伊莎貝拉·斯圖爾特·加德納博物館的整修和擴建，波士頓，美國

2012-07-27 03:00:46建筑設計倫佐皮亞諾建筑工作室

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑設計：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1 外景/External view（攝影/Photo: Nic Lehoux）

設計

博物館新翼的設計結合了玻璃和自然光線，創造了一個開放且呈歡迎姿態的入口，并提供了面向歷史建筑和花園的連續景觀。這座建筑由4部分組成，外覆有綠銹的銅和紅磚，看上去仿佛“懸浮”在透明的底層上一樣。該新翼最重要的特色是一座立方體的演奏廳和一個可調節高度的特殊展廊，這是博物館中首次以適應這些功能為目的而設計的空間。

經由一個面向埃文斯路公園的新入口，參觀者可以進入博物館，抵達被玻璃覆蓋的貝肯斯坦家庭大廳。一個名為“理查德·E.起居室”的新空間，將參觀者引入一個親切的家庭式環境，畫架上放有主機、書籍和觸屏控制器，可以提供伊莎貝拉·斯圖爾特·加德納與其藏品和獨特裝置，以及博物館常駐藝術家項目的相關信息。

考爾德伍德廳，作為博物館的新演奏廳，是新翼中最大的空間，有557m2（6 000 平方英尺），它是與日本永田音響公司的聲學家豐田泰久合作完成的。圍繞著中央的表演區，四面各設3層樓座，有300個座位，演奏廳保持著加德納博物館音樂項目特有的親切感。

特設展廊每年將開設3個主要展覽，它是一個靈活的空間，有一個可伸縮的屋頂及一面滿布窗戶的窗墻，可以借以眺望歷史博物館和修道院花園。增建的部分還包括溫室花房、景觀教室以及延展的室外花園空間；兩個藝術家公寓；保護實驗室；克萊爾和約翰·貝圖西教育工作室，它是可以為學生和家庭提供實踐機會的藝術工作坊；一個新的名為“加德納的禮物”的商店；一個新的餐廳和咖啡館，擁有室內及季節性室外座位。

伊拉貝拉·斯圖爾特·加德納博物館正在申請由美國綠色建筑委員會所頒發的綠色環保建筑金獎。這項可持續設計主要包括一個地熱井系統、日光采集、節水景觀技術以及為減少運輸對環境的影響而采用的地方和地區材料。

宮殿的整修

自1990年以來，加德納博物館已經完成了對歷史性宮殿建筑的重大整修，加固了其結構，并幫助它適應不斷增加的項目數和觀眾量。項目包括用保溫板玻璃替換庭院的天窗及安裝氣候調節系統。擴建工作補充了歷史建筑中正在進行的保護工作，包括一個以保護敏感型藝術品并提高觀賞者體驗感受的10年期照明規劃。

博物館保護項目的亮點是掛毯室，在被用作臨時音樂廳85年之后，它已經恢復了最初輝煌的樣子。現在，博物館內世界級的音樂會將在位于新翼的考爾德伍德廳舉行，而掛毯室則恢復了以前的布置，成為一個豪華的掛毯大廳。空間的保護性處理包括默瑟磚地面的清洗、法國中世紀石壁爐的復原、藝術品和家具物件的重新選置，以復制品替換具有重要歷史意義的紡織品，以及新的照明。□（李菁譯）

The Design

The design of the Museum's new wing incorporates glass and natural light to create an open and welcoming entrance,as well as to provide uninterrupted views of the historic building and gardens. The building features four volumes clad in green pre-patinated copper and red brick that appear to "float" above the transpent first floor. Key features of the new wing are a cube-shaped performance hall and an adjustable height special exhibition gallery,which are the Museum's first purpose-built spaces to accommodate such functions.

Visitors enter the Museum through a new entrance facing Evans Way Park into the glassenclosed Bekenstein Family Lobby. A new space,named the Richard E. Floor Living Room, welcomes the visitor in an intimate domestic-like setting where hosts, books, and touch screen monitors on easels offer information about Isabella Stewart Gardner, the collection and its unique installation,and the Museum's Artist-in-Residence Program.

Calderwood Hall, the Museum's new performance hall, is the largest space in the new wing at 6,000 square feet, andis designed in collaboration with acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota of Nagata Acoustics.With 300 seats configured in three balcony levels surrounding the central performing area on all four sides, the hall preserves the intimate experience that has long characterized the Gardner Museum's music program.

The Special Exhibition Gallery, which will present three major exhibitions each year, is a flexible space featuring a retractable ceiling and a full wall of windows overlooking the historic Museum and the Monks Garden. The addition also houses working greenhouses, a landscape classroom and expanded outdoor garden spaces; two artist apartments; conservation labs; the Claire and John Bertucci Education Studio, which will offer hands-on art workshops for students and families;a new store, called Gift at the Gardner; and a new restaurant, Café, with indoor and seasonal outdoor seating.

The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is seeking LEED gold certification by the United States Green Building Council. Primary components of the sustainable design are a geothermal well system,daylight harvesting, water-efficient landscaping techniques, and the use of local and regional materials, which reduces the environmental impact associated with transport.

Restoration of the Palace

Since 1990, the Gardner Museum has completed significant restoration work on the historic palace building to stabilize its structure and help accommodate increased programming and attendance. Projects have included replacing the skylight over the courtyard with thermal pane glass and installing a climate-control system. Construction of the extension complements preservation work that is ongoing within the historic building, including a decade-long lighting project to protect sensitive artwork and improve the visitor experience.

A centerpiece of the Museum preservation project is the Tapestry Room, which has been restored to its original glory after being used for 85 years as a temporary concert hall. As the Museum's world-class concerts will now take place in the new wing's Calderwood Hall, the Tapestry Room has been returned to its former configuration to be experienced as a grand tapestry hall. Conservation treatment of the space included the cleaning of its Mercer-tiled floors, restoration of the French medieval stone fireplace, reinstallation of select art and furniture objects, replacement of historic textiles with reproductions, and new lighting. □

業主/Client: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

合作/Collaborator: Burt Hill（Boston）

設計團隊/Design Team: E.Baglietto（Partner in charge）with M.Aloisini, I.Ceccherini V.Grassi,S.Ishida（partner）, Y.Kim, M.Liepmann, M.Neri, K.Schorn, T.Stewart, O.Teke and E.Moore; G.Langasco（CAD Operator）; F.Cappellini, A.Marazzi, F.Terranova（models）

顧問/Consultants: Buro Happold （結構和設備/Structure and Services）; Front（立面顧問/Facade Consultant）; Arup （照明/Lighting）; Nagata Acoustics （聲學/Acoustics）; Stuart-Lynn Company（造價顧問/Cost consultant）; Paratus Group（項目經理/Project Manager） CBT/Childs Bertman Tseckares（圖示和設計發展建筑顧問/Consulting Architect for Schematic & Design Development）