完形填空經典題型大突破

2012-04-12 00:00:00張慶

初中生世界·九年級 2012年6期

完形填空是一種綜合性很強的測試題型。它不僅能測試出被測試者的英語知識水平，而且能測試被測試者綜合運用英語語言知識的能力。

一、試題類型

1. 語言知識型，如各種語法規則、句型句式等。也包括詞匯型，考查單詞在特定語境下的基本用法、某些習慣用法、常用搭配等。

2. 判斷推理型，考查考生對篇章的整體理解、上下文段落的銜接、邏輯思維與判斷推理能力等。

3. 綜合型，即對知識與能力綜合運用的考查。

二、試題考點

通過分析研究2010年和2011年全省各地中考完形填空題，可以總結出該類題型的一些特點：

1. 以考查文意為主，注重考查考生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境的把握能力，尤其是對整體語義的理解能力；

2. 考查信息詞匯，或通常所說的“實詞”——名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的用法或辨析，所占比重較大；

3. 考查連接詞，考查考生對行文邏輯的掌握及上下文之間關聯詞的理解；

4. 結合文章考查對詞語用法的掌握，主要涉及兩個方面：詞義辨析與慣用搭配；

5. 結合文章考查語法（如時態、冠詞用法等），但這種題有逐年減少的趨勢。

三、備考要求

完形填空題歷來是考生最感頭痛也是失分最多的題型之一。有些考生為了能在完形填空上有所突破，考前到處尋找這種題目去做，而效果卻并不十分明顯。筆者認為，從聽說讀寫各方面入手，提高整體英語水平，才是做好此類題目的關鍵。

1. 要達到充足的詞匯量。要準確理解和掌握課標所要求掌握的詞匯的音、形、義及用法。特別要注意熟練掌握相當數量的短語和慣用法。

2. 要打下堅實的語法基礎。表面上看，近幾年的中考幾乎沒有單純考語法的試題，因此，一些師生便認為語法的學習不再重要。這樣的理解是片面的。實際上，注重對交際應用能力的考查從某種程度上說是對考生提出了更高的要求，考生必須打下堅實的語法基礎，才能結合具體語言情境做出正確判斷。

3. 要積累一定的閱讀經驗。應經常閱讀一些短小精悍的文章，對各種體裁、題材、風格的文章都應有所涉及。通過閱讀培養語感和基本的閱讀理解能力。

四、題例回顧

下面結合一道中考題，具體談一談解題技巧問題。

(2011?江蘇泰州?二)

An old farmer lived with his grandson. Each morning， the 1 got up early and read his Bhagavad Gita(薄迦梵歌).

One day the grandson asked， “Grandpa! I try to read the book like you 2 I cant understand it， and I forget it easily. Whats the 3 of reading it?”

The grandfather said，“Take this coal(煤炭) basket down to the 4 and bring me back a basket of water.”

The boy did as his grandfather 5 ， but all the water ran 6 he got home. The grandfather laughed， “Youll have to move faster next time.”

This time the boy 7 faster， but again the basket was empty. He told his grandfather that it was 8 to carry water in a basket. He wanted to use a bottle instead， but the old man said， “I just want a basket of water. Youre not 9 hard enough.”

The boy wanted to show his grandfather that the water would surely run. He again put the 10 into the river and ran hard. But there wasnt anything in it again. He said 11 ， “Look， grandpa， its useless!”

“Watch the basket.” said the grandfather.

For the first time the boy 12 the basket was different. It had changed from a dirty old coal basket into a 13 one， inside and out.

“Boy， you might not understand or remember 14 when you read the book， but when you read it， you will be 15 ， inside and out. Thats what you got from it.”

( )1. A. son B. father C. grandfather D. grandmother

( )2. A. so B. but C. or D. and

( )3. A. time B. place C. use D. habit

( )4. A. house B. beach C. lake D. river

( )5. A. said B. saw C. liked D. did

( )6. A. as B. after C. until D. before

( )7. A. ran B. rode C. drove D. flew

( )8. A. difficult B. interesting C. impossible D. unimportant

( )9. A. hitting B. trying C. holding D. studying

( )10. A. hand B. bottle C. basket D. coal

( )11. A. sadly B. hopefully C. excitedly D. happily

( )12. A. forgot B. realized C. believed D. remembered

( )13. A. white B. clean C. new D. black

( )14. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything

( )15. A. different B. relaxed C. curious D. worried

短文大意：本文是一個故事，主要講述一個農村的老人和孩子讀書的故事，告訴人們讀書的作用不在于能理解或記住所讀的多少內容，而在于它能夠對人產生潛移默化的影響。此完形填空題的考點設立較有代表性，15個考點考查了4個名詞、4個動詞、3個形容詞、2個連詞、1個副詞和1個代詞，且幾乎都考慮到了語境的重要性，同學們必須讀懂全文、理解文意后，再結合上下文和所給選項的意義才能選出答案，充分體現了該題型考查學生綜合語言運用能力及推理判斷能力的原則。

【答案解析】

1. 本句意為：每天，爺爺起得很早，讀《薄迦梵歌》。根據第二段“Grandpa！I try to read the book like you”可知本題選C。

2. 本句意為：爺爺！我也努力像你那樣去讀這本書的，但是我怎么也讀不懂而且還很容易就忘了。上下句之間帶有轉折的意義，故此處選B。

3. 本句意為：讀這本書有什么用呢？由上文知道男孩想不通的是為什么要讀這本書，故此處選C。

4. 本句意為：帶上這個煤籃到河邊去，給我拎一籃水回來。在第六段有“into the river”，由此判斷出此處選D。

5. 本句意為：男孩按照爺爺說的做了。saw“看見”;liked“喜歡”; did“做，干”，均與句意不符，故此處選A。

6. 本句意為：但是所有的水在到家之前就流光了。“在……之前”用before，故此處選D。

7. 本句意為：這一次男孩跑得更快了。在第六段中提到“ran hard”，故由此可斷定此處選A。

8. 本句意為：他告訴爺爺用籃子去提水是不可能做到的事。difficult“困難的”， interesting“有趣的”， unimportant“不重要的”，均與句意不符，故此處選C。

9. 本句意為：我就是要一籃子水，你根本沒有盡力。故此處選B。

10. 本句意為：他又一次把籃子放進河里去舀水。故此處選C。

11. 本句意為：他傷心地說：“爺爺，你瞧，它一點也沒用。”小男孩被爺爺批評做事不盡力，并在爺爺的要求下又一次去提水，并狂奔回家，可是仍然沒有帶回水。他很沮喪，故此處選A。

12. 本句意為：男孩第一次意識到籃子（和以前）不一樣了。forgot“忘記”， realized “意識到”，believed “相信”， remembered “記得”。只有B選項符合句意。

13. 本句意為：籃子已經不再是一只又臟又舊的煤籃了，它現在里里外外都變得很干凈。本句中提到籃子原來“dirty”，那與之相對的，現在就應該是“clean”了，故此處選B。

14. 本句意為：孩子，當你讀這本書時，也許你不可能理解或記得（讀到的）每一樣東西。not和everything 連用是部分否定，故此處選D。

15. 本句意為：當你讀書時，你也會里里外外發生變化。在這里，把人比做籃子，人就像籃子一樣在不知不覺間發生了變化。故此處選A。

【模擬精練】

My uncle John used to live in a beautiful little house by the sea in Atlantic City. I say he “used to” live there 1 he doesnt live there any more. He was killed two years ago.

Uncle John wrote novels. He not only 2 his job， but also made a lot of money doing it. When he died， he had 60 million in the bank.

After Uncle Johns death， I came to stay in his house for a while. I had been there for two days when I 3 a message on the screen of the old computer. I was very surprised， because I thought the computer had been 4 . The message said， “You have a new 5 !”when I read it， I thought it looked like the 6 of a novel. “This looks interesting，” I thought. “It must be 7 one of Uncle Johns friends.” I decided I should make an answer to the email to tell him or her that Uncle was 8 . However， the computer would not let me 9 .

Every day for the next three weeks， more emails kept arriving. I printed 10 of all of them. The story was about Jane Winterbourne， a young writer working on her first novel. She sent her novel to Jack Tanner， an old writer and asked him to 11 her to publish it. However， he cheated her， and published the novel himself—pretending that he had 12 it. The novel was very 13 . Tanner made a lot of money， and bought himself a house by the sea in Atlantic City. It was then that I realized that “Jack Tanner” and “Jane Winterbourne” were 14 names. “Jack” was 15 to be Uncle John.

（）1. A. so B. because C. though D. once

（）2. A. lost B. finished C. changed D. enjoyed

（）3. A. sent B. noticed C. read D. typed

（）4. A. broken down B. turned off C. sold out D. put away

（）5. A. information B. post C. mail D. business

（）6. A. picture B. story C. end D. beginning

（）7. A. like B. about C. from D. to

（）8. A. dead B. sick C. out D. busy

（）9. A. play B. reply C. watch D. stop

（）10. A. copies B. pieces C. parts D. covers

（）11. A. teach B. help C. show D. refuse

（）12. A. missed B. corrected C. written D. bought