柴門夫人

編者注： 《圣經》里說，人類聯合起來試圖興建能通往天堂的巴別塔，為了阻止人類的計劃，上帝讓人類說不同的語言，使其相互之間不能溝通，計劃因此失敗，人類自此各散東西，誤會重重，偏見、誤解遍布人間。千百年過去了，有一個叫柴門霍夫的人走了出來，他即將挑戰上帝的這一作為。

Before the 19th century， thousands of languages have been made to seek （追尋） one dream but only one made it. People were trying to find a way to end people’s communication trouble and create peace between each other. Then one day Esperanto （世界語） went into people’s eyes. Esperanto is the most widely spoken man—made language and Zamenhof is its creator. He has dedicated his whole life into the amazing language.

在十九世紀以前，有成百上千中的人造語言被創造出來去追尋一個夢想，但只有一種語言成功了。人們當時正努力尋找一種方法來消除人們的語言障礙和創造彼此間的和諧。于是有一天世界語走進了人們的視野。世界語是現在運用最為廣泛的人造語種，柴門霍夫先生便是世界語的創始人，他為這種奇妙的語言奉獻了自己的一生。

Zamenhof was born on December 15， 1859 in the town of Biatystok （now part of Poland）. He considered his native language to be his father’s Russian， but also his mother’s Yiddish. As he grew older， he spoke more Polish， and that became the native language of his children. His father was a teacher of German， and he also spoke that language fluently. Later he learned French， Latin， Greek， Hebrew， and English， and had an interest in Italian， Spanish and Lithuanian.

1859年12月15日，柴門霍夫出生在比亞韋斯托克（現在是波蘭的一部分），柴門霍夫認為他的母語是他父親說的俄語和他母親說的依地語，但成長中波蘭語又成為了他兒時的母語。他的父親是一名德語教師，所以柴門霍夫同時也能說一口流利的德語。他又曾學習了法語、拉丁語、希臘語、希伯來語和英語，同時也研究意大利語、西班牙語和立陶宛語。

The population of Biatystok was made up of three groups： Poles， Germans， and Belarusians. It often leads to quarrels among these groups. Zamenhof was frustrated by the many quarrels. He supposed that the main reason for the hate and prejudice was the misunderstanding caused by the lack of one common language. Zamenhof’s dream is to create a simple neutral （中立的） language， and hope it would be served as a common second language to realize the ideal of peace and mutual understanding.

他出生的小鎮有三個民族的人居住：波蘭人、猶太人和白俄羅斯人。由于語言、宗教信仰不同，經常導致爭執的發生。柴門霍夫為這些爭執而煩惱。他認為沒有統一的語言是產生偏見的主要原因。柴門霍夫的夢想就是造出一種簡單易學的中立語言，并且希望能夠作為通用的第二語言來實現和平和互相理解的理想。

He knew that to reach this goal， any old or new language was not the one he wanted. Then he began to create a new language. During his middle school days， he had made many attempts and after comparing with many languages he had known， he created a universal language. After years of efforts， he finally created Esperanto.

他認為，要達到這一目的，古代和現代的語言都是不適用的。于是，他開始著手創造一種新的語言。后來，在中學期間，他對這種語言進行了各種嘗試，并且和他所學過的各種語言相互比較。最后他成功地創造出了早期的通用語言。并經過幾年的努力后，發展出了世界語。

Decide whether the following sentences are True（T） or False（F） according to the passage.

（ ）1. Zamenhof created the Esperanto before the 19th century.

（ ）2. Esperanto is a kind of language which mixed up French， Latin， Greek， and English.

（ ）3. Esperanto is made by man.

（ ）4. He wanted to create a kind of language which could reduce the hate and prejudice.