breeding and popularization of “Aifeng No. 3” have promoted the development of dwarfing breeding and “Xinong No. 85”is a successful example of breeding wheat resistant to scab in North China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

俞大紱1901.02.29～1993.05.15

植物病理學家，微生物學家。浙江紹興人。1924年畢業于南京金陵大學。1928年赴美國留學，獲衣阿華州大學哲學博士學位。北京農業大學教授、名譽院長。育成抗黑粉病小麥、抗莢疫病大豆、抗稻瘟病水稻品種；首創中國禾本科作物黑粉病菌生理小種的研究；對粟病及蠶豆病害進行了全面系統研究；對蘋果樹腐爛病、谷子紅葉病的防治做出了重要貢獻；在我國首先開展赤霉素的研究，培養出優良菌種，研究提出發酵工藝流程及提純技術；在稻惡苗菌的異核遺傳研究中，揭示該菌在自然界中三種不同核型組成的異核體，闡明異核現象在自然界中是否普遍存在的國際上長期爭論問題，受到國內外科學界的重視。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Phytopathologist and microbiologist. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Jinling University, Nanjing in 1924. Went to USA in 1928 and received Ph.D. from Iowa State Uneversity. Professor and honorary president, Beijing University of Agriculture.

Yu improved new species of smut-resistant wheat, corruptresistant soybean and blast-resistant rice, pioneered the study of physiological races of smut fungus for the grass family crops in China,and conducted extensive and systematical investigations on the disease for millet and broad bean, making significant cintributions to the prevention and treatment of the apple tree putridity and millet red leaf virus disease. He was the first in China to launch the study of gibberelin. He cultured fine fungal species and, after long time research, proposed the technological process for gibberelin fermentation and the purification techniques. In the study of heterocaryon inheritance for Fusarium moniliformae, he brought to light that there are three kinds of heterocaryon made up of different nucleus shapes,and expounded the problem whether the heterocaryosis is universally existed in nature, which was argued for a long time in the world. His work attracted great attention from the scientific word.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯光炯1905.05.07～1996.11.04

土壤學家。上海金山人。1928年畢業于北京農業大學農化系。西南農業大學教授，自然免耕研究所所長，從事土壤學教學與科研工作達60年之久。在土壤肥力和土壤地理研究方面發現“光肥平衡”日周期變化一個事實，從而開辟了土壤膠體熱力學新領域。1986年通過鑒定的水田自然免耕新技術，至1988年底已在南方13個省推廣2200多萬畝，增產率在15%以上。為了適應土壤肥力研究的需要，他又創建了土壤膠體物理—土壤粘韌率和粘韌曲線，以及土壤膠體熱力學十聯式PH兩種測定方法，并擬定了土壤肥力分類體系，為制定我國土地利用規劃提供了科學依據。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Pedologist. Born in Jinshan, Shanghai. Graduated from the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Beijing Agriculture University in 1928. Professor, Southwestern Agriculture University, and director,Soil Virginzation Resezrch Institute.

Hou has been engaged in the teaching and research on pedology and soil fertility for 60 years.In 1960, he discovered the close relationship between the sun and the soil, namely, the daily fluctuation ratio of “photosynthesis-nutrient-supplying equilibrium”, thus opening a new field of thermodynamic behavior of soil colloids. His new technique of “ soil virginization of rice paddy fields ” passed the appraisal in 1986 and had been popularized on 1.47 million hectares in 13 provinces in South China by the end of 1988. Estimation shows that an increase of 15% in production was achieved. In order to meet the demand of new methods for promoting soil fertility research , he devised two special tests, one was soil colloid physics, namely soil plasticity ratios and plasticity curves, and the other was the thermodynamic behavior of soil colloid activity index—10 unit type of soil pH. At the same time, he worked out the soil physiographical colloid-complex classification system which provided a scientific basis for designing land use plans.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

鐘惠瀾1901.06.24～1987.02.06

醫學家。原籍廣東梅縣，生于葡屬東帝汶的叻利島。1929年畢業于北京協和醫學院，獲美國紐約州立大學醫學博士學位。北京友誼醫院名譽院長，北京熱帶醫學研究所教授、所長。首先證明了中國中華白蛉是黑熱病的傳染媒介及犬、人、白蛉三者在黑熱病傳播流形環節中的關系，提出用骨髓穿刺的方法進行臨床診斷，又首先應用了“鐘氏”黑熱病補體結合試驗方法診斷黑熱病；首次發現淋巴腺型新型黑熱病；在對回歸熱病的研究中推翻了西方學者的錯誤學說，建立了為國際醫學界公認的新學說；發現8個新種肺吸蟲，并首次發現擬釘螺為四川養殖吸蟲的中間宿主；對鉤端螺旋體病、中華分支睪吸蟲病、麻風病等多種疾病的研究，在病因學、病原體、傳染途徑、診斷及治療等方面作出了重大貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Medical expert. Born in Portugal Colony Timor Island. Graduated from Peking Union Medical College in 1929. Received MD from New York State University, USA Honorary pressident, Beijing Friendship Hospitial, and professor and director, Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute.

Zhong was the first tu prove that the Chinese phlebotomus chinesis is the sandfly vector of kala-azar infection. He also proved that the kala-azar can produce a kind of hypersplenism, suggested a method of bone marrow puncture, and applied the Chung’s kalaazar complement fixation test in clinical diagnosis. He was the first to find a new kind of lymph glandular type of kala-azar. During his research on relapsing fever, he corrected some erroneous theories of foreign scholars and set up a new theory which was accepted by the international medical circles. He discovered 8 new species and subspecies of Paragonimus and was the first to find that Tricular snails are the first intermediary host of paragonimus szechuanensis. He made great contributions to the etiology, pathogen, routes of infection,diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis, chonorchiasis sinensis, leprosy and other diseases.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.