BOH游客中心，金馬倫高原，彭亨，馬來西亞

項目面臨的主要挑戰

項目的大多數材料要求由本地工廠制造，原料也要求就近供應以減少成本，滿足客戶有限的預算。同時，要找到技術符合要求的承建商也非常困難，這是因為我們要求他們能理解設計的概念，并能在立面施工上做出特定的各種細部。

建筑要求自然通風，并要注意避免害蟲侵入以滿足運營的安全要求。建筑也必須全天候向游客開放，為設計帶來很大的挑戰。

進入建筑需要通過既有的場地，也要保證貨車能繞著場地通行以運送從工廠送出的茶葉，新建筑和既有的茶葉加工廠間需要保持一定的距離。客戶公司的經營活動在緊鄰工廠的一座樓房中進行，因此，新建筑的設計也要避開這座樓房。同時，在整個新建筑建設的過程中，公司只搬遷一小段時間，此外的其他建造階段均需保證經營活動能持續進行、不受干擾。另外，保證現有的兩層辦公樓結構不受影響也是一項巨大的挑戰。緊鄰預定的設計范圍還有一棵大樹的樹根需要保護。因為砍掉樹木會造成許多問題，我們制定了一個不需要砍樹的設計方案。

在項目的第二階段設想可以建設些別墅。但由于場地的限制，為了保證未來的擴建不會影響現有建筑，別墅被安排在與游客中心相對的一側。

設計策略

設計中盡量選用易于制造和安裝的簡單建材。窗戶的設計上采用了多處折角來利于排雨，而在需要自然通風的區域則在窗上安裝了格柵和木遮陽板，以在保證空氣流通的同時避免雨水進入。

平面設計讓貨車能夠繞著其外側通行，同時注意避免貨車路線的變化，以讓舊貨車也能到達工廠。這也利于適應茶葉一直以來的運輸方法。游客中心不直接和工廠相連，因此行人能穿梭于建筑的各個側面，也能更好地理解場地周邊的環境。為了在保證游客安全的同時能控制步行人流，一層樓面比地面抬高了一定高度。建筑內只有一個出入口，利于人流的控制，而客戶要求的零售店的商業活性也因此更佳。

為了減少對客戶公司經營的影響，建筑采用了鋼結構以利于在結構的交接處和避開樹木及柱子設置隔斷。這種方式也讓原有辦公樓能融入新建筑的平面之中。

整個建筑的一層都被架空，卡車和其他車輛能從其下通過而不會影響游客中心的運營。我們使用了緩坡來抬升建筑的中心部分以避免在其中設置樓梯或臺階，這也利于在將來有需要的時候拆除建筑中心的部分以讓更大的機動車通過。

因為這一地區經常性的暴風雨天氣和強風會刮斷樹枝，屋頂結構經過了加固以抵御落枝的沖擊。□（司馬蕾 譯）

1 Boh茶園/Boh Tea Centre

2 位置/Location

3 外景/Exterior view

4 立面/Elevation

5 剖面及總平面/Section & site plan 1-主入口/Main entrance 2-畫廊/Gallery 3-咖啡廳/Cafeteria 4-廚房/Kitchen 5-衛生間/Wash area 6-零售/Retail 7-倉庫/Storage 8-視聽室/AV room 9-展室/Exhibition 10-停車區/Parking area 11-老廠房/Old factory

6 外景/Exterior view

7 外景/Exterior view

8 外景/Exterior view

Principal Project Challenges

Most of the work had to be done from the local factory, and materials have had to be sourced from a close-by supply to reduce impact on our cost and the Client's limited budgets. It was also very difficult to find the skills required of contractors who understood the design concepts, and the particular details we wanted for the facade.

The building had to be naturally ventilated,and thought hard about how to keep vandals and vermin alike, out of the building whilst maintaining sufficient levels of security for the operators. With that we also had to keep the building open-able at all times for visitors. This posed a great challenge for us.

The building also had to be accessed from the current locations, and we had to be sure of keeping the tractor movements around the site with delivery of the teas from the estate, with that we had to leave a gap between the new structure and the existing factory where the teas are processed. The Client kept their operations in a building located very close to the factory, and we had to construct and design around this building, whilst keeping operations intact and uninterrupted throughout the entire construction phase except for a time when they had to move out for short period. With that it was a real challenge also to make sure no structural disturbance was to be imposed to the existing 2 storey houses where the Client offices were located.There was also a very big tree we had to keep whose roots were very close to the building we wanted to put up, which would have posed enormous problems if it ever felled. We devised a plan layout to avoid cutting it down.

In phase 2 of the project, it was envisaged there might be chalets, however due to the limited site access, we had to allow for future expansions without having to demolish this building, although the chalets may be located to the opposite side of the visitor centre.

The Design Solutions

We sourced materials which are readily available, and that would be easy to fabricate and install. Our window designs permitted various angles for rain cut off, but also for areas requiring natural ventilation we devised fixed louvers and wooden cladding that allowed air to pass through without adverse rain penetration.

The building plan we devised permitted existing movements of the tractor to pass ahead of the facade, and we avoided any changes to the track ways and routes for the old tractor to make its way up to the factory. This in turn was an attraction,as it demonstrated the ways tea was delivered as it had been for a very long time. Also the visitor centre was not directly connected to the factory,this made it possible to walk across, an experience that allowed one to appreciate the context of the site better. For visitor security and controlling the flow of pedestrians, we had lifted the floor plan slightly above ground, and this also gave the Project its lightness, and feeling of floating above ground.The building has good control of people movements as the internal layouts allowed only one single entry point to the building and this made commercial sense of the retail design that was desired by the Client's operations.

In order to minimize disturbances and interruptions to Client operations, the building devised a system of steel frames that permitted cutting out of floor areas where existing structures had to be retained, and also where a tree or a column had to be avoided. The cut outs also permitted for the Clients offices to be integrated into the floor plan.

The whole structure was elevated in the centre, to allow for trucks and vehicles to pass under, without major disruptions to the operations of the Visitor Centre. With that we introduced a gentle ramp that elevated the centre of the building very gently without any need for stairs or steps internally, but also in the future it was still possible to dismantle the centre of the building to allow larger vehicles to pass through if required.

The roof structure has been reinforced to account for felling trees, as the chances of branches breaking off are high given the frequent stormy weather and its high winds in this area. □

9 材料/Materials

10 材料/Materials

11 材料/Materials

12 材料/Materials

13 入口立面/Elevation of the entrance

14 展室立面/Elevation of the exhibition

15 商店立面/Elevation of the shop

16 咖啡廳立面/Elevation of the cafeteria

17 外景/Exterior view