陸奕 高軍 吳洪玉 龔燕芳 趙航 李兆申
·論著·
同種異體骨髓間充質干細胞在急性壞死性胰腺炎大鼠中的遷移和分化
陸奕 高軍 吳洪玉 龔燕芳 趙航 李兆申
目的觀察同種異體來源的骨髓間充質干細胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)在急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠中的遷移及分化狀況。方法分離、純化雄性SD大鼠的骨髓MSCs。按數字表法將雌性SD大鼠分為正常移植組、ANP移植組和ANP組,每組10只。采用腹腔注射L-精氨酸方法制備ANP模型。24 h后2個移植組大鼠經尾靜脈輸注MSCs。移植后72 h處死大鼠,取胰腺及心臟、肝臟、腎臟組織標本。胰腺組織常規病理檢查并評分,采用原位雜交方法檢測各組織Y染色體雄性鑒別基因sry片段的存在。結果分離的MSCs在培養3~5 d內快速分裂增殖,形成集落,傳代培養至第3代,CD29+CD44+CD45-細胞群達到95%以上。ANP組大鼠胰腺組織大片壞死,大量炎細胞浸潤,病理分值為(10.31±0.85)分,顯著高于ANP移植組的(7.30±0.79)分(P﹤0.05)。移植組大鼠的心臟、肝臟、胰腺、腎臟均可檢測到sry基因。正常移植組胰腺組織可見散在分布的sry陽性細胞;ANP移植組胰腺組織可見較多sry陽性細胞,且多聚集于損傷較嚴重的部位。結論炎性損傷的胰腺組織可能具有招募MSCs的能力,并能減輕大鼠胰腺局部的炎癥反應。
胰腺炎,急性壞死性; 骨髓間質干細胞; 細胞運動; 細胞分化; 原位雜交
干細胞移植已經初步應用于多種人類疾病的治療[1]。骨髓間充質干細胞(MSCs)具備很強的分化潛能,在特定條件下,可誘導分化為多種組織細胞[2-3],還可隨血液循環到達其他器官組織[3], 以滿足其生理更新和病理損傷修復的需要。文獻報道[3-4],動員MSCs可減輕重癥急性胰腺炎病情,改善其預后。本研究觀察同種異體MSCs在正常大鼠與急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠胰腺組織中的遷移、分化情況。
一、MSCs的分離、培養和鑒定
100~150 g雄性SD大鼠,由第二軍醫大學動物實驗中心提供。在無菌條件下分離出股骨。剪開骨端,用10%FBS反復沖洗髓腔,直至骨干發白。骨髓沖洗液以800 r/min離心5 min,棄上清,加入含10%FBS的DMEM+F12(Gibco BRL公司)培養液5 ml吹打均勻,按5×105/cm2密度接種于含上述培養液的培養瓶中常規培養。待細胞生長達90%融合時傳代,此后約1周左右傳代一次。傳至第三代時收獲細胞并計數,分別加入5個離心管,每管約105個細胞。3個管分別加入anti-CD29-PE/CY5(Biolegend公司)、anti-CD44-FITC(AbD Serotec公司)、anti-CD45-PE(Biolegend公司);1個管同時加入3種抗體(混合管);1管為空白管。常溫下避光孵育30 min后PBS洗滌二次,重懸細胞。上流式細胞儀(美國Becton Dickinson公司)分析CD29+CD44+CD45-細胞占總體細胞比例。
二、大鼠模型的建立及MSCs移植
雌性SD大鼠,亦由第二軍醫大學動物實驗中心提供。體重180~220 g,清潔級,適應性喂養1周。實驗前12 h禁食。按數字表法將大鼠隨機分為正常移植組、ANP移植組和ANP組,每組10只。參考文獻[5],以腹腔注射L-精氨酸(Sigma公司)2.5 g/kg體重2次、間隔1 h方法制備急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)模型。造模后24 h,2個移植組大鼠經尾靜脈輸注三代以上的MSCs(5~7)×107個。72 h后處死,取胰腺及心臟、肝臟、腎組織,常規固定。
三、病理檢查及原位雜交
胰腺組織常規病理檢查,采用盲法由病理科醫師閱片,按照Schmidt標準[6]進行評分。對胰腺及心、肝、腎組織,應用大鼠雄性決定基因Y染色體的sry探針(天津灝洋生物公司)行原位雜交。
一、MSCs體外培養特征
原代培養時, MSCs大量增殖形成“爆發”樣集落,同時也存在散在分布的貼壁MSCs,呈現為三角形、梭形等形態,小部分細胞可呈單極、多角或不規則形狀。傳代培養后,散在分布的貼壁MSCs依然呈梭形、三角形、多角形等形態。起初,數個增殖活躍的MSCs稀疏排列在一起,3~5 d內,細胞大量分裂增殖,快速形成集落 (圖1)。

圖1 原代(a)及傳代(b)培養的MSCs(×100)
二、MSCs細胞表型
原代培養細胞有多個細胞群,主要有CD29+CD44+CD45-, CD29+CD44-CD45+, CD29+CD44-CD45-等,其中CD29+CD44+CD45-群為MSCs細胞。傳代培養后CD29+CD44+CD45-群的比例增加,至第3代時,達到95%以上。
三、大鼠胰腺組織病理改變
ANP組大鼠胰腺明顯充血、水腫;鏡下見胰腺組織腺泡結構明顯破壞,大片壞死,大量炎細胞浸潤,病理分值為(10.31±0.85)分。ANP移植組胰腺充血水腫較ANP組明顯改善;鏡下見腺泡結構較完整,少量炎細胞浸潤,出血及壞死均較ANP組明顯減輕,病理分值為(7.30±0.79)分,較ANP組顯著降低(P﹤0.05)。正常移植組胰腺大體及鏡下均無明顯改變(圖2左)。
四、同種異體移植MSCs在體內的定位
正常移植組和ANP移植組大鼠的心臟、肝臟、胰腺、腎臟均可檢測到sry基因,而ANP組大鼠未檢測到sry基因。正常移植組胰腺內見散在的sry陽性細胞;ANP移植組大鼠胰腺內也可見sry陽性細胞,多聚集于損傷較嚴重部位的細胞內;ANP組大鼠胰腺內未見sry陽性細胞(圖2右)。

圖2正常移植組(a)、ANP移植組(b)和ANP組(c)胰腺組織病理改變(左列,HE ×200)和胰腺組織sry陽性細胞(右列,原位雜交 ×200)
生理情況下,胰腺的自我更新依賴于胰腺干細胞。Bonner-Weir等[7]切除大鼠90%胰腺后,殘存的胰腺明顯增殖,形成新的胰島和胰腺外分泌組織,提示胰腺存在能分化成具有特異功能的細胞。Ishiwata等[8]在L-精氨酸誘導胰腺炎的胰腺組織內檢測到nestin陽性細胞,提示胰腺成體干細胞參與了胰腺的再生。
分離、純化人胰腺成體干細胞比較困難,而MSCs則有取材方便、創傷性小、不受倫理道德和移植免疫排斥影響等優點,并可在體外大量培養擴增。本實驗結果顯示,體外分離培養的大鼠MSCs可遷移至胰腺組織。在ANP大鼠,干細胞多聚集于損傷較嚴重的部位,推測損傷部位可能產生某種細胞因子,招募干細胞到達該部位參與組織損傷修復,與Prockop[9]的研究結果一致。移植MSCs后,ANP大鼠胰腺的炎癥損傷程度明顯低于對照組,表明同種異體移植的MSCs在胰腺新的微環境下轉化為胰腺干細胞,參與胰腺組織重建,遏制胰腺進行性壞死。當然,MSCs在胰腺發生轉分化的直接證據需要通過原位雜交與免疫組化共定位來進一步證實。
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2010-02-05)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
Migrationanddifferentiationofintravenouslytransplantedbonemarrowmesenchymalstemcellsinratswithacutenecrotizingpancreatitis
LUYi,GAOJun,WUHong-yu,GONGYan-fang,ZHAOHang,LIZhao-shen.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,ChanghaiHospital,SecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,China
LIZhao-shen,Email:zhsli@81890.net
ObjectiveTo observe whether the intravenously transplanted homologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to the impaired pancreas tissue in the rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).MethodsMSCs were isolated from bone marrow of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and adhered to the culture plate in vitro. Female rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: normal transplantation group, ANP transplantation group, ANP group with 10 rats in each group. ANP was induced by intraperitoneal injections with L-arginine. Both transplantation group
MSCs infusion through tail vein. 72 h later, the rats were sacrificed, the pancreas, heart, liver and kidney tissues were harvested, and the morphological changes were examined and scored, the characteristics of migration of MSCs to pancreas were detected with the expression of sry gene of Y chromosome by using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).ResultsRapid proliferation occurred in isolated MSCs after culture for 3~5 days and colonies were formed. After 3 generations, CD29+CD44+CD45-cells accounted for over 95% of all the cells. There ware massive tissue necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltration in the pancreas of ANP group, the pathological score was 10.31±0.85, which were significantly higher than that in ANP transplantation group (7.30±0.79,P﹤0.05). Sry gene could be detected in the pancreas, heart, liver and kidney tissues. In addition, scattered distributed sry positive cells were observed in the normally transplanted pancreatic tissue, lots of sry positive cells were observed in the ANP transplanted pancreatic tissue, and they were located in the most injured areas.ConclusionsThe inflammatory pancreatic tissue has the ability of recruiting MSCs in vivo, which can alleviate local inflammation.
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Cell movement; Cell differentiation; In situ hybridization
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.01.014
國家自然科學基金(30670943)
200433 上海,第二軍醫大學長海醫院消化內科(陸奕、高軍、吳洪玉、龔燕芳、李兆申);上海市第六人民醫院內科(陸奕);上海市第一人民醫院消化內科(趙航)
李兆申,Email:zhsli@81890.net