如何把握語法填空中的引導詞

近五年來，“引導詞”一直是廣東高考“語法填空”中的必考內容。任何一個從句都必須有一個詞引導（有時合理省略），而引導詞的運用是有其規律的。

一、名詞性從句

Whether / When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. (不確定或不完整)

Heneveradmitsthatheiswrong.他從不承認自己錯了。（完整，確定）

I wonder what has happened to him.（不完整，從句缺主語）

同位語從句是用來解釋和說明前面那個詞的具體內容的，一般用that引導：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.(說明news的內容)

二、定語從句

A plane is a machine that / which can fly.（物，主語）

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a postman. （人，主語）

I don’t know the reason why she looked unhappy today. （原因，狀語）

I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. （物，賓語，名詞前有such）

We’ll never forget the day 63 years ago when the People’s Republic of China was founded.(時間，狀語，名詞與從句間有間隔)

三、狀語從句

兩個或兩個以上簡單句（有主語和謂語），其中一個簡單句是另一個簡單句發生的時間、地點、條件、目的、原因等，這個簡單句就是狀語從句。如下表所示：

He will not come if / because he is not invited. （條件或原因）

Since everybody is here， let’s begin our meeting. （原因）

四、多從復句

是指由三個或三個以上單句合并成的一句話。如：

Tom walked slowly along the street.

He reached the department store.

He stopped to ask directions to the bus station.

可合并成：Tom walked slowly along the street until he reached the department store where he stopped to ask directions to the bus station.（由until. where引導的兩個狀語從句）

即時練習

請根據從句的功能，填寫恰當的引導詞。

1.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to__ 32__ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.

2.(2007)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away __36__ there was a garage.

3. (2008)...he came up with an idea__ 35__ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

4. (2009)Jane paused in front of a counter__ 35__________ some attractive ties were on display.

5.(2010)...he could bring some back to an elder

__32__ had been his teacher.

6.(2010)We understand this lesson best__40__we receive gifts of love from children.

7.(2011) Behind him were other people to__ 21__

he was trying to talk， but...

8. (2011)...and waited with me__17__the bus arrived. (11)

參考答案：1.who(介賓從句)2. where(定語從句)3. that(同位語從句)4. where(定語從句)5. who(定語從句)6. when(狀語從句)7. whom(定語從句) 8. until(狀語)

(作者單位：深圳大學附屬中學)

責任編校 蔣小青