倫敦橋大廈，倫敦，英國(guó)

2012-07-27 03:00:52建筑設(shè)計(jì)倫佐皮亞諾建筑工作室

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1 全景/External view（攝影/Photo: Michel Denance）

倫敦橋大廈也叫夏德大廈，是一座72層的綜合功能塔樓，位于泰晤士河南岸的倫敦塔火車站。這個(gè)車站接駁了火車、汽車和地鐵線路，是倫敦最繁忙的車站之一，每天人流量高達(dá)20萬(wàn)。根據(jù)倫敦市發(fā)展政策，本項(xiàng)目旨在促進(jìn)重要交通節(jié)點(diǎn)上的高密度開(kāi)發(fā)。

塔樓的形式取決于它在倫敦天際線上的突出地位，不同于紐約或香港之類的城市，它并非已有高層建筑群的一部分。項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)參考了基地附近倫敦港大型船舶的桅桿形狀以及莫奈的畫作“議會(huì)大廈”。

建筑的細(xì)金字塔造型和多種功能用途相適應(yīng)：底部每層面積較大的樓層用于辦公，中間樓層用于公共活動(dòng)和酒店，而頂部的樓層由于住宅。最后的68－72層也是公共樓層，提供了一個(gè)高于街道240m的觀景展廳。在這上面，玻璃幕墻向上繼續(xù)延伸至305m。使用功能的綜合性為建筑增加了更多活力，對(duì)于倫敦一個(gè)如此重要的公共建筑，公共參與性非常重要。

8片玻璃幕墻決定了建筑外形和大廈的視覺(jué)質(zhì)量。雙層被動(dòng)式幕墻全部采用了地鐵玻璃，幕墻內(nèi)的凹槽安裝的機(jī)械滾動(dòng)百葉起到遮陽(yáng)功能。幕墻通風(fēng)孔上的縫隙提供了自然通風(fēng)，這種通風(fēng)被用在辦公層的會(huì)議室或休息空間以及住宅層的冬季花園中。這種設(shè)計(jì)讓建筑可以與外部環(huán)境聯(lián)通，而在大多封閉的建筑中是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

建筑主要結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)位于建筑中心的滑模混凝土核心筒，承載了主要的管道、客梯和消防通道。單層和雙層電梯總計(jì)44臺(tái)，將位于街面和車站大廳的眾多建筑入口聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

本項(xiàng)目還包括了對(duì)于火車站大廳、汽車站和出租車站的重建，兩個(gè)新的長(zhǎng)寬各30m的廣場(chǎng)將會(huì)形成項(xiàng)目中心。這種對(duì)于公共空間的改善將會(huì)成為這個(gè)擁擠但被人忽視的城市空間新生的契機(jī)，也有望成為這個(gè)區(qū)域長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的催化劑。□（孫晨光譯）

London Bridge Tower, which is also known as the Shard, is a 72 storey mixed use tower located besides London Bridge Station on the south bank of the river Thames. The station, which combines train, bus and underground lines is one of the busiest in London with 200,000 users per day.The project is a response to the Mayor's policy of promoting high density development at key transport nodes.

The form of the tower was determined by its prominence on the London skyline. Unlike other cities such as New York or Hong Kong, the Shard is not part of an existing cluster of high rise buildings.References included the masts of ships docked in the nearby Pool of London and Monet's paintings of the Houses of Parliament.

The slender pyramidal form is suited to the variety of uses proposed: large floor plates for offices at the bottom, public areas and a hotel in the middle, apartments at the top. The final public floors, levels 68－72, accommodate a viewing gallery 240m above street level. Above, the shards continue to 305m. The mix of uses add vibrancy to the project: public access was deemed particularly important for such a significant building in London.

Eight glass shards define the shape and visual quality of the tower. The passive double fa?ade uses low-iron glass throughout, with a mechanised roller blind in the cavity providing solar shading. In the"fractures" between the shards opening vents provide natural ventilation to winter gardens. These can be used as meeting rooms or break-out spaces in the offices and winter gardens on the residential floors.They provide a vital link with the external environment often denied in hermetically sealed buildings.

The main structural element is the slip formed concrete core in the centre of the building. It houses the main service risers, lifts and escape stairs. A total of 44 single and double-deck lifts link the key functions with the various entrances at street and station concourse level.

The project also includes the redevelopment of the train station concourse and bus station. The existing roof is to be removed and replaced with a glazed canopy, and retail units relocated to open up visual connections between the train station, bus station and taxi ranks. Two new 30m x 30m public squares will form the centre of the scheme. Such improvements to the public realm are vital to the regeneration of this congested and neglected part of the city and will hopefully provide the catalyst to further redevelopment in the area.□

業(yè)主/Client: Sellar Property Group

合作/Collaborator: Adamson Associates (Toronto,London)

一期（規(guī)劃實(shí)施）/Phase One (Planning Application),2000-2003

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design team: J. Moolhuijzen (partner in charge), N. Mecattaf, W.Matthews with D.Drouin,A.Eris, S.Fowler, H.Lee, J.Rousseau, R.Stampton,M.van der Staay and K.Doerr, M.Gomes, J.Nakagawa,K.Rottova, C.Shortle; O.Aubert, C.Colson, Y.Kyrkos(models)

顧問(wèn)/Consultants: Ove Arup & Partners (結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)備/Structure and Services); Lerch, Bates & Associates(垂直交通/Vertical Transportation); Broadway Malyan (顧問(wèn)建筑師Consulting Architect)

二期/Phase Two, 2004-2012

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design team: J. Moolhuijzen, W.Matthews(partner and associate in charge), B.Akkerhuis,G.Bannatyne, E.Chen, G.Reid with O.Barthe,J.Carter, V.Delfaud, M.Durand, E.Fitzpatrick, S.Joly,G.Longoni, C.Maxwell-Mahon, J.B.Mothes, M.Paré,J.Rousseau, I.Tristrant, J.Winrow and O.Doule,J.Leroy, L.Petermann; O.Aubert, C.Colson, Y.Kyrkos(models)

顧問(wèn)/Consultants: WSP Cantor Seinuk (結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure); Ove Arup & Partners (建筑設(shè)備/Building Services); Lerch, Bates & Associates (垂直交通/Vertical Transportation); Davis Langdon (成本顧問(wèn)/Cost Consultant); Townshend Architects (景觀/Landscape); Pascall+Watson (車站負(fù)責(zé)建筑師/Executive Architect for the Station)