英語專業四八級考試寫作范文糾謬及例析

顧祖良

（常熟理工學院 外國語學院，江蘇 常熟 215500）

《高校英語專業四級考試大綱》和《高校英語專業八級考試大綱》對寫作測試分別做出了規定：前者a）作文。要求根據所給的題目和列出的寫作提綱或圖表、數字統計表等寫一篇200詞的短文，能做到內容切題、完整，條理清楚，文章結構嚴謹，語法正確，語言通順恰當。作文的類別有說明文、議論文或記敘文。b）便條。要求根據提示寫大約50～60詞的便條、通知、請帖等。要求做到格式正確，語言得體。后者考生應能根據所給題目及要求撰寫一篇400詞左右的說明文或議論文。要求語言通順，用詞得體，結構合理，文體恰當，并具有說服力。這不僅要求學生有扎實的英語基本功，還要掌握英語寫作的相關知識。為了讓學生在考試時取得好成績，上海外國語大學的沈金佰副教授主編了《英語專業4級考試寫作黃金模板》（下文簡稱《四級》）、黃任教授主審了《英語專業8級考試寫作標準范文背誦》（下文簡稱《八級》）。這兩書不僅提供了熱點作文題、精彩的范文，而且還在每篇范文后精心設計了閃光詞句和重點詞句，并給予精彩的賞析與點評。不過，在所給范文中，筆者發現有一些英語句子不規范，存在著詞匯和語法等方面的錯誤，可能會誤導學生。本文舉出一些實例，加以淺析，供讀者參考。

一、詞匯方面的錯誤

1.冠詞錯誤

（1）For one thing，I am of opinion that library is more of a reliable source of information.（《四級》p.30）

此句有誤：be of the opinion that是固定搭配，冠詞 the不可缺少。例如：

1）“The committee is of the opinion that Barnes was wrongfully dismissed.委員會認為解雇巴訥斯，解雇錯了。”［1］1018

2）“Aristotle was of the opinion that there would always be rich and poor in society.亞里斯多德認為社會上總有富人和窮人?！保?］994

另外，library是可數名詞，作單數用時，一般不單獨使用，其前要跟相應的冠詞連用。

因此，（1）句宜改為：For one thing，I am of the opinion that a library ismore of a reliable source of in?formation.

（2）Besides，if the interview takes the form of workshop，the interviewee will learn the importance of taking initiative or cooperating with others.（《八級》p.18）

此句take the initiative是固定搭配，冠詞the不可缺少。例如：

3）“He took the initiative in organizing a party af?ter his brother’s wedding.他弟弟的婚禮過后，他代替籌辦了一次聚會?！保?］896

4）“Itwas up to the US to take the initiative in re?pairing relations.在修復關系方面應由美國采取主動。”［4］909

因此，（2）句宜改為：Besides，if the interview takes the form of workshop，the interviewee will learn the importance of taking the initiative or cooperating with others.

2.名詞錯誤

（1）Undoubtedly，trainees willmake better prepa?ration for their exams.（《四級》p.101）

（2）Let’s look forward，and the most important thing is to make good preparation for the next exam.（《四級》p.184）

以上兩句中的preparation用得欠妥，make prepa?rations for sth.是固定搭配，preparations不可改為preparation。例如：

5）“The country ismaking preparations for war.這個國家正在進行備戰?！保?］1351

6）“Preparations are beingmade for the President’s visit.正在作準備迎接總統的來訪。”［1］1132

因此，原句宜改為：

（1）Undoubtedly，trainees willmake better prepa?rations for their exams.

（2）Let’s look forward，and the most important thing is tomake good preparations for the next exam.

3.介詞錯誤

（1）In my point of view，there are some reasons for it.（《四級》p.154）

此句中的in my point of view有誤，按英語的表達習慣，既可說in one’s view，也可說from one’s point of view或 from one’s viewpoint，不說 in one’s point of view。例如：

7）“In my view，he’s a fool.照我看，他是個傻瓜。”［5］400

8）“From my point of view，no changes should be made.依我看，不應該作任何改變?！保?］415

9）“From his viewpoint，he had done nothing wrong.依他看來，他沒做錯什么?！保?］1608

因此，（1）句宜改為：From my point of view，there are some reasons for it.也可改為：In my view/ From my viewpoint，there are some reasons for it.

（2）Values and ethics should be inculcated to peo?ple as they mature，as that kind of information will build them for being good citizens.（《八級》p.173）

此句有誤：動詞inculcate的句型是inculcate sth. in/into/on/upon sb.，或inculcate sb.with sth.inculcate作“向某人反復灌輸某事”解，不跟介詞to連用。例如：

10）“They inculcated the will to succeed in all their children.他們向他們所有的子女反復灌輸立志成功的決心。”［3］884

11）“Schools inculcate patriotic ideas into chil?dren from an early age.學校從早期教育開始就向學生灌輸愛國主義思想?！保?］207

12）“The teacher inculcated love of knowledge on/ upon his students.老師諄諄教導學生要熱愛知識。”［7］265

13）“They inculcated all their children with the will to succeed.他們諄諄教誨他們所有的孩子要立志取得成功。”［3］884

因此，（2）句宜改為：Values and ethics should be inculcated in/into/on people as they mature，as that kind of information will build them for being good citi?zens.

4.連詞錯誤

（1）Also，entering the classroom after the instruc?tion’s presentation has started can be distracting both to the instructor as well as to other students.（《八級》p.88）

（2）This way，it will eventually benefit both us clients and the service industry alike.（《八級》p.156）

以上兩例中的as well as和alike用得欠妥，both后要跟 and連用。例如：

14）“Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里。”［4］183

15）“For this job you will need a good knowledge of both Italian and Spanish.擔任這項工作需要精通意大利語和西班牙語?！保?］183

因此，原例句宜分別改為：

（1）Also，entering the classroom after the instruc? tion’s presentation has started can be distracting both to the instructor and to other students.或Also，enter?ing the classroom after the instruction’s presentation has started can be distracting to the instructor as well as to other students.

（2）This way，it will eventually benefit both us clients and the service industry.或This way，it will eventually benefit us clients and the service industry alike.

5.詞性錯誤

（1）Being lack of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe mal?nutrition.（《四級》p.87）

此句有誤：lack是名詞，并非形容詞；表示“缺少”時，可用動詞lack，也可用be lacking in。前者既可跟物質名詞也可跟抽象名詞，而后者只跟抽象名詞；也可用be short of來表示“缺少”，其后跟物質名詞。例如：

16）“Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.有些住宅仍沒有像衛生間這樣的基本設施?！保?］974

17）“She has the determination that her brother lacks.她有決心，而她兄弟卻沒有?！保?］975

18）“We’re short of sugar/apples.我們缺少糖［蘋果］?！保?］970

因此，（1）句宜改為：Lacking sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.也可改為：Being short of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.還可改為：For lack of sleep and dinner，children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.（for lack of sth.作“因缺少……”解）

（2）People，especially fashion-followers are often“blackmailed”by fashion-designers and stores，for the clothes they call fashionable are often uncom fort?able to wear and do not worth the marked price as their real value deserves.（《八級》p.196）

此句有誤：worth不是動詞，是介詞，常用在be動詞后。例如：

19）“How much is your car worth？你的車子值多少錢？”［3］2021

20）“It is well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番工夫去學會怎樣做這事?！保?］2021

因此，（2）句宜改為：People，especially fash?ion-followers are often“blackmailed”by fashion-de?signers and stores，for the clothes they call fashion?able are often uncom fortable to wear and are not worth themarked price as their real value deserves.

二、句式錯誤

（1）Please give me a phone call and letme know whether it is OK，or when you are convenient.（《四級》p.190）

此句有誤：按照英語的表達習慣，形容詞conve?nient，不可用于sb.be convenient的結構，宜用在 it is convenient to/for sb.的句型中。例如：

21）“If it is convenient to you，I will call at two o’clock.如果你方便的話，我2點鐘給你打電話。”［8］147

22）“Come whenever it is convenient to you.什么時候方便就什么時候來?！保?］359

因此，（1）句宜改為：Please give me a phone call and letme know whether it is OK，or when it is conve?nient to you.

（2）May you a quick recovery.（《四級》p.209）

此句may sb后不可直接跟名詞，要跟動詞再加其他成分；而wish sb后可直接跟名詞。例如：

23）“May you have a very happy married life.祝你的婚姻生活幸福美滿。”［3］1090

24）“May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新郎新娘生活美滿白頭偕老?！保?］885

25）“We wish you amerry Christmas.祝你圣誕快樂。”［9］1811

26）“She called to wish me a happy birthday.她打電話來祝我生日快樂?！保?］1657

因此，（2）句宜改為：May you have a quick recov?ery.或可改為：W ish you a quick recovery.

從上述的實例和分析中，我們可以看出在《英語專業4級考試寫作黃金模板》和《英語專業8級考試寫作標準范文背誦》的作文范文中確實存在著不少錯誤，有英語詞匯方面的，也有英語語法方面的錯誤。由于篇幅有限，原書中還有其他錯誤如動詞搭配不當等，在本文中未提及。筆者認為既然是范文，應盡量避免出現各種錯誤，否則，會誤導讀者。筆者希望原作者能注意到上述所指出的錯誤，若再版時，糾正錯誤，讓讀者能真正從中受益，提高英語寫作水平。

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