圣吉爾斯核心區商住混合開發項目，倫敦，英國

2012-07-27 06:19:26建筑設計倫佐皮亞諾建筑工作室

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑設計：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view（攝影/Photo: Michel Denance）

簡介

自從規劃申請提交了之后，我們已與倫敦卡姆登區的規劃設計官員和“英國遺產”組織共同合作舉辦了若干次設計工作室項目。通過這些工作室的舉辦，我們在項目的方案設計方面取得了很大的進展，方案得到了加強和改善，并更成熟且完整地體現了那些我們早先提出的設計原則。

我們非常感謝參與設計的相關人員能夠采取相當合作與開放的工作方法，這與我們的工作方式非常契合，使我們在場地條件十分困難和受限的情況下，依然能夠不斷地推動達成最佳的設計方案。

在修訂設計方案的過程中，我們也試圖將先前申報的方案中已有所體現的各種原則以更清晰的方式呈現出來，如空間的通透感、體量的細碎化、步行穿越建筑的便利程度、光的質感和場所的活力等。與此同時，我們也盡量不去破壞經過深思熟慮之后，在各種空間與功能之間已經取得的必要平衡。

加強體量的細化程度

建筑整體體量的細化程度得到了顯著的增強。為了使建筑體量達到更為細碎分割的效果，我們減小了某些部分的建筑高度和寬度，也改變了一些已經確定了的平面角度，并在現有的冬季花園部分新引入了一些陽臺要素，進一步完善了這部分的設計。

在巴克納爾街一側，各部分建筑物的高度各不相同，這種高度的變化幫助形成了建筑物的體量感。這些沿街部分的立面與建筑背立面在形態上的重疊部分也有所減少，這使它們看起來好像是彼此獨立的要素，因此加強了建筑整體體量的細化程度。

對于各個組成部分的立面本身，其細部也經過了更深入的推敲。我們設計了一種比先前更為精致和色彩鮮明的立面結構，其中每一個構成要素都能夠得到清晰的辨識，就好像鑲嵌在墻面中的一枚枚石塊；立面所選的材質有不同的厚度，陶瓷片之間的節點尺寸也各不相同。

位于第9、10層樓及建筑背立面和冬季花園一側的玻璃幕墻立面都采用了連續統一的金屬框架，根據幕墻的不同位置配有不同尺度的遮陽百葉窗，其目的是為了削弱玻璃盒子的印象，并使建筑物能滿足不同朝向對遮陽的要求。

增加空間的通透感

在底層或街道層，從地面至天花之間的凈高大約增加了1m的距離，這顯著地改善了貫穿整個建筑縱深的空間通透感，特別是在圣吉爾斯高街和巴克納爾街之間往返的方向上。建筑底層保持空間通透的概念在周邊地區尚屬新鮮事物，這里大部分建筑的底層都是封閉式的店面。尤其是巴克納爾街，目前看起來很不友好且密不透風；而在圣吉爾斯高街，我們則可感受到迥然不同的活躍氣氛。白天，在建筑的內部和周邊有各種現場活動，而在夜間，這里則又回歸了平靜與通透的感覺。

我們在底層立面的若干空間后退處引入了一些小規模的入口花園，通過玻璃將它們與公共的人行天橋分開。這些玻璃入口會在夜間關閉，由此既確保了店面一側立面的延續性，又能夠阻止任何形式的反社會行為。

增強步行穿越的便捷程度

我們在巴克納爾街的東北角和庭院廣場之間引入了第5條穿越整個建筑平面的步行通道，這樣，使整個底層平面能夠最大程度地滿足人們對能夠步行穿越建筑平面的渴望。

我們還把王子馬戲團廣場和庭院廣場之間的步道拓寬到至少3.6m，由此進一步改善了對這條設計原則的體現；這些步行通道，加上所有附近立面空間的通透和敞開，將會對路人發出真正的邀請，邀請他們走進建筑內部的庭院，在其中停留，或繼續步行穿過建筑的平面。

內部庭院的環境

建筑的內部庭院本身已通過樓上幾層的背立面設計得到了改善，通過這種方法，圍繞在庭院周邊的建筑高度得到了明顯的降低，也使中庭廣場獲得了更多采光。

庭院中的雨篷——“蜘蛛網”的尺度有所減小，它與更為低矮的連廊雨篷相結合，由此與餐廳的若干平臺形成了更直接的聯系——同時也會突出中庭明亮而輕松的特質。

此外，廣場本身與那條由教堂墓園通往新牛津街的開放步道之間的區別也變得更為明顯。由于廣場上方的蜘蛛網雨棚減小了尺寸，因此，它為點綴中庭廣場的楓樹和銀杏樹提供了更好的生長空間。通往私人公寓住宅的入口現在變成了朝向內部庭院的方向，由此加強了這里商住混合使用的空間特征。

結論

所有這些改善設計的手段，作為我們充分探討與思考的成果，都將使這座建筑物在空間和視覺上都更容易讓人接近，而這一精神也正是我們在未來實現這座建筑物的過程中將繼續秉承和堅持的原則。□（徐知蘭譯）

Introduction

We have had a number of design workshops with Camden planning and design officers and English Heritage since the planning application was submitted. As a result of these workshops, we have proceeded in the design process, reinforcing and improving the scheme towards a more mature and finalised expression of the principles proposed.

We very much appreciate the collaborative and open approach adopted by those involved, which corresponds very much with our way of working,continuously progressing to come to the best scheme possible on this difficult and demanding site.

In undertaking revisions to the scheme, we have tried to implement with more clarity the principles of transparency, fragmentation, permeability,lightness and vibrancy, already present in the submitted scheme, without distorting the necessary,well contemplated, and duly obtained balance between the various occupations and functions.

Increased Fragmentation

The fragmentation of the building mass as a whole has been greatly improved. In order to achieve this greater fragmentation, we have reduced some of the facets in height and in width,we have altered the angles at which they are set and have introduced balconies to complement the already proposed wintergardens.

On Bucknall Street, the facets vary in height,which helps the composition of the mass. The facets themselves now show smaller overlaps in relation to the setback facades, making them appear as individual elements and so improving the fragmentation of the building as a whole.

The facet facades themselves have been studied in more detail. We are proposing a structure to the facade that is more filigrane and vibrant than was previously proposed, in which every constituent element is recognisable, like stones in a wall; with varying depths in the material, and varying sizes of the joints between the ceramic pieces.

The glass facades, on the 9th & 10th floors, and on the setback facades and wintergardens will have a continuous unitary metal framing, with sunshading louvres, which may vary in size in different situations, in order to reduce the glass-box effect,and allow the building to cope with the varying requirements for sunshading on different sides.

Increased Transparency

On the ground floor, or streetscape level, the floor to ceiling free height has been increased by approximately one metre, thus hugely improving the transparency through the whole depth of the building, especially from St. Giles High Street towards Bucknall Street and vice-versa. This concept of transparency on the ground floor is quite new to the surrounding area, mainly consisting of closed shopfronts. In particular, Bucknall Street,at the moment quite hostile looking and hermetic,and St. Giles High Street, will enjoy a very different and active atmosphere, defined by lively activities in and around the building in the daytime, and calm and reassuring transparency at night.

At various setbacks in the ground floor facade,small entrance gardens have been introduced,separated from the public highway pavement by glass screens. These screens will be closed at night,thus guaranteeing the continuity of the shopfront facade, and discouraging any type of antisocial behaviour.

Increased Permeability

A fifth passage through the scheme, between the northeastern end of Bucknall Street and the courtyard piazza has been introduced, maximising the desired permeability of the ground floor scheme.

A further improvement of this principle has been obtained by widening the passage between Princes Circus and the courtyard piazza to a minimum of 3.60 metres; with the transparency of all the adjacent facades these passages will truly invite passers by to enter and stay in or walk through the courtyard.

Courtyard Setting

The courtyard itself has been improved by the setback of the facades of the uppermost floors,thus reducing the apparent height of the building surrounding the courtyard and allowing more light into the piazza.

The courtyard canopy,Spider's Web, has been reduced in size, and combined with lower arcade canopies, more directly related to the terraces of the restaurants: this will enhance the light and airy character of the courtyard.

In addition, the distinction between the piazza itself and the open passage from the churchyard garden towards New Oxford Street has become clearer.The reduction of the higher spider’s web canopy provides better space for the Liquidamber and Gingko trees which will enrich the courtyard piazza.The entrance to the private residential apartments is now orientated towards the courtyard, thus enhancing the mixed use character of the place.

Conclusion

All these improvements, as a result of ample consultation and reflection, will help the building to be more accessible, physically and visually, and it is in this spirit that we will progress in the realisation of the building.□

業主/Client: Legal & General with Mitsubishi Estate Corporation, Stanhope PLC

合作者/Collaborator: Fletcher Priest Architects（London）

設計團隊/Design Team: J.Moolhuijzen, M.van der Staay（partner and associate in charge），N.Mecattaf（associate）with L.Battaglia, S.Becchi, A.Belvedere,G.Carravieri, E.Chen, D.Colas, P.Colonna,W.Matthews, G.Mezzanotte, S.Mikou, Ph.Molter,Y.Pagès, M.Pare, L.Piazza, M.Reale, J.Rousseau,S.Singer Bayrle, R.Stampton and M.Aloisini,R.Biavati, M.Pierce, L.Voiland; O.Auber, C.Colson,Y.Kyrkos（models）

顧問/Consultants: Ove Arup & Partners（結構與設備/Structure and Services）；Davis Langdon（價格顧問/Cost Consultant）; Bovis Lend Lease（前期結構顧問/Pre-construction Advice）; Emmer Pfenninger& Partners（立面/Facades）; P.Castiglioni /G.Bianchi（照明/Lighting）; Phippen Randall & Parkes（經濟可承受的住宅裝修/Fit-out for Affordable Residential）;Charles Funke Associates（景觀/Landscaping）