【摘 要】英語中的比較意義除了用形容詞或副詞后加er 或者est來表示“比……”,“最……”的概念之外,還可以用一些動詞,形容詞或副詞原級甚或是一些介詞短語來表達“比較”的意義。我把這些隱含的比較稱為“隱性”比較。將這類詞匯進行總結。
【關鍵詞】英語教學;隱性;英語課堂
一、動詞結構中的“隱性”比較
某些動詞含有“比較”的意思,這類動詞有:prefer… to… ,rather than…prefer to , would rather … than … ,match ,favor ,compare … with …,compare … to …,improve ,excel ,surpass ,overtake等。
He prefers skiing to skating.
與溜冰相比他更喜歡滑雪。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he prefers to ride a bicycle.(94全國高考)
與乘坐擁擠的公交車相比,他寧愿騎自行車。
I have visited many a hotel, but none can match this one in service.
我曾經住過許多家賓館,但是無一家賓館在服務方面可以和這家相媲美
Mother shouldn’t favor any of her children.
母親不該偏愛任何一個孩子。
We should do something to perfect the plan.
我們應該做點事情使計劃更趨完美。
Compared to/with developed countries, we still have a long way to go.
和發達國家相比,我們還有一段很長的路要走。
As a matter of fact ,the development of science and technology of our country has surpassed advanced levels in some aspects.
事實上,我國的科技發展水平在某些方面已經超過世界先進水平。
二、某些形容詞和副詞原級以及這些詞轉換為名詞后也有“隱性”比較。
例如:preferable,preferably,favorite,comparative,junior,senior,inferior, superior
It was a comparative success.
那算是較為成功的一次。
Of all the subjects, English is her favorite .
在各門學科中,英語是她最喜歡的。
The second choice is preferable to the first.
第二種選擇較之于第一個好。
She is three years junior/senior to me.(或She is my junior/senior by three years.)
她比我小/大三歲。
He is inferior/superior to others in many respects.
他在很多方面不如/優于別人。
三、除了以上詞匯,某些介詞以及介詞構成的短語也可以表示隱性“比較”
He is over/below me in the office.
在職務上他比我高/低。
The other students will be ahead of you unless you study hard..
如果你不努力學習,其他學生就會超過你。
That tree is well above the top of the other trees.
那棵樹遠遠高于其他樹。
She is beautiful beyond compare.
她美得無與倫比。
The quality of our products is second to none.
我們的產品質量獨一無二。
請用第一句中黑體字的適當詞性填空
He prefers living in the country to living in the city.
——He finds country life __________ to living in the city.
——He likes to live in the country ____________.
——He chooses to live in the country in __________ to the city.
(answers :preferable ;preferably; preference)
(作者單位:江蘇省無錫市堰橋中學)