2011年度風云女性

2011年歲末，英國《衛報》(The Guardian)雜志評選出了2011年年度風云女性排行榜。她們有的是為了女性權利而苦苦抗爭的人權衛士，有的是為了和平事業而輾轉奔走的和平斗士，有的是站在權力之巔的政治家……她們巾幗不讓須眉，完美地詮釋了女性的獨特魅力。現在就隨本文來認識一下這些我們平時鮮有所聞的女中豪杰。

Samira Ibrahim， Egyptian Activist

埃及活動家：薩米拉·易卜拉欣

Women marched， smuggled1) weapons and risked their lives， becoming a symbol of the Arab spring2). Yet female activists still had to fight against being silenced3) by fledgling governments. Nowhere more so than in Egypt. Ibrahim， 26， was one of seven women subjected to a so-called virginity test by the military. She told an online newspaper she was sexually assaulted by an officer. Ibrahim has been the only one of the women brave enough to take them to court. The court ruling has been postponed until 27 December 2011， but Ibrahim says she will not drop the case and will fight on: “What happened to me can still happen to any other girl.”

婦女上街游行、私運武器、甘冒生命危險——這成為“阿拉伯之春”的一個標志。然而，女性活躍人士依然要為反抗新政府對言論的壓制而抗爭。這種情況在埃及尤為嚴峻。在埃及，有七名女性遭受了軍方所謂的“處女檢查”，現年26歲的易卜拉欣就是其中之一。她告訴一家網絡媒體，自己曾遭到一名軍官的性侵犯。而她也是唯一一位勇敢地站出來將那些軍官告上法庭的女性。直到2011年12月27日，法庭才對此案宣判，此前一直在拖延。但易卜拉欣表明自己不會撤訴，要一告到底。她說：“發生在我身上的事可能還會發生在其他女孩身上。”

Hetty Bower， Peace Campaigner

和平斗士：赫蒂·鮑爾

When Channel 44) News presenter5) Jon Snow told Hetty Bower he hoped she’d be around for many years to come， the 107-year-old peace campaigner replied: “Please not. I am now getting tired.” Given her work in 2011 you would never have known. On the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day， in March 2011， she was guest of honour6) at a wreath-laying ceremony at Emmeline Pankhurst7)’s statue; Bower’s sister was a suffragette8)， and her own political education began early. She became one of the founding members of CND9) in 1957. She still marches， and recently spoke against hospital closures， tuition fees and cuts in services for disabled people. She has also spoken at a Hiroshima Day commemoration and took part in a Stop the War coalition demonstration. “As long as my legs can take me I will be participating in anti-war activity，” she told Snow. “What sane person could be pro-war?”

英國第四頻道新聞主播瓊恩·斯諾對赫蒂·鮑爾說，希望她壽比南山，但這位現年107歲高齡的和平斗士回答說：“千萬別，我現在已經覺得累了。”但看看她在2011年的種種事跡，你根本無法斷言事實是否真的如此。2011年3月，在慶祝國際婦女節一百周年之際，她以貴賓的身份參加了向埃米琳·潘克赫斯特雕像敬獻花環的儀式。鮑爾的姐姐就一直致力于為婦女爭取選舉權，她自己也很早就開始接受政治教育。1957年，她成為核裁軍運動組織的創始人之一。如今，她仍在游行，最近還在發表演講，反對醫院停業、學費收取不合理以及面向殘疾人的服務有所縮減等問題。她還在廣島原子彈爆炸紀念活動中發表了演講，并參加了停戰聯盟舉行的游行活動。她對斯諾這樣說道：“只要我的雙腿還能走，我就會參加反戰活動。哪個正常人會去支持戰爭呢？”

Leymah Gbowee， Tawakkul Karman， Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf， Nobel Peace Prize Winners

諾貝爾和平獎獲得者：萊伊曼·古博薇、塔瓦庫勒·卡曼、埃倫·約翰遜-瑟利夫

Only 12 women had ever received the Nobel peace prize. In 2011 it was awarded to three. Each has risked everything to help women in countries where they are routinely ignored or violated. We made them all women of the year 2011. Sirleaf， Africa’s first democratically elected female president， is credited with bringing peace to the formerly war-torn Liberia， while activist Gbowee led marches against the use of rape10) and child soldiers in the country’s civil war. The youngest ever peace prize winner， Karman， has held weekly protests against the Yemeni government since 2008， with members of her Women Journalists Without Chains11) organisation. And when the Arab spring hit Yemen， her arrest brought thousands into the streets to demand her release. The laureates’ message is clear—as Sirleaf said as she collected her prize: “My sisters， my daughters， my friends—find your voice. ”

迄今為止，僅有12位女性榮膺諾貝爾和平獎。而2011年就有三位女士獲此殊榮。這三位女性甘冒一切風險，幫助那些在自己國家一向被忽視或被侵犯的女性。我們認為，她們三個都是當之無愧的2011年度風云女性。瑟利夫是非洲第一位民選女總統，之所以獲此榮譽，是因為她將和平帶給了此前飽受戰爭之苦的利比里亞。活躍人士古博薇組織游行，反對(利比里亞)內戰中強奸婦女和招募童子軍的行為。卡曼則是史上最年輕的諾貝爾和平獎獲得者。自2008年以來，她每周都要和“自由女記者”組織的同仁們一起組織反對也門政府的抗議活動。當“阿拉伯之春”波及也門時，卡曼被捕入獄。當時，數以千計的人走上街頭要求釋放她。這些獲獎者要傳達的信息很明確，正如瑟利夫領獎時所說的那樣：“姐妹們，孩子們，朋友們——發出自己的聲音吧。”

Angela Merkel， German Chancellor 德國總理：安格拉·默克爾

Merkel had a productive year in 2011. She opted to phase out12) all Germany’s nuclear power stations， and is locked in a battle over the introduction of a minimum wage. But it is as the euro crisis has unfolded that she has really flexed13) her political muscle， arguing for private sector involvement in the Greek bailout14) and refusing the call for eurozone countries to guarantee each other’s debts with eurobonds15). She was voted fourth most powerful person in the world by Forbes magazine last year. Less dour16) in the flesh17) than on TV， the 58-year-old has a sense of humour she seems determined to hide: her quips18) disappear from parliamentary transcripts and she insists on copy approval in print interviews so she can snip out anything off message. For Merkel， politics is a serious business.

2011年對默克爾來說是豐收之年。她決心逐步停止使用德國的核電站，并為了引進最低工資制度而苦苦戰斗。但默克爾真正顯示出自己的政治實力，是在歐債危機逐漸擴大的時候。她主張私營企業參與對希臘的財政援助，拒絕考慮歐元區國家彼此用歐洲債券抵債的倡議。去年，在《福布斯》雜志評選出的世界最有影響力的人物排行榜中，默克爾位列第四。現年58歲的默克爾本人看上去并不像電視上那么嚴厲，她頗有幽默感，但似乎決意要將之藏得滴水不漏。在議會記錄上，她的趣言妙語消失得無影無蹤，而且她還堅持在接受平媒采訪時，訪談稿要經過她的認可，這樣她就能對信息進行刪減。對默克爾而言，政治是一件嚴肅的事情。

Chistine Schuler-Deschryver，

Human Rights Activist

人權衛士：

克莉絲汀·舒勒-德斯克雷維爾

Schuler-Deschryver runs City of Joy， a centre for survivors of gender violence in Bukavu， the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The centre has become a haven19) for survivors in a country known as the “rape capital of the world.” Schuler-Deschryver tells the story of Jeanne， a 25-year-old from the rural interior of Africa’s second largest country， who arrived after receiving terrible injuries from rapes. “She has changed her name to Jane，” says Schuler-Deschryver， a Belgian/Congolese woman who set up the centre with activist and playwright Eve Ensler. “She tells me Jeanne was the woman in pain who she left behind in the hospital; now she’s a new person， healed and reinvented， so we should call her Jane. It is as if she has been reborn.”

舒勒-德斯克雷維爾管理著一座“歡樂之城”，那是一處為在布卡武市(位于剛果民主共和國)遭受性暴力的幸存者提供幫助的庇護之所。這些幸存者生活在被稱為“世界強暴之都”的國家，對她們來說，“歡樂之城”就是她們的避風港。舒勒-德斯克雷維爾講述了珍妮的故事。現年25歲的珍妮來自這個非洲第二大國的農村地區，在遭受性侵犯后，她的身心受到嚴重傷害，于是便來到了“歡樂之城”。“她改名為簡。”舒勒-德斯克雷維爾說道。舒勒-德斯克雷維爾具有比利時和剛果雙重國籍，她與美國活動家、劇作家伊娃·恩斯勒一起創辦了這座“歡樂之城”。“簡告訴我，她已經把那個深陷在痛苦之中的珍妮留在了醫院里，現在站在我們面前的是一個全新的她，傷口已經愈合，一切重新來過，因此，我們應該叫她簡。她看起來就像重獲新生一樣。”

Shaima Jastaina， Women’s Rights Campaigner

女權斗士：施瑪·賈斯泰納

Saudi Arabia is the only country where women are not allowed to drive. Campaigners have been protesting against the ban for years—in the early 1990s， 50 women lost their jobs for flouting20) the rules that force women to rely on male relatives， taxis or drivers—but last year the focus was on one woman. In July 2011 Jastaina took to the road in Jeddah， later telling her old lecturer from the US， Nivien Saleh: “I want to be able to drive ... and I want other women to be able to do the same. It’s a basic human right.” Instead she became the first woman to be tried and sentenced for the “crime.” Her punishment， which caused global uproar， was 10 lashes of the whip. Although it was reported the ruling was overturned by the King Abdullah， Saleh said that Jastaina is still facing the punishment.

沙特阿拉伯是唯一一個不允許婦女開車的國家。對于這一禁令，女權斗士們已抗爭多年。早在20世紀90年代就有50名女性因無視該規定而丟掉飯碗。這一規定強迫女性出行時必須依賴男性親屬、出租車或是專門的司機。但在去年，所有的關注點都聚焦在了一位女性身上。2011年7月，賈斯泰納在吉達開車上路，后來她對自己以前的美國老師尼維恩·薩利赫說：“我希望自己能夠開車……也希望其他女性能夠開車。這是基本的人權。”然而，這卻讓她成為第一個因“開車”罪行而受到審判和刑罰的女性。她被判決的處罰是接受十下鞭打，此舉震驚了全球。盡管報道稱國王阿卜杜拉已經推翻了從前的判決，但薩利赫說賈斯泰納仍面臨著這樣的懲罰。

1.smuggle [#712;sm#652;ɡ(#601;)l] vt. 走私，偷帶

2.Arab spring：阿拉伯之春。自2010年12月突尼斯一些城鎮爆發動亂以來，阿拉伯世界一些國家的民眾紛紛走上街頭，要求推翻本國的專制政體。西方媒體將這樣的運動稱為“和平抵抗運動”，并樂觀地把“一個新中東即將誕生”預見為這個運動的前景，認為這個“阿拉伯之春”屬于諳熟互聯網、要求和世界其他大部分地區一樣享有基本民主權利的年輕一代。

3.silence [#712;sa#618;l#601;ns] vt. 壓制，鎮壓，使停息

4.Channel 4：第四頻道，一家提供電視服務的英國公共媒體，1982年11月2日開播，是繼英國廣播公司一臺(BBC One)、英國廣播公司二臺(BBC Two)和英國ITV電視臺之后為英國公眾提供電視服務的第四家媒體。

5.presenter [pr#618;#712;zent#601;(r)] n. (電視或廣播等的)節目主持人

6.guest of honour：主賓，貴賓

7.Emmeline Pankhurst：埃米琳·潘克赫斯特(1858～1928)，婦女選舉權的積極倡導者。1903年，潘克赫斯特創建婦女社會和政治聯盟；1905年，婦女聯盟開始采取激進的政策；1914年，婦女聯盟協助政府參與第一次世界大戰；1918年，英國國會立法，允許30歲以上的婦女投票；1920年，美國政府準許婦女投票；1928年，英國國會把婦女投票的合法年齡降低為21歲。

8.suffragette [#716;s#652;fr#601;#712;d#658;et] n. 婦女參政權論者(主張婦女選舉權的人)

9.CND：核裁軍運動組織(Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)，一個倡導單方面進行核裁軍的英國反核運動組織，成立于1957年。

10.rape [re#618;p] n. 強奸

11.Women Journalists Without Chains：自由女記者，一個由塔瓦庫勒·卡曼創立的人權組織，旨在促進也門的人權進步，以爭取自由表達和民主權利為目標。

12.phase out：使逐步淘汰，逐漸停止

13.flex [fleks] vt. 顯示……的力量

14.bailout [#712;be#618;la#650;t] n. 緊急融資；紓困

15.eurobond [#712;j#650;#601;r#601;#650;b#594;nd] n. 歐洲債券

16.dour [d#650;#601;(r)] adj. 嚴厲的

17.in the flesh：親自，本人

18.quip [kwip] n. 妙語，俏皮話

19.haven [#712;he#618;v(#601;)n] n. 避難所，港口

20.flout [fla#650;t] vt. 無視；藐視

Hetty Bower， Peace Campaigner

和平斗士：赫蒂·鮑爾

When Channel 44) News presenter5) Jon Snow told Hetty Bower he hoped she’d be around for many years to come， the 107-year-old peace campaigner replied: “Please not. I am now getting tired.” Given her work in 2011 you would never have known. On the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day， in March 2011， she was guest of honour6) at a wreath-laying ceremony at Emmeline Pankhurst7)’s statue; Bower’s sister was a suffragette8)， and her own political education began early. She became one of the founding members of CND9) in 1957. She still marches， and recently spoke against hospital closures， tuition fees and cuts in services for disabled people. She has also spoken at a Hiroshima Day commemoration and took part in a Stop the War coalition demonstration. “As long as my legs can take me I will be participating in anti-war activity，” she told Snow. “What sane person could be pro-war?”

英國第四頻道新聞主播瓊恩·斯諾對赫蒂·鮑爾說，希望她壽比南山，但這位現年107歲高齡的和平斗士回答說：“千萬別，我現在已經覺得累了。”但看看她在2011年的種種事跡，你根本無法斷言事實是否真的如此。2011年3月，在慶祝國際婦女節一百周年之際，她以貴賓的身份參加了向埃米琳·潘克赫斯特雕像敬獻花環的儀式。鮑爾的姐姐就一直致力于為婦女爭取選舉權，她自己也很早就開始接受政治教育。1957年，她成為核裁軍運動組織的創始人之一。如今，她仍在游行，最近還在發表演講，反對醫院停業、學費收取不合理以及面向殘疾人的服務有所縮減等問題。她還在廣島原子彈爆炸紀念活動中發表了演講，并參加了停戰聯盟舉行的游行活動。她對斯諾這樣說道：“只要我的雙腿還能走，我就會參加反戰活動。哪個正常人會去支持戰爭呢？”

Leymah Gbowee， Tawakkul Karman， Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf， Nobel Peace Prize Winners

諾貝爾和平獎獲得者：萊伊曼·古博薇、塔瓦庫勒·卡曼、埃倫·約翰遜-瑟利夫

Only 12 women had ever received the Nobel peace prize. In 2011 it was awarded to three. Each has risked everything to help women in countries where they are routinely ignored or violated. We made them all women of the year 2011. Sirleaf， Africa’s first democratically elected female president， is credited with bringing peace to the formerly war-torn Liberia， while activist Gbowee led marches against the use of rape10) and child soldiers in the country’s civil war. The youngest ever peace prize winner， Karman， has held weekly protests against the Yemeni government since 2008， with members of her Women Journalists Without Chains11) organisation. And when the Arab spring hit Yemen， her arrest brought thousands into the streets to demand her release. The laureates’ message is clear—as Sirleaf said as she collected her prize: “My sisters， my daughters， my friends—find your voice. ”

迄今為止，僅有12位女性榮膺諾貝爾和平獎。而2011年就有三位女士獲此殊榮。這三位女性甘冒一切風險，幫助那些在自己國家一向被忽視或被侵犯的女性。我們認為，她們三個都是當之無愧的2011年度風云女性。瑟利夫是非洲第一位民選女總統，之所以獲此榮譽，是因為她將和平帶給了此前飽受戰爭之苦的利比里亞。活躍人士古博薇組織游行，反對(利比里亞)內戰中強奸婦女和招募童子軍的行為。卡曼則是史上最年輕的諾貝爾和平獎獲得者。自2008年以來，她每周都要和“自由女記者”組織的同仁們一起組織反對也門政府的抗議活動。當“阿拉伯之春”波及也門時，卡曼被捕入獄。當時，數以千計的人走上街頭要求釋放她。這些獲獎者要傳達的信息很明確，正如瑟利夫領獎時所說的那樣：“姐妹們，孩子們，朋友們——發出自己的聲音吧。”

Angela Merkel， German Chancellor 德國總理：安格拉·默克爾

Merkel had a productive year in 2011. She opted to phase out12) all Germany’s nuclear power stations， and is locked in a battle over the introduction of a minimum wage. But it is as the euro crisis has unfolded that she has really flexed13) her political muscle， arguing for private sector involvement in the Greek bailout14) and refusing the call for eurozone countries to guarantee each other’s debts with eurobonds15). She was voted fourth most powerful person in the world by Forbes magazine last year. Less dour16) in the flesh17) than on TV， the 58-year-old has a sense of humour she seems determined to hide: her quips18) disappear from parliamentary transcripts and she insists on copy approval in print interviews so she can snip out anything off message. For Merkel， politics is a serious business.

2011年對默克爾來說是豐收之年。她決心逐步停止使用德國的核電站，并為了引進最低工資制度而苦苦戰斗。但默克爾真正顯示出自己的政治實力，是在歐債危機逐漸擴大的時候。她主張私營企業參與對希臘的財政援助，拒絕考慮歐元區國家彼此用歐洲債券抵債的倡議。去年，在《福布斯》雜志評選出的世界最有影響力的人物排行榜中，默克爾位列第四。現年58歲的默克爾本人看上去并不像電視上那么嚴厲，她頗有幽默感，但似乎決意要將之藏得滴水不漏。在議會記錄上，她的趣言妙語消失得無影無蹤，而且她還堅持在接受平媒采訪時，訪談稿要經過她的認可，這樣她就能對信息進行刪減。對默克爾而言，政治是一件嚴肅的事情。

Chistine Schuler-Deschryver，

Human Rights Activist

人權衛士：

克莉絲汀·舒勒-德斯克雷維爾

Schuler-Deschryver runs City of Joy， a centre for survivors of gender violence in Bukavu， the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The centre has become a haven19) for survivors in a country known as the “rape capital of the world.” Schuler-Deschryver tells the story of Jeanne， a 25-year-old from the rural interior of Africa’s second largest country， who arrived after receiving terrible injuries from rapes. “She has changed her name to Jane，” says Schuler-Deschryver， a Belgian/Congolese woman who set up the centre with activist and playwright Eve Ensler. “She tells me Jeanne was the woman in pain who she left behind in the hospital; now she’s a new person， healed and reinvented， so we should call her Jane. It is as if she has been reborn.”

舒勒-德斯克雷維爾管理著一座“歡樂之城”，那是一處為在布卡武市(位于剛果民主共和國)遭受性暴力的幸存者提供幫助的庇護之所。這些幸存者生活在被稱為“世界強暴之都”的國家，對她們來說，“歡樂之城”就是她們的避風港。舒勒-德斯克雷維爾講述了珍妮的故事。現年25歲的珍妮來自這個非洲第二大國的農村地區，在遭受性侵犯后，她的身心受到嚴重傷害，于是便來到了“歡樂之城”。“她改名為簡。”舒勒-德斯克雷維爾說道。舒勒-德斯克雷維爾具有比利時和剛果雙重國籍，她與美國活動家、劇作家伊娃·恩斯勒一起創辦了這座“歡樂之城”。“簡告訴我，她已經把那個深陷在痛苦之中的珍妮留在了醫院里，現在站在我們面前的是一個全新的她，傷口已經愈合，一切重新來過，因此，我們應該叫她簡。她看起來就像重獲新生一樣。”

Shaima Jastaina， Women’s Rights Campaigner

女權斗士：施瑪·賈斯泰納

Saudi Arabia is the only country where women are not allowed to drive. Campaigners have been protesting against the ban for years—in the early 1990s， 50 women lost their jobs for flouting20) the rules that force women to rely on male relatives， taxis or drivers—but last year the focus was on one woman. In July 2011 Jastaina took to the road in Jeddah， later telling her old lecturer from the US， Nivien Saleh: “I want to be able to drive ... and I want other women to be able to do the same. It’s a basic human right.” Instead she became the first woman to be tried and sentenced for the “crime.” Her punishment， which caused global uproar， was 10 lashes of the whip. Although it was reported the ruling was overturned by the King Abdullah， Saleh said that Jastaina is still facing the punishment.

沙特阿拉伯是唯一一個不允許婦女開車的國家。對于這一禁令，女權斗士們已抗爭多年。早在20世紀90年代就有50名女性因無視該規定而丟掉飯碗。這一規定強迫女性出行時必須依賴男性親屬、出租車或是專門的司機。但在去年，所有的關注點都聚焦在了一位女性身上。2011年7月，賈斯泰納在吉達開車上路，后來她對自己以前的美國老師尼維恩·薩利赫說：“我希望自己能夠開車……也希望其他女性能夠開車。這是基本的人權。”然而，這卻讓她成為第一個因“開車”罪行而受到審判和刑罰的女性。她被判決的處罰是接受十下鞭打，此舉震驚了全球。盡管報道稱國王阿卜杜拉已經推翻了從前的判決，但薩利赫說賈斯泰納仍面臨著這樣的懲罰。