朗香教堂門房與修道院，朗香，法國

2012-07-27 03:00:50建筑設計倫佐皮亞諾建筑工作室

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑設計：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

勒·柯布西耶設計的朗香教堂每年吸引了成千上萬的參觀者和教徒。這個改造項目主要關注如何把這片場地、連同山上貧窮佳蘭隱修會修女們的住所一起，帶回更有沉思冥想氛圍和精神追求的狀態。

項目的設計任務是營造一處祥和的環境，環境中安靜內斂的美感突出了教堂的氣質，并與之形成互補。與此同時，設計任務也包括改善游客中心現有的設施。隱修會的修道院坐落在布勒芒山蒼翠茂盛的植被之間，是一處“靜謐、祈禱、和平與喜悅”的場所，這里的每一件事物都有助于精神上的沉思與冥想。

項目包括3個主要的設計內容——入口處的建筑物、修女宿舍和景觀設計。

為了改善現有的游客服務設施，原來入口處的門房被替換為一座功能更加豐富的建筑物，其中包括一個售票處、一所游客商店、一個生態花園和一間會議室，還有一些管理辦公室。建筑物還有一部分空間用于研究和檔案保存。

新的入口處建筑切入山坡，顯現在周邊地面的景觀中。它最主要的特征是有一大片面向游客抵達的區域和停車場敞開的玻璃幕墻。

修道院由12個修女宿舍單元組成，并配備了一些共同使用的起居空間（如餐廳和工作室），有一處為宗教信徒服務的小禮拜堂，還有一處為尋求靜默和精神休憩的游客提供的小屋。

所有宿舍的房間都是嵌入山坡中的小尺度獨立混凝土單元（270m x 270m）。它們沿著西側的山坡成組地排列下來，從房間里能清楚地看見山谷的景觀，由此建立了建筑物與當地社區的聯系。這些房間簡單樸素，每間都有單獨的冬季花園，是純粹用于靜默冥想的地方。

小禮拜堂也是修道院的一部分。它的位置遠離教堂的場地范圍，同樣切入山坡，與教堂及其周邊場地形成了和諧的關系。建造小禮拜堂的目的是要讓它成為一處與上帝進行溝通的場所，面向所有社區的教徒開放。

我們為整座建筑綜合體所選的材料十分簡單——包括混凝土、鋅板和木材，其目的是為了形成有利于冥思沉靜的氛圍。

在這個項目的設計中，大自然也扮演了至關重要的角色，突出了這片場地神圣而遠離塵囂的一面。

山坡上原有的植被和樹林都得到了保護，從而有助于形成貫穿整個設計的統一感和神圣感。

我們對所有可能減少能源消耗的環境過程也都進行了通盤考慮。□（徐知蘭譯）

1 模型平面/Model plan

2 總平面草圖/Site plan sketch

3 總平面/Site plan

4 建造中的區域鳥瞰圖（2011年8月）/Aerial view of the area under construction (Aug 2011)（攝影/Photo: Ives Goux）

Designed by Le Corbusier, the Chapel of Notre-Dame du Haut draws thousands of visitors and religious pilgrims every year.The project focuses on bringing the site back to a more contemplative and spiritual dimensionwith the settlement of a community of Poor Clare nuns in the premises of the hill.

The scope of the project is to create a peaceful environment,whose quiet and discreet beauty highlightsand complements the chapel, while at the same time enhancing existing facilities for visitors' reception. Immersed in the lush vegetation of the Bourlemont hill, the monastery is a place "of silence, prayer, peace and joy", where everything contributes to spiritual contemplation.

The project includes three main items: the gatehouse, the nunnery, and the landscape.

In order to enhance the existing visitors'facilities, the original gatehouse has been replaced with a newmore functional building that houses a ticket office, corner shop, bioclimatic garden and a meeting room, along with administrative spaces.Part of the building is also dedicated to the research and conservation of the archives.

Cut into the slope of the hill the new gatehouse merges within the surrounding landscape. It features a large glazed facade that opens to the visitors arrival area and parking.

The monastery is composed of twelve domestic units for the sisters with spaces for common living(refectory and workshops), an oratory for religious pilgrims, and a lodge to host visitors in search of quiet and spiritual rest.

The rooms are small independent concrete units that are set into the hillside (270m x 270m). They are positioned in clusters that gently slope down the west side of the hill offering a cleared view of the valley thereby establishing a relationship with the community. Simple and spare, they are each given an individual winter garden, a space entirely dedicated to contemplation.

The oratory is conceived as part of the monastery. Positioned off the chapel's site, it is embedded into the slope of the hill, creating a harmonious space with the chapel and the site. The oratory aims at being a place of communion open to pilgrims of all communities.

The building palette for the complex is simple:concrete, zinc, and woodto create an environment propitious to meditation.

Nature also plays a fundamental role in the project, highlighting the sacred and remote aspect of the site.

Preservation of the existing vegetation and forestation of the slopes helps create a sense of unity and sacredness throughout the design.

The project has been conceived taking into consideration all environmental procedures possible to reduce energy consumption.□

業主/Client: Association Oeuvre Notre-Dame du Haut + Poor Clares (Association Sainte Colette)

合作/Collaborator: Atelier Corajoud, landscape architects (Paris)

設計團隊/Design team: P.Vincent (partner in charge), F.Bolle with N.Boutet, C.Eliard, C.Klipfel,L.Lemoine, N.Meyer, J.Moolhuijzen (partner),M.Prini, D.Rat, M.Rossato Piano, V.Serafini, and A.Olivier, M.Milanese, L.Leroy; O.Aubert, C.Colson,Y.Kyrkos (models)

顧問/ Consultants: SLETEC（結構、水暖電和造價控制/Structure, MEP and Cost Control）; M.Harlé（圖形與標志/Graphics and Signage）; C. Guinaudeau（規劃/Planting）; Nunc / L.Piccon（項目統籌/Project Co-ordination）; P.Gillmann（施工管理/Construction Management）