BOH游客中心，金馬倫高原，彭亨，馬來(lái)西亞

2011-07-30 12:37:18司馬蕾

世界建筑 2011年11期

項(xiàng)目面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)

項(xiàng)目的大多數(shù)材料要求由本地工廠制造，原料也要求就近供應(yīng)以減少成本，滿足客戶有限的預(yù)算。同時(shí)，要找到技術(shù)符合要求的承建商也非常困難，這是因?yàn)槲覀円笏麄兡芾斫庠O(shè)計(jì)的概念，并能在立面施工上做出特定的各種細(xì)部。

建筑要求自然通風(fēng)，并要注意避免害蟲(chóng)侵入以滿足運(yùn)營(yíng)的安全要求。建筑也必須全天候向游客開(kāi)放，為設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。

進(jìn)入建筑需要通過(guò)既有的場(chǎng)地，也要保證貨車能繞著場(chǎng)地通行以運(yùn)送從工廠送出的茶葉，新建筑和既有的茶葉加工廠間需要保持一定的距離?？蛻艄镜慕?jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)在緊鄰工廠的一座樓房中進(jìn)行，因此，新建筑的設(shè)計(jì)也要避開(kāi)這座樓房。同時(shí)，在整個(gè)新建筑建設(shè)的過(guò)程中，公司只搬遷一小段時(shí)間，此外的其他建造階段均需保證經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)能持續(xù)進(jìn)行、不受干擾。另外，保證現(xiàn)有的兩層辦公樓結(jié)構(gòu)不受影響也是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。緊鄰預(yù)定的設(shè)計(jì)范圍還有一棵大樹(shù)的樹(shù)根需要保護(hù)。因?yàn)榭车魳?shù)木會(huì)造成許多問(wèn)題，我們制定了一個(gè)不需要砍樹(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。

在項(xiàng)目的第二階段設(shè)想可以建設(shè)些別墅。但由于場(chǎng)地的限制，為了保證未來(lái)的擴(kuò)建不會(huì)影響現(xiàn)有建筑，別墅被安排在與游客中心相對(duì)的一側(cè)。

設(shè)計(jì)策略

設(shè)計(jì)中盡量選用易于制造和安裝的簡(jiǎn)單建材。窗戶的設(shè)計(jì)上采用了多處折角來(lái)利于排雨，而在需要自然通風(fēng)的區(qū)域則在窗上安裝了格柵和木遮陽(yáng)板，以在保證空氣流通的同時(shí)避免雨水進(jìn)入。

平面設(shè)計(jì)讓貨車能夠繞著其外側(cè)通行，同時(shí)注意避免貨車路線的變化，以讓舊貨車也能到達(dá)工廠。這也利于適應(yīng)茶葉一直以來(lái)的運(yùn)輸方法。游客中心不直接和工廠相連，因此行人能穿梭于建筑的各個(gè)側(cè)面，也能更好地理解場(chǎng)地周邊的環(huán)境。為了在保證游客安全的同時(shí)能控制步行人流，一層樓面比地面抬高了一定高度。建筑內(nèi)只有一個(gè)出入口，利于人流的控制，而客戶要求的零售店的商業(yè)活性也因此更佳。

為了減少對(duì)客戶公司經(jīng)營(yíng)的影響，建筑采用了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)以利于在結(jié)構(gòu)的交接處和避開(kāi)樹(shù)木及柱子設(shè)置隔斷。這種方式也讓原有辦公樓能融入新建筑的平面之中。

整個(gè)建筑的一層都被架空，卡車和其他車輛能從其下通過(guò)而不會(huì)影響游客中心的運(yùn)營(yíng)。我們使用了緩坡來(lái)抬升建筑的中心部分以避免在其中設(shè)置樓梯或臺(tái)階，這也利于在將來(lái)有需要的時(shí)候拆除建筑中心的部分以讓更大的機(jī)動(dòng)車通過(guò)。

因?yàn)檫@一地區(qū)經(jīng)常性的暴風(fēng)雨天氣和強(qiáng)風(fēng)會(huì)刮斷樹(shù)枝，屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過(guò)了加固以抵御落枝的沖擊?！酰ㄋ抉R蕾譯）

1 Boh茶園/Boh Tea Centre

2 位置/Location

3 外景/Exterior view

4 立面/Elevation

5 剖面及總平面/Section & site plan 1-主入口/Main entrance 2-畫(huà)廊/Gallery 3-咖啡廳/Cafeteria 4-廚房/Kitchen 5-衛(wèi)生間/Wash area 6-零售/Retail 7-倉(cāng)庫(kù)/Storage 8-視聽(tīng)室/AV room 9-展室/Exhibition 10-停車區(qū)/Parking area 11-老廠房/Old factory

6 外景/Exterior view

7 外景/Exterior view

8 外景/Exterior view

Principal Project Challenges

Most of the work had to be done from the local factory, and materials have had to be sourced from a close-by supply to reduce impact on our cost and the Client's limited budgets. It was also very difficult to find the skills required of contractors who understood the design concepts, and the particular details we wanted for the facade.

The building had to be naturally ventilated,and thought hard about how to keep vandals and vermin alike, out of the building whilst maintaining sufficient levels of security for the operators. With that we also had to keep the building open-able at all times for visitors. This posed a great challenge for us.

The building also had to be accessed from the current locations, and we had to be sure of keeping the tractor movements around the site with delivery of the teas from the estate, with that we had to leave a gap between the new structure and the existing factory where the teas are processed. The Client kept their operations in a building located very close to the factory, and we had to construct and design around this building, whilst keeping operations intact and uninterrupted throughout the entire construction phase except for a time when they had to move out for short period. With that it was a real challenge also to make sure no structural disturbance was to be imposed to the existing 2 storey houses where the Client offices were located.There was also a very big tree we had to keep whose roots were very close to the building we wanted to put up, which would have posed enormous problems if it ever felled. We devised a plan layout to avoid cutting it down.

In phase 2 of the project, it was envisaged there might be chalets, however due to the limited site access, we had to allow for future expansions without having to demolish this building, although the chalets may be located to the opposite side of the visitor centre.

The Design Solutions

We sourced materials which are readily available, and that would be easy to fabricate and install. Our window designs permitted various angles for rain cut off, but also for areas requiring natural ventilation we devised fixed louvers and wooden cladding that allowed air to pass through without adverse rain penetration.

The building plan we devised permitted existing movements of the tractor to pass ahead of the facade, and we avoided any changes to the track ways and routes for the old tractor to make its way up to the factory. This in turn was an attraction,as it demonstrated the ways tea was delivered as it had been for a very long time. Also the visitor centre was not directly connected to the factory,this made it possible to walk across, an experience that allowed one to appreciate the context of the site better. For visitor security and controlling the flow of pedestrians, we had lifted the floor plan slightly above ground, and this also gave the Project its lightness, and feeling of floating above ground.The building has good control of people movements as the internal layouts allowed only one single entry point to the building and this made commercial sense of the retail design that was desired by the Client's operations.

In order to minimize disturbances and interruptions to Client operations, the building devised a system of steel frames that permitted cutting out of floor areas where existing structures had to be retained, and also where a tree or a column had to be avoided. The cut outs also permitted for the Clients offices to be integrated into the floor plan.

The whole structure was elevated in the centre, to allow for trucks and vehicles to pass under, without major disruptions to the operations of the Visitor Centre. With that we introduced a gentle ramp that elevated the centre of the building very gently without any need for stairs or steps internally, but also in the future it was still possible to dismantle the centre of the building to allow larger vehicles to pass through if required.

The roof structure has been reinforced to account for felling trees, as the chances of branches breaking off are high given the frequent stormy weather and its high winds in this area. □