我們時代的車站

王小雯/Shaowen Wang

即使是一項改善原有設備的工程，車站設計也總是與長期的規劃、協商與發展相關聯：經年累月甚或數十載的市民意見征詢過程，龐大的專家陣容，加上咨詢團隊的頻繁交涉，不斷地在政策意識與長期經濟預算和成果效應之間尋求平衡點。從設計構想開始到車站的完成和啟用，所有建筑師都認為，項目成果的關鍵在于緊緊把握兩項考量的底線：項目初始宏觀的設計理念和賦予它們形式的建筑設計策略。通常就是這種堅持基本立場的態度和持續發展的建筑理念將車站的形象提升到都市的建構環境中，成為展現日常生活活力和多樣內涵的大舞臺，而不僅限于一種組織完善的交通設施。

本期《世界建筑》刊載了11個來自世界各地的火車站項目，它們包括了已經完工及仍在處理細部設計尚在建設階段的車站。車站建筑的形態總是面對時間－空間的二元辯證，這個實體還要處理如何在都市的脈絡里通過建筑形式表現“速度”所帶來的體驗。這11個車站代表了一個規模尺度的“光譜圖”：從跨越鐵軌的橋狀車站到特大尺度聚集的巨形都市結構體，亦或是與人造都市環境中的復雜網絡共生的有機體。本期專輯的主旨在于展示創造性的建筑理念和設計策略可以將火車站這樣復雜機制的土木工程轉化成改善市容的公共空間。

這些車站的設計不但加深了我們對有軌交通運輸設施的重視，也將引發如何以建筑形式表現“機動性設計”所涉及的理論和實施策略探討的重點，這部分內容在科琳·蒂－奧諾的文章中有所闡述。這篇文章強調的是建筑、文化和地景之間新的聯系，作者早期發表過一系列關于火車站的研究著作，近期她開始關注以運輸系統為主調的“巨型建構”與建筑設計理論之間可能的理論性聯系（集結于2008年出版的《運輸巨構》一書中）。所謂的“機動性設計”， 廣泛運用于超大尺度的規劃建筑方案中，雖然它出現在全球化的今天，但其本源思想卻可以追溯到19世紀出現的火車站中。隨著設計方法、數據量化控制和可視化工具的日新月異，地方和全球的聯系可以瞬間達成，在這樣的背景下考慮未來包括火車站等基礎設施建設的方向和具體內容，我們不得不應對 “復雜現實”的尺度和具有“機動性”特質的組件，這些早已與我們的都市現實融為一體?！?/p>

A train station design, even in the case of existing station upgrades,takes comparatively long time to plan, negotiate and develop: years and often decades of civic process, the involvement of numerous specialists and generalists alike, the balancing act between the political will and the constant pressure of long term economic projection, just to name a few. From the conception of the design idea to the inauguration of the constructed building, any architect ever being held responsible for the design outcome of a train station can attest to the key factor of its success: drawing“that”bottom line of the original big idea and the design strategy for it. It is often in this architectural insistence and persistence that, in the end, the new station achieves its role beyond merely a well-organized transit terminal but one of the major urban built forms upstaging the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

In this issue of World Architecture, a list of 11 train stations in global context has been introduced. They are either inaugurated within 2 years or projects undergoing the long process of detail design and construction.Train station as a building type has always confronted the time-space dialectics complicated by speed and the architectural expression of them within the urban context. These 11 stations represent a range of projects in a spectrum of scales, from a bridge-station over the tracks to extralarge aggregated or agglomerated giant urban artifact, and sometime organism, in a complex web of built environment. It is the intention of this editor to showcase what ingenious architectural ideas and design strategies can achieve in the creation of a piece of architectural mechanism in the form of public space.

These stations will reinforce not only the importance of railroad transit in our time but open up discussion in the theory, operative strategy and architectural expression for the“project of mobility”as presented in Corinne Tiry-Ono’s starting essay accentuating the new links between architecture, city and landscape. Her earlier writing of train station leads to the recent book length theoretical investigation for the architectural idea of Transport Megastructures (2008). The very unique XL scale and the content of the“project of mobility”emerging in our global era, has its precursor in the Nineteenth Century invention,Train Station. With the advent of planning method, data control and tools of visualization, and the simultaneous linkage between locality and global connectivity, the future infrastructural design－train station included－will have to tackle the very scale of the“mixed reality”and the actors of“mobility”which have been integrated into our urban reality. □