我們時(shí)代的車站

王小雯/Shaowen Wang

即使是一項(xiàng)改善原有設(shè)備的工程，車站設(shè)計(jì)也總是與長(zhǎng)期的規(guī)劃、協(xié)商與發(fā)展相關(guān)聯(lián)：經(jīng)年累月甚或數(shù)十載的市民意見征詢過程，龐大的專家陣容，加上咨詢團(tuán)隊(duì)的頻繁交涉，不斷地在政策意識(shí)與長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)算和成果效應(yīng)之間尋求平衡點(diǎn)。從設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想開始到車站的完成和啟用，所有建筑師都認(rèn)為，項(xiàng)目成果的關(guān)鍵在于緊緊把握兩項(xiàng)考量的底線：項(xiàng)目初始宏觀的設(shè)計(jì)理念和賦予它們形式的建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略。通常就是這種堅(jiān)持基本立場(chǎng)的態(tài)度和持續(xù)發(fā)展的建筑理念將車站的形象提升到都市的建構(gòu)環(huán)境中，成為展現(xiàn)日常生活活力和多樣內(nèi)涵的大舞臺(tái)，而不僅限于一種組織完善的交通設(shè)施。

本期《世界建筑》刊載了11個(gè)來自世界各地的火車站項(xiàng)目，它們包括了已經(jīng)完工及仍在處理細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì)尚在建設(shè)階段的車站。車站建筑的形態(tài)總是面對(duì)時(shí)間－空間的二元辯證，這個(gè)實(shí)體還要處理如何在都市的脈絡(luò)里通過建筑形式表現(xiàn)“速度”所帶來的體驗(yàn)。這11個(gè)車站代表了一個(gè)規(guī)模尺度的“光譜圖”：從跨越鐵軌的橋狀車站到特大尺度聚集的巨形都市結(jié)構(gòu)體，亦或是與人造都市環(huán)境中的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)共生的有機(jī)體。本期專輯的主旨在于展示創(chuàng)造性的建筑理念和設(shè)計(jì)策略可以將火車站這樣復(fù)雜機(jī)制的土木工程轉(zhuǎn)化成改善市容的公共空間。

這些車站的設(shè)計(jì)不但加深了我們對(duì)有軌交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)施的重視，也將引發(fā)如何以建筑形式表現(xiàn)“機(jī)動(dòng)性設(shè)計(jì)”所涉及的理論和實(shí)施策略探討的重點(diǎn)，這部分內(nèi)容在科琳·蒂－奧諾的文章中有所闡述。這篇文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是建筑、文化和地景之間新的聯(lián)系，作者早期發(fā)表過一系列關(guān)于火車站的研究著作，近期她開始關(guān)注以運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)為主調(diào)的“巨型建構(gòu)”與建筑設(shè)計(jì)理論之間可能的理論性聯(lián)系（集結(jié)于2008年出版的《運(yùn)輸巨構(gòu)》一書中）。所謂的“機(jī)動(dòng)性設(shè)計(jì)”， 廣泛運(yùn)用于超大尺度的規(guī)劃建筑方案中，雖然它出現(xiàn)在全球化的今天，但其本源思想?yún)s可以追溯到19世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)的火車站中。隨著設(shè)計(jì)方法、數(shù)據(jù)量化控制和可視化工具的日新月異，地方和全球的聯(lián)系可以瞬間達(dá)成，在這樣的背景下考慮未來包括火車站等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的方向和具體內(nèi)容，我們不得不應(yīng)對(duì) “復(fù)雜現(xiàn)實(shí)”的尺度和具有“機(jī)動(dòng)性”特質(zhì)的組件，這些早已與我們的都市現(xiàn)實(shí)融為一體。□

A train station design, even in the case of existing station upgrades,takes comparatively long time to plan, negotiate and develop: years and often decades of civic process, the involvement of numerous specialists and generalists alike, the balancing act between the political will and the constant pressure of long term economic projection, just to name a few. From the conception of the design idea to the inauguration of the constructed building, any architect ever being held responsible for the design outcome of a train station can attest to the key factor of its success: drawing“that”bottom line of the original big idea and the design strategy for it. It is often in this architectural insistence and persistence that, in the end, the new station achieves its role beyond merely a well-organized transit terminal but one of the major urban built forms upstaging the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

In this issue of World Architecture, a list of 11 train stations in global context has been introduced. They are either inaugurated within 2 years or projects undergoing the long process of detail design and construction.Train station as a building type has always confronted the time-space dialectics complicated by speed and the architectural expression of them within the urban context. These 11 stations represent a range of projects in a spectrum of scales, from a bridge-station over the tracks to extralarge aggregated or agglomerated giant urban artifact, and sometime organism, in a complex web of built environment. It is the intention of this editor to showcase what ingenious architectural ideas and design strategies can achieve in the creation of a piece of architectural mechanism in the form of public space.

These stations will reinforce not only the importance of railroad transit in our time but open up discussion in the theory, operative strategy and architectural expression for the“project of mobility”as presented in Corinne Tiry-Ono’s starting essay accentuating the new links between architecture, city and landscape. Her earlier writing of train station leads to the recent book length theoretical investigation for the architectural idea of Transport Megastructures (2008). The very unique XL scale and the content of the“project of mobility”emerging in our global era, has its precursor in the Nineteenth Century invention,Train Station. With the advent of planning method, data control and tools of visualization, and the simultaneous linkage between locality and global connectivity, the future infrastructural design－train station included－will have to tackle the very scale of the“mixed reality”and the actors of“mobility”which have been integrated into our urban reality. □