語法填空的八大考點

語法填空題有兩類：一類無提示詞，主要是對代詞、冠詞、介詞和關聯詞的考查；一類有提示詞，主要是對非謂語動詞、動詞時態、被動語態、比較級和詞類轉換的考查。

在解答語法填空題時，考生只有明確考點，熟悉考點，解題時才能做到有的放矢。

考點1：代詞

近幾年來主要考查了it作指示代詞、用作形式主語及形式賓語的用法及不定代詞和人稱代詞的用法。

[例1]She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. (2009高考)

答案：it

解析：作形式主語，指代“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。

[例2]He asked his teacher， “Sir， the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”（2010高考）

答案：it

解析：指代前面提到的the water，作like的賓語。

[例3] He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good. (2011高考)

答案：both

解析：指代he和me兩個人。

[例4]“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” ... “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. Then he took 25 off， gave a big smile and... (2012高考)

答案：them

解析：指代上文的“sun glasses”，作took off的賓語。

考點2：冠詞

近幾年來對冠詞a，an， the分別進行了考查，其中對冠詞a的考查較多。

[例1]Besides， shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience.... （2009高考）

答案：a

解析：not a pleasant experience意為“不是一次令人愉快的經歷”。

[例2] A young man， while traveling through a desert， came across a spring of clear water. 31 water was sweet. （2010高考）

答案：The

解析：特指前句中的“a spring of clear water”。

[例3]We had 24 amazing conversation. （2011高考）

答案：an

解析：an amazing conversation意為“一次令人吃驚的交談”，amazing的讀音以元音開頭，故用an。

[例4]But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her， it was probably the fact that she sat in 1９ last row. （2012高考）

答案：the

解析：last為形容詞“最后的”，the last row“最后一排”，定冠詞the表示特指。

考點3：介詞

介詞包括表時間、方位、方式的介詞on，in，at，with，by，through等。近幾年來主要考查了on，with，at，for等。

[例1] When Jane got home， with her small but well-chosen present in her bag， her parents were already 39 table having supper. （2009高考）

答案：at

解析：固定短語at table意為“在用餐”。

[例2] The young man went home 35 a happy heart.（2010高考）

答案：with

解析：with a happy heart在句中作伴隨狀語，句意為“年輕人滿心歡喜地回去了”。

[例3] I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 23 his own either.（2011高考）

答案：on

解析：固定短語on one’s own 意為“獨自地”。

[例4]The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered...（2012高考）

答案：for

解析：for后接（一段）時間，表示某個動作或某種狀態延續多久。如for a long time，for two weeks等。

考點4：關聯詞

關聯詞包括表轉折或對比的but，while，表示并列的and，or等；引導狀語從句的從屬連詞，如because，so，when， until， if等；引導定語從句的關系詞，如who， which， that， where， when等，以及引導名詞性從句的連接詞，如that，what等。

[例1] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day， 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.（2008高考）

答案：but

解析：句意為“這樣干了一天后，他非常累，但他感到非常高興，因為莊稼確實‘長得’更高了”。

[例2] My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived.（2011高考）

答案：until

解析：連詞until引導時間狀語從句，until the bus arrived“直到公共汽車到來”。

[例3] 20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back， he was wrong. （2012高考）

答案：If

解析：if引導條件狀語從句，句意為“如果他認為坐在后面就能不被人注意到，他就錯了”。

[例4] He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher. (2010高考)

答案：who

解析：elder為先行詞，who在定語從句中作主語。

[例5] I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007高考)

答案：who

解析：who在賓語從句中作主語。

[例6] Behind him were other people to 32 he was trying to talk， ...（2011高考）

答案：whom

解析：whom在賓語從句中作talk的賓語。

[例7] One day， he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔) up all of his crop a few inches.（2008高考）

答案：that

解析：引導同位語從句，對抽象名詞idea起補充說明的作用，that在句中不作任何句子成分，也沒有任何詞義。

[例8]Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， 22 made her feel like a star. （2012高考）

答案：which

解析：which引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句的內容。

[例9] ... and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do. （2012高考）

答案：what

解析：what在賓語從句中作do的賓語。

[例10] Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. (2009高考)

答案：where

解析：where引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語，先行詞為counter。

考點5：非謂語動詞

包括不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞及動名詞。對考生來說，了解它們在句中的功用、區別及常考點是非常必要的。

[例1] He spit it out， 37 (say) it was awful. （2010高考）

答案：saying

解析：現在分詞saying，作伴隨狀語。

[例2] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back， and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011高考）

答案：sitting

解析：sitting at the front是a man發出的動作，故用現在分詞作賓補，表主動意義。

[例3]He suddenly appeared in class one day， 16 (wear) sun glasses.（2012高考）

答案：wearing

解析：現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。

[例4]For example， the proverb， “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow. （2008高考）

答案：to help

解析：不定式作目的狀語。

[例5]She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother. （2009高考）

答案：to please

解析：to please在形容詞后作狀語。

考點6：謂語動詞

謂語動詞包括動詞的時態、語態、虛擬語氣和主謂一致等。

[例1] The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village. （2007高考）

答案：broke

解析：考查了謂語動詞break的過去式broke，句型“...was/were doing sth. when sth. did...”表示“……正在做某事，這時（突然）發生了另外一事”。

[例2] Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008高考)

答案：results

解析：這是一般性結論，用一般現在時，主語是動名詞短語，故用第三人稱單數。

[例3] ...， people stepped your feet or 34(push) you with their elbows(肘部)， hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. （2009高考）

答案：pushed

解析：考查了push的過去式，據連詞or前后的謂語動詞時態應保持一致可知，應用一般過去時。

[例4] Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane 4 (inform). （2009高考）

答案：was informed

解析：簡被告知，“父親最后決定戒煙了”，故用inform的一般過去時的被動式was informed。

[例5]After a four-day journey，the young man

33 （present）the water to the old man. （2010高考）

答案：presented

解析：據全文的主體時態為一般過去時，年輕人把水贈送給他的老師是過去發生的動作，故用一般過去時presented。

[例6] He 1９ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. （2011高考）

答案：pretended或was pretending

解析：由與之并列的giving可知，用過去進行時was pretending，作者注意到當時他正在把玩具虎當成真的并給它配音。

[例7]He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. （2012高考）

答案：had bought

解析：as if引導的狀語從句是與過去事實相反的情況，故用“had bought”。

考點7：比較等級

近幾年來，僅考查了單音節形容詞或副詞的“比較級”。

[例1] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day， but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). （2008高考）

答案：higher

解析：莊稼確實“長得”比以前更高了。

[例2] The teacher replied，“ You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 3９ (sweet).”（2010高考）

答案：sweeter

解析：否定詞nothing與形容詞比較級sweeter構成最高級意義，句意為“沒有什么比它更甜的了”。

[例3] I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. （2011高考）

答案：later

解析：late是副詞，意為“遲，晚”。根據句意，“我早點離開了（那場音樂會）是因為那天的晚些時候我有個約會?！笨芍闷浔容^級later。

[例4]It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around， but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. （2012高考）

答案：harder

解析：hard的比較級在句中作賓語補足語。

考點8：詞類轉換

[例1] We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. （2007高考）

答案：merrily

解析：修飾謂語動詞talked，作狀語，用副詞。

[例2]This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. (2008高考)

答案：natural

解析：在名詞前作定語，用形容詞。

[例3]But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009高考)

答案：choice

解析：在形容詞性物主代詞后用名詞。

[例4]His teacher took a deep drink， smiled

34 (warm)， and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. （2010高考）

答案：warmly

解析：修飾謂語動詞smiled，作狀語，用副詞。

[例5]He must be 20 (mental) disabled. （2011高考）

答案：mentally

解析：修飾其后的形容詞disabled，作狀語，用副詞。mentally disabled意為“弱智”。

[例6]For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18 (please)， because there were many empty seats in the room.

答案：pleased

解析：在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，表示“高興的”。

考生知道高考語法填空的八個考點后，就應設法著重復習和掌握這八個方面的語法知識，有了堅實的語法知識和正確的解題方法，才能提高答題的準確率。

(作者單位：梅州市五華縣安流中學)

責任編校 蔣小青