Contradiction between Architectural Heritage Protection and Economic Benefit

ZHAO Bing-bing Architecture College,Xi'an University of Architecture and technology,Shanxi Xi'an 710055 Art and Architecture College,Liaoning University of Technology,Liaoning Jinzhou 121 001

Today while the urbanized advancement speeds up,the people are facing the skyscraper which rises straight from the ground unceasingly and getting constantly joyful for the change of the city.At the same time,the city memories also are gradually elapsing.The people also do not search for the childhood recollection again.When the city history remembered interrupts,the people are immersed in the huge pain of losing the precious inheritance and then realized deeply the importance of civic culture heritage protection.The people start to set out in the difficult travel of heritage protection for the huge real estate benefit.

1 The conflict and problems between architectural heritage protection and urban development

Although architectural heritage protection and urban development set the same goal of promoting social progress,they achieve this goal by different perspectives,different lay and different ways.Today accompanying with global economy,they are in the situation of contradiction and conflict and seems to be a “conflict” areas.The city fell into awkward situations that the city update show s the vitality of her style in the sound of the bulldozers thunder which people jump for joy and the city's deep history and culture deposition has been disappearing with the architectural heritage disappearing which people was sad for it.There are a lot of the situations.

Have we other choices?Whether do we find a balance point between the construction inheritance protection and the city development construction or not?Whether do we do the construction inheritance protection work to develop construction economic efficiency or not?This is a question which we must ponder.

When the people are thinking about the problem of the heritage protection,the city construction development heat wave rolls up like a mat.The people are caught off guard.Therefore the people act with precipitation to start the architectural heritage protection work.The conflict between backwardness architectural heritage protection methods and the use modes emerge unceasingly.The atmosphere of reconstructing artificial antique is vogue day by day.The short-term development behaviors to blindly pursue economic interest make us pay the heavy price for this.The benefit contradiction by protection causes several intense social conflicts.

The history of the city interrupts.The city has no memories.

2 Resolve conflicts and find a solution

Based on the architectural heritage,the so-called architectural heritage protection is the understand about the single body and its historic environment and the activities of maintaining their security,wellbeing status which include research,engineering and technology intervention,display,use,improve and the development,modifying environment,and management and so on.In practice,the problems of the use about the architectural heritage,education,modifying environment are closely related to the behavior of mental development.“The Relics Protection Law of the PRC”Article IV:Relics protection work carry out the principles of giving priority to protect,giving first place to rescue,rational using and strengthening the management.The principles of protection require realizing of historic and artistic value of the buildings.

The protection of the general level can be divided into two categories-absolute protection and available protection[1].Absolute protection is that historic building is protected as a specimen to research and pay respect to these which maintains in a particular period of history.The methods apply to a small number of key cultural relics protection constructions and outstanding historical buildings.The available protection is that historic building accepts and disposes differentiation and reuse the inside space which acclimatize itself to the developing real-life scene.

The market follows the benefit law which do not accommodates the protection of the law by expensing of business profits and even destroys the protected target for the cost-effectiveness.Therefore,the key problem of resolving the conflict between architectural heritage protection and urban development is how to solve the problem of land balance and value compensation.This is a economical problem.Commonly,the solve is that the government give land to mental development in border of the protected area and offer some favored policies,for example,municipal facilities and volume targets.The protected method of favored volume targets policies is adopt by green building in Taiwan.It is important that the protection is fundamental and the development of compensatory is the measures.The horse can not be reversed.

In most cases,we are faced with a lot of historic buildings which had not been listed as heritage areas.It is a wise choice that the protection objects are rationally used.As a result,the available protection is a means and methods which are often adopt during protection of architectural heritage.

3 The methods of appropriate available protection

Museum-preservation mode which only maintains the historic building status passively and extends the construction life has not solved all the problems.The methods of appropriate available protection are broad adopt and have obtain good results.According to the domestic and foreign-related cases[2～5],the modes of single l available protection do not clearly solve the conflicts between the social and economic.Good reuse and two function development is in favor of the historic building to protect itself and exert social benefit.

3.1 Orsay Museum in Paris

Orsay Museum(fig.1)in Paris is located in the left bank of the Seine and formerly built in 1900 as a railway station.It was designed by architect Victor Laloux.Disabling the train station in 1977,it takes 10 years to convert into a museum.It is seen as a model of the industry construction transforming.

3.2 German parliament building

German parliament building(fig.2)is located in Berlin and was built in 1884.It is classical style.After the war,the old parliament building is incomplete as a whole.The expansion and Maintenance in 60s appears to be neither practical nor art.The traditional layout could not accommodate new features.In the reuse of the German parliament building program,Foster combines the high-tech and traditional architectural style.He retains the wall of the construction,the interior will be emptied of all and rebuild the internal structure system by the steel structure.After Foster's alteration,the solemn box of the old parliament building will w rap a modern new building.The bottom layers of the building arrange the Federal Bureau of the House,Senior Administration Committee,the Office of the Parliamentary Group,as well as the Reporter Hall.The two-storey Oval Office is in central.Oval Office has three sides surrounded by a large number of the audience.Ordinary citizens can be free to the public gallery to watch the Bundestag debate.The central dome was destroyed in World War II failed to reconstruct.Foster has created a new glass dome.For light from the dome at night,German parliament building becomes a new city logo.Foster's reuse to German parliament building not only meets new function requirements but also give a new image to this old building.

This is a strong note that Foster reuse and develop the secondary function to the German parliament building.

fig.1 Orsay Museum

fig.2 German parliament

3.3 The alteration and utilization of“Wenyuan Fang”

Since 1996,Changqing who is a professor of Tongji University began to research the question about architectural heritage to the impact of today's when he studies architectural history and theory.At that time,he brought forward the concept of“repair the old as the old,new to fill the new”.In“Wen-yuan Corner” protective design in Wuxi,architecture heritage is protected as a new mode by the removal of the“Collection”and the protection of“typology” reconstruction.So protection and reuse of the architectural heritage unified in the customs scene in the history of reproduction.The buildings which were not contact each other were removed and reorganized together.Although it is contradictory with the“authenticity” of historic environment,it is a good choice of protection to the scattered historic buildings which can not ensure its life.Each integrated buildings is“true” and the space that is characteristics of the area is“type” .This attempt put forward a strategy and way of resolving conflicts to retain some city historical memory and some evidence of civilization.The protected use should be applied to the development of urban life.

3.4 The transformation of the industrial construction

The famous British architect Foster makes an abandoned boiler room of Ruhr in Germany to become a showcase of a company′s product.The facility of the original boiler room inside is fully retained.The company′s products are on display in the old boiler room to not only retain the original image of the industry but also play a huge role in the promotion of the new company′s products.As a result,this brings a great deal of advertising effects and economic benefits.The protection of an old industrial building site is a protection of the development of the cultural industry.

In summary,the ultimate goal is not the things which make the cultural heritage become to an protection units or enter the museum,while make it to integrate into people's lives and a beautiful place.The historical breath and cultural atmosphere of cultural heritage brings joy and inspiration.It is imperative that people recognize the combination protection with use in cultural heritage[6].

4 Conclusion

After the heat wave of development land sweep across the major cities,the values of land of urban construction have been the sharp appreciation.However,the value of the historic building on the ground,particularly“architectural heritage-level building” has not been taken into account,it is often looked as the land of the“burden”and has become a negative impact on the price of the land factor.People only think the objects on the ground occupy the new space and detriment of the size of the building.They did not realize that the true value and potential of the huge social impact and economic benefits of these precious objects on the ground.Only being aware of these objects on the ground as a rare and valuable resources will make it possible that people really study and explore how to display and use them and how to play their true potential value and function.

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