紐約時(shí)報(bào)大廈，紐約，美國

2012-07-27 03:00:30建筑設(shè)計(jì)倫佐皮亞諾建筑工作室福克斯和福爾建筑師事務(wù)所

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室，福克斯和福爾建筑師事務(wù)所

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Fox & Fowle Architects, P.C.

1 外景/External view（攝影/Photo:Michel Denance）

2000年6月，紐約時(shí)報(bào)與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商森林城市拉特納集團(tuán)共同宣布將在紐約第八大道40街與41街之間的地塊建造一座大廈，將在其中容納整個(gè)紐約時(shí)報(bào)集團(tuán)和其他世界頂級的企業(yè)租戶。倫佐·皮亞諾及其開發(fā)合作伙伴森林城市拉特納集團(tuán)在競賽中勝出入選。

這座52層高的鋼與玻璃結(jié)構(gòu)建筑不僅為紐約時(shí)報(bào)公司帶來增值，也凸顯了其公開透明的企業(yè)文化。建筑的基本形式十分簡單樸素，與曼哈頓的網(wǎng)格街道布局有幾分相似。它體態(tài)修長，并且沒有使用鏡面玻璃或彩色玻璃，它們會(huì)讓建筑物顯得十分神秘與封閉。反之，它采用了雙層表皮的玻璃幕墻，其中包括18.6萬根可作為遮陽構(gòu)件阻隔熱量的陶瓷棒；從地面貫穿至天花的內(nèi)墻也采用了無色透明的玻璃，讓建筑物能夠協(xié)調(diào)周邊環(huán)境的色彩，如在雨后初晴之時(shí)，會(huì)呈現(xiàn)一些青藍(lán)的色調(diào)，日落時(shí)分，則又會(huì)泛起點(diǎn)點(diǎn)紅光。

紐約時(shí)報(bào)公司占據(jù)了這座大廈最底下的28層，所有的樓層都充分享有很大的凈空高度，上部的24層則供各種房地產(chǎn)公司和律師事務(wù)所租用。“新聞中心”圍繞著中庭花園分布在它的上空，與地面層保持著適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。它所占據(jù)的3層樓面被昵稱為“面包房”，因?yàn)橛浾邆兛傇谶@里通宵達(dá)旦地籌備著明天即將新鮮出爐的新聞。

為了與項(xiàng)目精神保持一致，建筑物的入口大廳設(shè)計(jì)得非常開放、透明且易于到達(dá)和穿過。底層有一座大型室內(nèi)花園，種植著7棵15m（50英尺）高的北美白樺，還有蕨類、苔蘚等植被；從街道一側(cè)能看見花園的景象，并走進(jìn)其中，由此在40街和41街之間形成了多重的空間通透感。街道層還設(shè)計(jì)了一座378席的放映廳，能舉辦演講、小型舞臺(tái)劇、電影放映和錄像展播等各種不同的演出和活動(dòng)。在放映廳的一旁，配備了一個(gè)可容納400座的餐廳。建筑物還有各種商店和辦公室，都有意將它們設(shè)計(jì)得能與街道環(huán)境融為一體。建筑物的基座部分（2層、3層和4層）容納了紐約時(shí)報(bào)的總部。從人文主義的城市觀看來，這就是所謂的都市感。

此外，底層入口大廳還陳列著本·魯賓和馬克·漢森的藝術(shù)品——它由560塊展示屏（小型數(shù)字屏幕）組成。

建筑與街道也能夠?qū)υ挕Ｈ藗兂耸褂?4部電梯之外（包括后勤電梯在內(nèi)總共32部），還可經(jīng)由在立面上可見的樓梯往來于樓層之間，它們促進(jìn)了不同公寓住戶之間的交往，人們移動(dòng)的過程也可從室外看見。畢竟，我們可以這樣理解，報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)的工作，至少作為一種隱喻，是從街道上收集情報(bào)。

紐約時(shí)報(bào)大廈于2007年11月19日舉辦了盛大的開幕儀式。□（徐知蘭譯）

In June 2000, The New York Times company and real estate developer Forest City Ratner Companies announced their plan to construct a building on New York City's Eight Avenue between 40th and 41st Street to house The New York Times and other world class tenants. Renzo Piano was chosen with its development partner Forest City Ratner Companies in a competitive selection process.

The 52-story glass and steel structure reinforce the values of the Times Company and its culture of transparency.

The building's basic shape is simple and primary, similarly to the Manhattan grid. It is slender, and does not use mirrored or tinted glass which render towers mysterious and hermetic subjects. On the contrary, the use of double skin curtain wall with 186,000 ceramic rods that act as a sunscreen deflecting the heat and an inner wall of floor to ceiling water-white glass allows the building to adapt to the colours of the atmosphere. Blueish after a shower, shimmering red after a sunset.

The New York Times occupy the first 28 floors of the slim tower, all floors enjoying high ceilings, with the upper 24 taken by real estate and law firms.The "news room", clustered around and above the courtyard garden, however, is kept appropriately close to the ground. Its three floors are nicknamed"the Bakery" because journalists are up all night here preparing the next day's news.

In accordance with the spirit of the project, the lobby of the building is very open, transparent and permeable. At ground level, a large internal garden planted with seven, 50-foot-tall paper birch tree,fern, moss, is accessible and visible from the street,thereby creating multiple transparencies through the block from 40th to 41st streets. At the street level there is also an 378-seat auditorium, suitable for a wide variety of performances and events including lectures, small stage plays film and vide presentation. A 400 seat catering hall accompanies this space. There are also shops and offices which are intended to be a part of the street environment.The base of the building (2nd, 3rd and 4th floors)house the headquarters of the New York Times. In a humanist vision of towns this is called a sense of urbanity.

Also the artwork of Ben Rubin and Mark Hansen is located on the ground floor lobby: it consists of 560 displays (small digital screen).

The building speaks to the street. In addition to 24 elevators (32 elevators total including service) people circulate between its floors by using stairs located on the facades which will foster communication between departments and their movement will be visible from outside. This is, after all, appropriate, as newspapers, at least metaphorically, gather information from the street.

The grand opening of The New York Times building took place on November 19, 2007.□

2 草圖/Sketch

3 頂層平面/Top floor plan

4 二層平面/Second floor plan

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

業(yè)主/Client: The New York Times / Forest City Ratner Companies

競賽/Competition: 2000

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: B.Plattner (partner in charge), E.Volz with G.Bianchi, J.Moolhuijzen(partners), S.Ishida, P.Vincent (partners),A.Eris, J.Knaak, T.Mikdashi, M.Pimmel, M.Prini,A.Symietz

顧問/Consultants: Ove Arup & Partners(structure and services)

設(shè)計(jì)/Design Development: 2000-2007

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: B.Plattner (partner in charge), E.Volz (associate in charge)with J.Carter, S.Drouin, B.Lenz, B.Nichol,R.Salceda, M.Seibold, J.Wagner and C.Orsega,J.Stanteford, R.Stubbs, G.Tran, J.Zambrano;O.Aubert, C.Colson, Y.Kyrkos (models)

顧問/Consultants: Thornton Tomasetti （結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure）; Flack & Kurtz（設(shè)備/Services）;Jenkins & Huntington （垂直交通/Vertical Transportation）; Heitman & Associates （立面顧問/Facade Consultant）; Ludwig & Weiler（店面/Storefront）; Office for Visual Interaction（照明/Lighting）; Gensler Associates（室內(nèi)/Interiors）; H.M.White（景觀/Landscape）;AMEC（施工管理/Construction Manager）