巧積累，靈活用，寫好“經歷”類段落

高考英語讀寫任務寫作中主要涉及到以下幾種寫作內容：分析利弊，提出觀點或建議；講述某次經歷，談體會；舉事例，說明現象或道理；假設情景談做法并講述理由等等。其中，經歷類寫作往往成為大部分考生的“軟肋”，以下是一位學生關于寫“自己夢想成真”經歷的作文：

When I was a little child， I wanted to see the beautiful sun on the beach. I asked my mother to take me there. Later my mother took me to Hainan for a holiday. Finally， I enjoyed the wonderful sunrise！

此文可以反映出目前考生在講述某次真實或虛構的經歷時，由于平時缺乏有效的積累和生活經歷，在寫作中無法構想出符合寫作要求和完整的情節，只能用2-3句就匆匆完成經歷段落的寫作，顯得空洞且沒有代表性。或者有考生一味在拼湊一些對答，以其增加段落的篇幅，但往往讓閱卷老師看出破綻。另外，講述經歷時，文章需要用到一般過去時態，而考生沒有形成寫作的自我監控意識，容易直接使用一般現在時，同時在動詞的選用和用法方面也不盡人意。

筆者根據《普通高中課程標準》提供的話題項目，結合考題貼近學生生活的命題規律，總結出一些?？嫉摹敖洑v”類寫作話題，并利用一些范文進行靈活的轉變，以期鼓勵學生在平時的課外閱讀中積極積累有用、實用、通用的素材，在講述經歷時有話可說，寫得流暢、自然。

“幫助”類話題：命題人可能要求考生講述自己幫助別人、別人幫助自己、互幫共贏、幫助陌生人、得到別人的鼓勵和支持，在自己和別人的努力下達成目標、值得感激或感恩等的某次具體經歷。

“美德”類話題：美德一般涉及到誠信、心靈美、責任心、態度、善良、愛心、好習慣等方面。命題人可能要求考生描述經歷，說明如何做個誠實或受歡迎的人、誠信給人帶來的好處、缺乏某種美德給生活帶來的影響、如何看待內在美與外在美的關系、好習慣助于達成目標等。

“難忘”類話題：難忘的經歷可以是多式多樣的，比如難忘得到別人的幫助或鼓勵、難忘在自己的不懈努力下實現了目標、難忘第一次做……的過程、難忘克服難題或心理緊張的經過、難忘友情給予的感動、難忘父母的關愛、難忘被欺負或被誤會的經歷、難忘由于作弊而受到的懲罰……幾乎所有的生活經歷只要通過在文章中使用一些關鍵詞眼，都可以成為是難忘的經歷。

除了根據題目話題的需要選取適合的寫作素材外，考生還需要把握經歷類寫作的模式：先簡述事件的經過，不宜長篇大論，只需包含“什么時間或背景？誰干了什么事？結果如何？”等。從篇幅的角度來看，經歷段一般是5到7行的長度為宜。

看下文：

There was a time when I was very poor at English. I usually felt discouraged every time I got the poor grade in the exams. However， it was my classmate Helen who came to give a hand to me. With one exam coming， she gave me a lot of guidance and advice in English learning with great patience. To my delight， I was able to pass the exam for the first time with her selfless help. I was so grateful to her from the bottom of my heart.

此文講到的學習經歷是學生比較熟悉的寫作內容，可以用于講述感激別人的幫助或別人的鼓勵促進成功或朋友間的情誼等經歷。

又如：On a very hot afternoon， I went climbing together with my parents. Before setting off， I boosted to them that I would get to the top of the hill without any rest. However， it was shortly after we started climbing that I began to feel breathless and tired， wanting to have a break. Just then， my father patted me on the shoulder and encouraged me to keep on. Regaining energy gradually， I finally got to the top and enjoyed the wonderful view. Thanks to my father’s encouragement and support， I made it.

此文講到的是校外的生活經歷，可用于講述通過自己的努力克服困難或別人的支持和鼓勵促進成功等經歷。

除了通過學習歷次考試中的優秀考場作文外，考生還可以利用備考過程中做過的閱讀文章提取有關人生、人性“真善美”的故事情節。如2010山東高考的完形填空題講述作者在一次舞蹈表演中失誤，從自信到沮喪到最后克服尷尬順利完成演出的經歷?？忌梢試L試寫成以下文章，用于講述在別人的鼓勵或建議下克服自己內心的恐懼和尷尬，最后獲得成功的經歷。

Once upon a time， I was lucky to participate in a dance competition. After weeks of preparation， I wanted to show off my efforts to my classmates and teachers. However， performing on the stage， I missed a step and slipped. Fearing being laughed by the audience， I was terribly embarrassed. Just then， I remembered being told by my teacher to keep smiling if I made a mistake. So I did my best to follow her advice and continued with the dance smoothly.

同時，考生還可以在上文素材的基礎上，進行靈活的修改，寫成一次永不放棄，克服困難最后成功的難忘經歷：

Once upon a time， I was given a chance to participate in a dance competition. In order to perform well， I practised very hard every day after school. On the arrival of the competition， I was so nervous that I trembled terribly and even wanted to quit the competition. My teacher noticed it and comforted me that if I tried my best， everything would go on well. Hearing her words， I calmed myself down and managed to complete the whole dance perfectly. I would never forget that day！

當然，考生還需要根據要點寫好每個正文段落的開頭句或過渡句，因此在引出經歷前，需要先用一句話來點明主題、承上啟下，自然過渡到經歷的講述。比如，2012年廣州市調研考試要點“（2）請結合你的生活經歷闡述‘制定規劃與達成目標’之間的關系”。參考范文應該為：As a matter of fact， making a good plan makes it easier for us to achieve success. Take me as an example. As a junior student， I achieved considerable success in learning English through the combination of hard work and planning. I prepared good materials with the help of my teacher， made plans for my daily study and self-monitored the whole process of my learning. I made rapid progress and became very confident. I think I couldn’t have done it without a good plan.

要想在考場中寫出可以得到高分的作文，考生歸根到底還是要進行積極的素材積累和基本功的扎實鞏固。只有通過靈活運用適合的素材，突出寫作要點的關鍵詞，考生才能以清晰的思路和正確的表達贏得作文的高分！

（作者單位：廣州市第89中學）

責任編校 蔣小青