石毅 孫躍明 白劍鋒 陸文熊 傅贊 奚春華 趙翰林 苗毅
·論著·
磷酸化轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子5在胰腺癌細(xì)胞的表達(dá)及生長(zhǎng)激素的干預(yù)作用
石毅 孫躍明 白劍鋒 陸文熊 傅贊 奚春華 趙翰林 苗毅
目的檢測(cè)磷酸化轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子5(pSTAT5)在7株胰腺癌細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá),觀察生長(zhǎng)激素(GH)處理SW1990細(xì)胞及其移植瘤后pSTAT5表達(dá)的變化,探討GH的分子作用機(jī)制。方法體外培養(yǎng)人胰腺癌細(xì)胞株SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1,Western blotting檢測(cè)各株細(xì)胞的pSTAT5表達(dá); 收集指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的SW1990細(xì)胞接種于BALB/C裸鼠,成瘤后隨機(jī)分為GH組(瘤內(nèi)注入GH 4 mg·kg-1·d-1,連續(xù)2周)和對(duì)照組(NS組),最后一次注射GH后1、2、24 h分批處死裸鼠,Western blotting檢測(cè)SW1990細(xì)胞和移植瘤pSTAT5蛋白表達(dá)的變化。結(jié)果所有胰腺癌細(xì)胞(SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1)均有pSTAT5表達(dá)。GH(50 ng/ml)刺激后5 min,SW1990細(xì)胞pSTAT5的表達(dá)量為0.57±0.05,較刺激前顯著增高,10 min達(dá)到0.64±0.04,15 min很快下降至0.39±0.03,但直至1 h仍高于對(duì)照組(0.33±0.02對(duì)0.25±0.06),2 h后表達(dá)量為0.26±0.03,回落到基礎(chǔ)水平。移植瘤pSTAT5表達(dá)無(wú)明顯變化。結(jié)論GH可迅速上調(diào)SW1990細(xì)胞的pSTAT5表達(dá),但維持時(shí)間較短,而對(duì)胰腺癌移植瘤pSTAT5的表達(dá)無(wú)顯著影響。
胰腺腫瘤; STAT5轉(zhuǎn)錄因子; 生長(zhǎng)激素; 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
生長(zhǎng)激素(GH)作為合成代謝劑對(duì)增進(jìn)蛋白合成、改善氮平衡有確切效應(yīng),但是否刺激腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)仍有爭(zhēng)議。我們前期動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),GH在體外能刺激胰腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖,但對(duì)在體腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)無(wú)明顯影響。本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察GH刺激后胰腺癌細(xì)胞株的胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)蛋白——磷酸化轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子5(pSTAT5)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,旨在從生長(zhǎng)因子-細(xì)胞信號(hào)的角度探討外源性GH的作用機(jī)制。
一、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及pSTAT5檢測(cè)
7株人胰腺癌細(xì)胞SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1由北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院基本外科實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。除Mia用DMEM培養(yǎng)基外,其他6株細(xì)胞均用1640培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)、傳代。Western blotting檢測(cè)各細(xì)胞株pSTAT5的表達(dá)。
二、移植瘤模型及分組
雌性BALB/c裸小鼠28只,由復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部動(dòng)物所提供,在北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院動(dòng)物房按SPF級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飼養(yǎng)。收集指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的SW1990細(xì)胞,于裸鼠背部皮下注射5×106個(gè)細(xì)胞,成瘤后按完全隨機(jī)法將28只裸鼠分為GH組(21只)和對(duì)照組(7只)。GH組瘤內(nèi)注射GH(瑞士Serono公司)4 mg·kg-1·d-1,連續(xù)2周。對(duì)照組注射等容積生理鹽水。
三、SW1990細(xì)胞和移植瘤pSTAT5蛋白的檢測(cè)
SW1990細(xì)胞以完全培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)2 d后更換為無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,加入GH,終濃度為50 ng/ml。在GH作用后5、10、15、30、45 min及1、2 h分別棄去培養(yǎng)液,胰蛋白酶消化,收集細(xì)胞。荷瘤裸鼠于最后一次注射GH后1、2、24 h分批處死裸鼠,切除腫瘤后置-80℃低溫保存。細(xì)胞或組織4℃超聲破碎,加入新鮮配制含特殊穩(wěn)定劑的裂解液(Tris-HCl10 mmol/L,EDTA5 mmol/L,NaCl 50 mmol/L,焦磷酸鈉30 mmol/L,氟化鈉50 mmol/L,原礬酸鈉1 mmol/L,1%Triton-100,PMSF1 mmol/L,抑肽酶5 μg/ml,亮肽素1 μg/ml,胃蛋白酶抑制劑A 2 μg/ml,pH 8),4℃ 14 000 r/min離心20 min,取上清,BCA蛋白檢測(cè)試劑盒(美國(guó)Piece公司)測(cè)定蛋白濃度,常規(guī)行Western blotting。山羊抗人pSTAT5多抗(美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司)1∶100稀釋, 兔抗山羊-HRP-IgG (中山生物技術(shù)公司)1∶5000稀釋,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,最后ECL(美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司)發(fā)光, 暗室內(nèi)壓片,數(shù)字成像系統(tǒng)(美國(guó)UVP公司)掃描。以目的蛋白與β-actin灰度值的比值表示蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

一、胰腺癌細(xì)胞pSTAT5的表達(dá)
SW1990、Cap-1、Colo、Mia、Aspc、P3、PANC1均有pSTAT5表達(dá),其中以Colo的表達(dá)最強(qiáng)(圖1)。
二、GH對(duì)SW1990細(xì)胞pSTAT5表達(dá)的影響
外源性GH可增強(qiáng)體外培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞SW1990中pSTAT5的表達(dá)(圖2)。GH刺激后5 min,pSTAT5的表達(dá)量為0.57±0.05,較刺激前增高,10 min時(shí)達(dá)到峰值,為0.64±0.04(P<0.01),15 min很快下降至0.39±0.03,但直至1 h仍高于對(duì)照組0.33±0.02對(duì)0.25±0.06,2 h時(shí)回落至0.26±0.03。

圖1 pSTAT5在7株胰腺癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)

圖2 GH刺激后SW1990中pSTAT3的表達(dá)
三、GH對(duì)移植瘤pSTAT5表達(dá)的影響
對(duì)照組pSTAT5的表達(dá)量為0.25±0.04,注射GH后1、2、24 h移植瘤組織中pSTAT5表達(dá)量分別為0.27±0.07、0.28±0.06、0.21±0.05,各組間無(wú)顯著差異(圖3)。

圖3 移植瘤組織pSTAT5的表達(dá)(Western blotting)
重組GH廣泛調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體物質(zhì)代謝、體液平衡及免疫功能[1]。理論上,惡病質(zhì)患者的營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持具有正面意義,而作為合成代謝劑的GH在促進(jìn)氮平衡的同時(shí)是否也刺激腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)一直是臨床關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。我們前期研究[2]發(fā)現(xiàn),GH對(duì)胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響存在著體內(nèi)外差異,因此有必要進(jìn)一步深入觀察這一過(guò)程。
GH主要通過(guò)JAK-STAT通路向核內(nèi)傳遞。隨著JAK的激活,GH發(fā)生自體磷酸化,并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子STAT5的激活[3],形成二聚體,并以這種形式穿過(guò)核膜結(jié)合到特定DNA序列,繼而發(fā)揮生物學(xué)功能[4]。
有研究認(rèn)為,多種腫瘤細(xì)胞,如前列腺癌、乳癌等可持續(xù)表達(dá)pSTAT5,且這種活化狀態(tài)作為這些腫瘤細(xì)胞的標(biāo)記,并與預(yù)后有關(guān)[5]。
本組選用低分化的人胰腺癌SW1990細(xì)胞,在加入GH后僅5 min, 細(xì)胞內(nèi)pSTAT5的表達(dá)就顯著增強(qiáng),10 min時(shí)達(dá)峰值,提示GH能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速促進(jìn)pSTAT5的表達(dá)。2 h后表達(dá)減弱至基礎(chǔ)水平,說(shuō)明STAT5表達(dá)升高時(shí)間短暫,但仍足以引發(fā)細(xì)胞分裂、增殖等下游事件的發(fā)生。
與體外實(shí)驗(yàn)相反,移植瘤內(nèi)注射GH后1、2、24 h時(shí)pSTAT5表達(dá)無(wú)顯著改變。這是因?yàn)榧?xì)胞因子在體內(nèi)環(huán)境中對(duì)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的作用受到神經(jīng)、內(nèi)分泌的多重調(diào)節(jié),機(jī)體復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)控系統(tǒng)與體外單純的培養(yǎng)環(huán)境有很大差距。由于僅限于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),本組結(jié)果并不能成為臨床上GH可安全應(yīng)用于腫瘤的依據(jù)。
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2009-10-09)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
ExpressionofpSTAT5inpancreaticcarcinomacellsandeffectofgrowthhormoneonpSTAT5
SHIYi,SUNYue-ming,BAIJian-feng,LUWen-xiong,FUZan,XIChun-hua,ZHAOHan-lin,MIAOYi.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,FirstAffiliatedHospital,NanjingMedicalUniversity,Nanjing210029,China
SHIYi,Email:chxiay@yahoo.com.cn
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of pSTAT5 in 7 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, and the change of expression of pSTAT5 in pancreatic carcinoma cells SW1990 after growth hormone (GH) treatment, and explore its molecular mechanism.MethodsHuman pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (SW1990, Cap-1, Colo, Mia, AsPc, P3, PANC1) were cultured in vitro, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of pSTAT5 in these cell lines. SW1990 in exponential growth phase was collected and nude Balb/c mice were inoculated with SW1990 cells. When tumors became palpable after inoculation, mice were randomized to receive GH (intratumorally 4 mg·kg-1·d-1once daily for 2 weeks) and control group (normal saline group). 1 h, 2 h and 24 h after the last dose of GH treatment, the mice were sacrificed. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of pSTAT5 in SW1990 and inoculation tumor cells after GH injection.ResultsPositive expression of pSTAT5 was observed in all human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (SW1990, Cap-1, Colo, Mia, Aspc, P3, PANC1). 5 minutes after GH (50 ng/ml) stimulation, the expression of pSTAT5 in SW1990 was 0.57±0.05, which was significantly increased; and it reached 0.64±0.04 at 10 minutes, then decreased to 0.39±0.03 at 15 minutes, however, it remained higher than that in the control group at 1 h (0.33±0.02 vs 0.25±0.06), and its expression at 2 h was 0.26±0.03 and returned to the normal level. The expression of pSTAT5 in xenograft was not significantly changed.ConclusionsGH could rapidly up-regulate the expression of pSTAT5 in SW1990 but the effect lasted for a relatively short period. GH had no significant effect on the expression of pSTAT5 in xenograft.
Pancreatic neoplasms; STAT5 transcription factor; Growth hormone; Signal transducing
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.01.012
210029 江蘇南京,南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院普外科
石毅,Email:chxiay@yahoo.com.cn