語法填空解題方法之以題救題

以題救題，即是利用同一份試題中其他文段里的語句的提示得出答案的解題策略。這種提示可以是間接的也可以是直接的，一般可作為提示的語句和考題都具有相同的結構或用法。

以下是2012年廣東高考英語語法填空題：

Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day， 16 （wear） sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 had bought（buy） the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 16 （please）， because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her， it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.

20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back， he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21 harder （hard） for everybody because it meant they had to turn around， but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turn to look at him， they had to look at Mary， 22 which made her feel like a star.

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23 for a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24 what the boy would do. Then he took 25 off， gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”

現以其中的第16、18、19、20、25題為例，闡述以題救題的解題策略。

請注意以下語句中的黑體加下劃線的單詞。

第16題

1.（閱讀理解C篇第一段）Coming across me wandering through the traffic， motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes.

2.（完形填空） However， some people argue that rules may be 14 ， having observed that rules change all the time...

解析：提示語句1的結構和第16題的結構非常相似，表示主動伴隨，提示語句2的結構體表示已經完成，這和此題的結構不完全相同，所以第16題的答案為wearing。其中提示語句1為直接提示，提示語句2為間接提示。

第18題

3. （閱讀理解A篇第一段）“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.

4. （閱讀理解A篇第四段） The expression can be pleasant.

解析：這兩句為間接提示。提示語句3和4表明，pleasant 用于形容物，pleased 用于形容人。第18題用于形容人（Mary），所以答案為 pleased。

第19題

5.（語法填空第一句） Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.

解析：此句為直接提示。提示語句5和第19題屬于同一種結構“定冠詞+first/last+名詞”，因此第19題的答案為the。

第20題

6.（語法填空） Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class.

7.（閱讀理解C 篇第一段） I was blind， but I was ashamed of it if it was known.

解析：以上提示句都有if， 它們的結構和第20題一樣。根據上下文語境，不難得出答案為If。（其實本份試卷中出現了11個含有if 的句子，這里就不一一列出了）

第25題

8. （語法填空）Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class.

解析：提示語句8 中的them 是一種直接提示。它指代those glasses，作took off的賓語，用人稱代詞賓格，所以答案為them。

值得一提的是：根據評卷場的數據顯示，第18、20、25題是錯誤率最高的題目。試想，如果使用本文提到的以題救題的方法解答，這幾道題的得分率將會大大提高。

練一練：以下為2012年汕頭二模語法填空題，其中17、18、21、22題適用于以題救題的方法。

One day a young man was standing in the middle of the town proclaiming（宣告） that he had the most beautiful heart in the whole valley. A large crowd 16 gathered（gather）， and they all admired his heart for it was perfect.

Suddenly， an old man appeared and said， “Why， your heart is not nearly as beautiful as 17 .” The crowd and the young man looked at the old man’s heart， which was full of scars. It had places where pieces had been removed and other 18 （piece） put in， but they didn''t fit quite right， and there were several jagged （鋸齒狀的） edges. In fact， in some places there were deep gouges （溝槽） where whole pieces were 19 missing（miss）.

The young man laughed. “Comparing your heart with mine， mine is perfect and yours is a mess of scars.”

“Yes，” said the old man， “Yours looks perfect 20 but I would never trade with you. You see， every scar represents a person to 21 I have given my love. I tear out a piece of my heart and give it to them， and often they give me a piece of their heart that fits into the empty place in my heart. But because the pieces aren''t exact， I have some rough edges， which I cherish， because they remind me of 22 love we shared. Sometimes I have given pieces of my heart away， and the other person hasn''t returned a piece of his or her heart 23 to me. These are the empty gouges. Although these gouges are painful， they stay open， 24 reminding （remind） me of the love I have for those people. So now do you see 25 what true beauty is?”

第17題：根據“The young man laughed.” “Comparing your heart with mine， mine is perfect and yours is a mess of scars.” 不難得出答案為mine。

第18題：根據“It had places where pieces had been removed”不難得出答案為pieces。

第21題：根據“I tear out a piece of my heart and give it to them” ，可以知道to后面填作賓語成分的詞，結合句法知識，不難得出答案為whom。這是間接提示。

第22題：根據“Although these gouges are painful， they stay open， 24 (remind) me of the love I have for those people.” 不難得出答案為the。

(作者單位：陽江市陽東縣第一中學)

責任編校 蔣小青