巧用非謂語動詞提高基礎寫作分數

廣東省高考英語基礎寫作的評分標準主要強調內容要點，注重語言準確度和篇章連貫性，鼓勵考生嘗試語言表達的多樣化和復雜化。因此，要寫成一篇較有水準的作文，除了要點齊全和語言準確以外，還必須在語法結構以及表達的多樣性和靈活性上有所表現。恰當的運用非謂語來修飾和銜接句子不失為達到該評分標準的一種有效途徑，既避免了過多的簡單句或復合句帶來的枯燥乏味，又使文章連貫緊湊，句式活潑，增強篇章可讀性。

一、運用非謂語動詞作定語提升句子

[例1]信息點——壹基金創建時間：2007年4月19日；倡導理念：每人每月捐出一元，組成一個互相關愛的大家庭。

信息表述：One Foundation was established on April 19th， 2007 and it promotes the idea that a monthly donation of one yuan from each individual helps form a big family where everyone cares about each other.

[點撥] 該句要點齊全，語法和句子結構都沒有錯誤，但兩個簡單句的并列使句子關系松散，沒有亮點，不易得高分。如果用非謂語動詞改寫，會使整個句子結構緊湊，表現力更強。

改寫：One Foundation，established on April 19th， 2007， promotes the idea that a monthly donation of one yuan from each individual helps form a big family where everyone cares about each other.

[例2] 信息點——節目：我是歌手；首播：湖南衛視；效果：為熱情的觀眾和有才華的參賽者帶來別樣的感覺。

信息表述：I’m a Singer， which premiered on Hunan Satellite TV， offers something different to both viewers who are excited and contestants that are talented.

[點撥] 該句無論從語法還是句子結構來看，都沒有錯誤，但過多使用從句，看似高級卻稍顯累贅。如果用非謂語動詞改寫，會使語言精煉，給讀者感覺格外的舒服。

改寫：I’m a Singer， premiering on Hunan Satellite TV， offers something different to both excited viewers and talented contestants.

二、運用非謂語動詞作狀語提升句子

[例3] 信息點——（春節）慶祝活動：除夕夜，全家團圓，吃團圓飯，看春晚。

信息表述：On the Eve of the new year， the whole family will get together， have a big family feast as well as enjoy the Spring Festival Gala.

[點撥] 該句無語法錯誤，但三個動詞的并列過于平淡，缺少層次，如果用非謂語動詞改寫，會使整個句子主次分明，層次感增強。

改寫：On the Eve of the new year， the whole family will get together， having a big family feast as well as enjoying the Spring Festival Gala.

[例4] 信息點——（壹基金李連杰的個人看法）擔憂：最近一些相關負面新聞的影響；展望：中國慈善事業將吸引更多人參與。

信息表述：Though he is worried about the effects of some recent negative news， Li expects that the charity work in China will attract more people to participate in it in the future.

[點撥] 該句總體過于平淡，缺少亮點，如果用非謂語動詞改寫，會使整個句子鮮活起來，給人以新鮮感。

改寫：Though worried about the effects of some recent negative news， Li expects that the charity work in China will attract more people to participate in it in the future.

三、運用非謂語動詞優化語篇銜接與連貫

非謂語不僅可以作為提升句子的手段，還可以作為句與句之間的銜接手段，從而使基礎寫作內容上下貫通，一氣呵成，優化語篇。

[例5] 信息點——[（里約熱內盧）簡介]位置：位于巴西東南部；人口：約6百萬，是巴西第二大城市；旅游資源：世界上最奔放的狂歡節；魅力足球；美麗的自然景色。

信息表述：As Brazil’s second largest city in the southeast with a population of about 6 million， Rio de Janeiro is a great tourist destination. Staying there， you’ll experience all of the following： the most exciting carnival in the world， the real attraction of football and beautiful natural scenery.

[例6] 信息點——（關于神九發射成功）心情：激動，為我國取得的成就感到自豪；感想：努力學習，為國家做貢獻。

信息表述：Apart from being excited， I also feel proud of the great achievement made by our country. Encouraged by this inspiring news， I decide to work hard and make my contribution to our country in the future.

[例7] 信息點——新交規出臺背景：（1）違反交通規則 （2）不文明駕駛現象；新交規開始實施時間：2013年1月1日

信息表述：As we know， in the past many Chinese drivers broke traffic rules and drove in bad manners. To solve these problems， China’s new traffic rules took effect on January 1st， 2013.

訓練提升

一、請用非謂語動詞改寫以下句子

1. The new traffic regulation that began to take effect on Jan. 1st 2013 has generated a heated debate.

2. Prices of goods which are bought on the Internet can be much lower than store prices.

3. 37% of the people who were surveyed thought the turning point of China’s economy will come in 2015.

4. When people compare different cultures， they often pay attention only to the differences but ignore the many similarities.

5. Because I was greatly touched by the story， I was lost in thought.

6. For the purpose of developing a sense of humor， one must have an open mind and the ability with which one can deal with unpleasant events.

二、請用非謂語動詞翻譯以下句子

1. 文化遺產是屬于全民的寶藏，而不是屬于某個人的。

2. 成功的語言學習者善于抓住一切與說這種語言的人交流的機會而不是等待機會。

3. 全國到處在傳唱群星演唱的《北京歡迎你》。這首歌曲成為了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。

4. 發現學生昏昏欲睡的樣子后，老師竭盡所能來激發他們的興趣。

5. 受到理想的鼓勵，他堅持學習而沒有放棄希望。

6. 為了拯救那些禽流感患者，醫生們日夜工作，廢寢忘食。

三、語篇訓練

你校學生會準備辦一期英語墻報，介紹我國著名的科學家。請你根據下列提示寫一篇英語短文。

【寫作內容】

參考詞匯：航空學 the science of Astronomy，

航天科技事業 AnA industry， （Astronomy and Aircraft），

“神童” a super-talented boy

題目：A Brief Introduction of Qian Xuesen

參考答案

一、請用非謂語動詞改寫以下句子

1. The new traffic regulation taking effect on Jan. 1st 2013 has generated a heated debate.（現在分詞作定語）

2. Prices of goods bought on the Internet can be much lower than store prices.（過去分詞作定語）

3. 37% of the surveyed people thought the turning point of China’s economy will come in 2015. （過去分詞作定語）

4. When comparing different cultures， people often pay attention only to the differences， ignoring the many similarities. （現在分詞作狀語）

5. Greatly touched by the story， I was lost in thought.（過去分詞作狀語）

6. To develop a sense of humor， one must have an open mind and the ability to deal with unpleasant events. （不定式作狀語；不定式作定語）

二、請用非謂語動詞翻譯以下句子

1. A cultural relic is a treasure belonging to all people rather than any individual.（現在分詞作定語）

2. A successful language learner is good at catching all the chances to communicate with native speakers instead of waiting for a chance.（不定式作定語）

3. The song，Welcome to Beijing，performed by many famous stars is sung all over the country， making it the most popular song. （過去分詞作定語；現在分詞作狀語）

4. Having found students sleepy，the teacher made every effort to arouse their interest. （現在分詞作狀語）

5. Inspired by his dreams， he continued his study instead of giving up hope.（過去分詞作狀語）

6. To save those who suffered from bird flu， the doctors worked day and night， forgetting their meals and sleep. （不定式作狀語；現在分詞作狀語）

三、語篇訓練

A Brief Introduction of Qian Xuesen

Born into a wealthy family on December 11， 1911 in Zhejiang Province， Qian Xuesen was so intelligent that he was regarded as a “super talented” boy in his childhood. Having graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934， he went to America for further study and gained his doctor’s degree in the Science of Astronomy. After returning to China， he devoted all his life to China’s AnA industry， taking part in the design and research of rockets as well as opening a new era of China’s Astronomy industry. Making outstanding achievements in this field， Qian is honored as the “Father of China’s Astronomy”. To our sadness， Qian Xuesen， a pioneer of China’s Astronomy industry， passed away in November， 2009 in Beijing.

（作者單位：中山市第一中學）

責任編校 蔣小青