M2地鐵站，洛桑，瑞士

建筑設計：伯納德·屈米建筑師事務所，M+V梅里尼和溫圖拉建筑師事務所

1 車站全景/General view(攝影/Photo: Peter Mauss/Esto)

地面部分

M2交通樞紐站的籌劃建設歷時長久，經過3期不同的工程。1990年代初期，伯納德·屈米建筑師事務所與盧卡·梅里尼共同參加了弗隆河谷再開發項目的設計競賽，在他們的“橋—城市”方案中設計了一系列凌駕弗隆河谷地區上空并有居住功能的橋。當弗隆河谷的再開發計劃最終因資金不足而遭擱置時，當地的交通主管部門卻找到了伯納德·屈米、M+V盧卡·梅里尼和伊曼紐爾·溫圖拉建筑師事務所，邀請他們共同設計一座新的換乘車站。車站的一期工程于2001年竣工，建設內容包括一座以紅色印刷玻璃為主要特征的輕軌站、一座新的人行天橋，以及若干通道，用于連接位于歐洲廣場附近的弗隆河谷地區。

二期工程的任務則包括在建成的交通樞紐綜合體中新增一處售票點、安裝若干扶手電梯及增設一座地鐵站。二期工程新建筑的設計特點鮮明，覆蓋著綠色屋頂的混凝土板折疊的外觀令人矚目，還有一條長長的人行步道。在滿足設計任務的同時，這座建筑也進一步向西延伸了一期工程的空間，在城市的中心地帶形成了更多的交通換乘節點。

作為換乘站的主要售票處，這座建筑需要傳達出換乘站管理處的公眾形象和更廣泛意義上的城市形象。設計方案的主要表現因素是折疊狀的混凝土板，看起來猶如廣場上的一小片地面被翻折起來，又向背后彎折，由此形成了東側的售票處和西側通往地下層的人行步道。這種突然斷裂和折疊的設計手法是對洛桑所處地形及其所在阿爾卑斯山脈歷史地貌的一種追憶。屋頂和西側的墻體表面為大片的植被綠毯所覆蓋，除了能夠體現出業主對環境保護的關注之外（包括采用了瑞士能源標準——與美國綠色建筑認證類似的評價體系），它同時也銜接了一期工程與二期工程的空間。方案還設計了一處橢圓形的下沉空間，其中包含一條狹長的景觀帶，由此為地下輕軌引入了自然光線。建筑內部也設有一些交通管理部門的辦公室，設計上兼顧了私密性和自然采光。

折疊的設計策略滿足了項目的設計要求：主要的結構表現力體現在混凝土板上，它看起來猶如廣場表面被切走的一小塊又復折回，掀起的“薄片”側面覆以玻璃。這座建筑以堅固的工業材料建造，細部設計也與主要換乘樞紐的大規模交通流量相稱。

地下部分

歐洲廣場的下方正是新建的M2地鐵與LEB（洛桑－埃沙朗－貝爾謝）通勤鐵路的交匯點，與之毗鄰的M1地鐵也匯合于此。各條區域鐵路線與公交線路分布在臨近的交通設施中。規劃中的有軌電車也正處于研究階段，該地段對洛桑市交通運輸基礎設施的意義也由此變得更為重要了。因此，車站地下部分的規劃也與地面部分一樣，必須進行精心設計。

我們開始對地下車站的構想產生了濃厚的興趣，因為它與這座城市豐富的空間層次密切相關。洛桑是一座建立在阿爾卑斯山脈中一處坡地上的城市，這里的地形和尺度一直以來都是城市格局的形成因素。新的轉乘樞紐站把多層次的交通協調在一起，成為這座城市立體派風格的圖示，橋梁、房屋、街道和阿爾卑斯的地平線都十分自然地融為一體。乘客穿梭在橋梁、臺階、人工坡道、觀光電梯以及各節列車之間，所見景象隨之頻繁變化。我們把這種移動中的變化視為設計契機，因為，在這片激動人心的地段上所進行的建設項目幾乎僅與移動有關。

項目需要在一條地下河道的上方鋪設新的軌道交通，這條河道正是弗隆河谷得以命名的由來。從本質上說，設計的核心是如何在這條古老河流的上方重建城市的交通設施和重布城市的交通線路，以便使這座城市的每個空間層面都能更好地承載交通運輸功能；而如何將位于地段上空的貝萊爾社區與位于方案地面層的弗隆工業區相聯系則尤其重要。由于一期工程與二期工程幾乎相隔10年才建成，要實現這些交通方式之間的協調布局需要以建筑學的視角來理解城市，因為隨著時間的推進、不同交通條件與交通需求的變化，城市也將不斷演變。

行人、小汽車、公交車和列車的交通流形成了一幅移動的圖景，恰好能描繪出方案的設計構想。在那些留白的空間里，則將有一些城市中不期而遇的片段之景。所有這些要素相互交織，共同形成了三維的城市聯絡網，這也正是競賽伊始我們就一直秉承的設計核心。□（徐知蘭 譯）

Above Ground

The M2 Transit Hub has had a long incubation period marked by three distinct phases. In the early 1990s,Bernard Tschumi Architects/Luca Merlini submitted a competition for the redevelopment of the Flon Valley. The“Bridge-City”scheme included a series of inhabited bridges over the Flon Valley.While the redevelopment of the valley lapsed without funding, local transit authorities approached Bernard Tschumi and M + V Luca Merlini & Emmanuel Ventura for the design of a new Transit Station,the first phase of which was completed in 2001, a light rail station characterized by red printed glass,a new pedestrian bridge, and connections to the valley at the Place de l’Europe.

The second phase was to incorporate a ticket counter, escalators, and a subway station as part of the transit hub complex. The new building, which features a dramatic concrete fold covered with a green roof, and a long pedestrian ramp, addresses these programs while expanding the first phase to the west, creating further transit connections at the heart of the city.

As the main ticket office for TL, the building needed to convey a public image for the transit authority and the city at large. The main gesture of the project is the folded concrete, which acts as though a strip of the plaza has been folded and bent back on itself to accommodate a ticket office to the east, and a pedestrian ramp to the subterranean level on the west. The rupture and folds are reminiscent of the topography of Lausanne and the geological history of the Alps. The roof and west wall are covered in a green carpet of plantings,which addresses environmental concerns of the client (including the Minergie Standard—similar to a LEED rating), but also links the second phase with the first phase, which incorporates a landscaped berm into a sunken oval, opening the subterranean light rail to natural daylight. The building also houses some offices for the transportation authority,which have both privacy and natural light.

The program was resolved using the strategy of the fold: the main structural gesture is in concrete,as though a piece of the plaza has been cut away and raised back on itself, with the sides of the“slice” faced in glass.The building is treated with sturdy, industrial materials and details suited to the heavy traffic of a major transit center.

Below Ground

Under the Place de l’Europe, the new M2 subway intersects with the LEB(Lausanne-Echallens-Bercher) commuter rail line, and the adjoining M1 subway. Regional rail lines and busses are located in adjoining facilities. With planned trolleys under study, the site is poised to become even more significant to Lausanne’s transit infrastructure, and planning had to be as deliberate below ground as above.

We became interested in the idea of an underground station as it related to the thickness of the city. Lausanne is a city built on a sloping hillside in the midst of the alps, and this topography and scale has always shaped the city. The new transit hub appropriates the multiple levels of traffic as a cubist diagram of the city, where bridges,houses, streets, and Alpine horizons fit together naturally. The constant shifts in perspective as a visitor traverses the bridges, stairs, ramps, glass elevators, and on the trains themselves were viewed as a design opportunity on this dramatic site with a program that is almost exclusively related to movement.

The project required creating the new rail lines above a subterranean river, which gives the valley its name. In essence, the project is about recreating and re-routing urban flows above this ancient river,to better accommodate traffic at every level of the city; in particular linking the Bel-air neighborhood above, and the industrial Flon district at ground level of the project. Given that the first and second phase were to be completed nearly ten years apart,the orchestration of these movements required architectural perspective of the city as it would evolve over time with different transit conditions and needs.

The flows of pedestrians, cars, busses, and trains create a movement diagram that describes the project. In the leftover spaces, there are moments of unexpected perspective on the city.Together, these form a three-dimensional urban connective tissue that is at the heart of the project ever since the initial competition.□

設計團隊/Team: Joel Rutten, Christopher Lee, Rémy Cointet, Adam Dayem, William Feuerman, Yang Yang, Angie Co (New York), Nicolas Badin, Sarah Caperos, Didier Castelli, Bastien Colliard, Selva Demiaux, Célien Devaux, Julie Devayes, Damaris Gaudard, Raphael Gogniat, Eliane Goncalves, Laure Hofmann-Bertsché, Nam le Toan, Mathieu Olsommer,Stéphane Roch, Bernadette Rochat (Lausanne)

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architect: Jean-Jacques Borgeaud, Lausanne

市政工程/Civil Engineers: MPAIC et CSD, Lausanne業主/Client: Métro Lausanne Ouchy sa, Transports Lausannois, City of Lausanne

設計任務/Program: TL售票處（420m2）和M2弗隆中心區出入口站及其交通運輸管理辦公室/TL Ticket Office (420m2) and access station M2-Flon Centre with Transit Authority offices

日程/Schedule:

委托/Won Commission: 1999

施工/Construction: 2004－2008

預算/Budget: 1 000萬瑞士法郎/10mio CHF

10 外景/Exterior veiw(攝影/Photo: Peter Mauss/Esto)

11 夜景/Night view(攝影/Photo: Yves Andre)

12.13 剖面細部/Section detail