巧用“萬能”句型，潤色基礎寫作

基礎寫作雖然可以簡單被看作“翻譯句子和連接句子”，但若能適當運用句型以及連接句子的技巧可以使文章有別于一般生硬的翻譯，爭取高分。

通過實踐歸納，筆者總結出寫作中使用頻率高、套用范圍廣的語法及句型，建議考生在寫作時優先考慮使用這些“萬能”句型，豐富文采。本文將以2010、2011和2012年三年廣東高考英語基礎寫作為例，探討一下如何整合句子以及潤色句子。

筆者歸納的常用整合句子方法如下：

一、定語從句

適用范圍：被描述的對象是人、物、時間或地點，且是名詞成分時，通常會作為定語從句的先行詞，通過定語從句進一步描述該對象。

1. The number of the smokers has already reached 350 million， among which the males hold 75% and the females hold 25%. [2010年廣東高考，寫作要點——相關數據：(1)吸煙人數：約35億 (2)分布：男性75％；女性25％”]

2. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother， whose writer is Amy Chua， a Chinese American and professor at Yale University， was published in 2010. [2011年廣東高考，寫作要點——(1)書名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother；(2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍華人，耶魯大學教授；(3)出版時間：2010年]

二、非謂語動詞

適用范圍：中文翻譯中有合適的動詞可作非謂語使用，與句中謂語動詞構成并列、伴隨等關系。非謂語動詞常可由定語從句改寫而來，為避免句型單一，若一篇文章中多次使用了定語從句，可考慮把其中一個定語從句改寫為非謂語動詞短語，反之亦然。

1. My country begins to carry out the policy aiming to forbid smoking in public buildings since January 1st， 2011. [2010年廣東高考，寫作要點——內容：公共場所禁煙；實施時間：2011年1月1日起；實施范圍：全國]

2. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother， written by Amy Chua， a Chinese American and professor at Yale University， was published in 2010. [2011年廣東高考，寫作要點——(1)書名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother；(2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍華人，耶魯大學教授；(3)出版時間：2010年]

三、狀語從句

適用范圍：根據因果、時間、條件、讓步等邏輯關系，選擇適當的連詞，連接主、從句的內容。

1. More than 100 thousand people per year die because they are terribly influenced by the second smoke around. [2010年廣東高考，寫作要點——相關數據 (4)因二手煙死亡人數：超過10萬／年”]

2. Surprisingly， most Chinese mothers do not agree with Amy Chua although her 17-year-old elder daughter was recently reported to have been admitted to both Harvard and Yale. [2011年廣東高考，寫作要點——相關報道：⑵意外反應：多數中國媽媽不贊同作者的做法；⑶最新消息：17歲的大女兒已被哈佛大學和耶魯大學錄取]

四、“so / such +adj./ adv. + that…”結構

適用范圍：中文寫作內容中涉及相關形容詞或副詞（或可根據中文寫作內容合理增加形容詞或副詞），并通過該句型表示目的、因果等。

1. About 540 million non-smokers are so severely affected that every year more than 100 thousand people die of second smoke. (2010年廣東高考，寫作要點——相關數據 (3)受二手煙影響人數：約5 4億 (4)因二手煙死亡人數：超過10萬／年”)

2. The debate was so heated that people began to argue about which way of parenting was better， the traditional way or the American way. (2011年廣東高考，寫作要點——基本信息：⑸效應：引發中美教育方式孰優孰劣的討論)

五、“with”結構

指with引出的介詞短語或“with+賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。

適用范圍：對話題進行補充，或與主句構成伴隨關系。

1. With the aim of freeing people from smoke in every public room， the government has taken action to post the sign of preventing smoking. [2010年廣東高考，寫作要點——目標：所有室內公共場所無煙；措施：張貼禁煙標志”]

2. With the stories about how she educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way， the book has led to a heated discussion about whether the Chinese way of educating is better than the American one. [2011年廣東高考，寫作要點——基本信息：⑷內容：作者用中國傳統方式教育兩個女兒的故事；⑸效應：引發中美教育方式孰優孰劣的討論]

運用“萬能”句型時，還需要注意以下幾點：

一、按題目提供的順序整合句子。題目提供的寫作內容已具內在邏輯性，建議考生在寫作時根據題目提供的順序進行寫作，整合句子時也應該按順序整合前后內容，切忌把第一句和最后一句進行整合。

二、避免在同一篇文章中多次使用同一句型。在一篇文章中，要避免單一，做到句式多樣化。2012年廣東高考英語基礎寫作可適當運用“萬能”句型：

Born in Australia on March 7th， 1915 (非謂語)， Allan Stewart， got his master’s degree in 2006 when he broke the world record of being the oldest one to get a master’s degree (定語從句). With a positive attitude towards academic study (with結構)， he firmly believes that one is never too old to challenge himself. Therefore， he got his first degree in 1936 as well as his second degree， the doctor’s degree in medical science. Allan Stewart succeeded in getting a master’s degree in 2006 as his third degree after he decided to study laws at the age of more than 80 (狀語從句). In 2012， he got a fourth degree through on-line study and he was so good at arranging time for study that (so + adj. + that結構) he was praised by his teacher.

三、“萬能”句型同樣可用于任務寫作。以2012年廣東英語高考為例：

1. 就“上文使你想起哪位對你幫助最大的老師”發表觀點時，可這樣寫：

The passage reminds me of Miss Zhang， my English teacher， who was kind， considerate， and loved by many students. She was such a patient teacher that she always encouraged me to do better and helped me solve my problems in study.

2. 寫“你怎樣看待老師對學生的影響”這一要點時，可這樣寫：

Teachers play an important role in students’ life because they can set a good example to students. Besides， with their help and encouragement， students can be inspired to achieve greater success.（或Besides， inspired by their words and love， students are able to overcome the difficulty on their way to success）

寫作內容可以千變萬化，但無論什么內容，都可以靈活運用這些句型來表達，以不變應萬變。

(作者單位：廣東實驗中學)

責任編校 蔣小青