基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作要求考生根據(jù)所提供的信息,用五個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。由于有句子數(shù)量的限定,很多考生對(duì)這一部分的寫(xiě)作感到有難度。考生經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂和句子成分殘缺的錯(cuò)誤,嚴(yán)重影響到得分。本文著重談?wù)勗诨A(chǔ)寫(xiě)作中如何巧用分詞,為你的基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作增色增分。
使用分詞,使兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子,這不僅增加了句子的信息量而且使得句子更加高級(jí)。例如:Yuan Longping was born in a poor family in Beijing on September 7, 1937. He studied hard and showed great interest in agriculture. 使用分詞后,這兩個(gè)句子就可以合并成Born in a poor family in Beijing on September 7, 1937, Yuan Longping studied hard, showing great interest in agriculture.
如何恰當(dāng)使用分詞呢?首先要用英語(yǔ)句子準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)每個(gè)信息點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容,保證每個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)相同。然后根據(jù)兩個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),使用分詞把兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子,也就是保留一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),把另一個(gè)句子中的主語(yǔ)去掉,其謂語(yǔ)改為分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞)。
[例1](2011年廣東高考題的部分信息點(diǎn))
⑴書(shū)名:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
⑵作者:Amy Chua,美籍華人,耶魯?鄢大學(xué)教授
⑶出版時(shí)間:2010年
第一步,根據(jù)信息點(diǎn),寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)相同的英語(yǔ)句子:
Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was written by Amy Chua, a Chinese-American professor at Harvard University.
The book was published in 2010.
第二步,用分詞合并這兩個(gè)句子:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother,written by Amy Chua,a Chinese American professor at Harvard University,was published in 2010.
[例2](2011年廣東高考題的部分信息點(diǎn))
⑷內(nèi)容:作者用中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)方式教育兩個(gè)女兒的故事
⑸效應(yīng):引發(fā)中美教育方式孰優(yōu)孰劣的討論
第一步,根據(jù)信息點(diǎn),寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)相同的英語(yǔ)句子:
This book contains the stories of the writer using traditional Chinese approaches of education to bring up her two daughters.
This book results in a heated discussion whether Chinese means of education are better than American ones.
第二步,用分詞合并這兩個(gè)句子:This book contains the stories of the writer using traditional Chinese approaches of education to bring her two daughters up, resulting in a heated discussion whether Chinese means of education are better than American ones.
從上面的兩個(gè)例子中可以總結(jié)出下面兩種情況:
1. 句子(1):主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分①
句子(2):主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分②
合并為:主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分①,+doing+其它成分②
或Doing+其它成分①,主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分②。
2. 句子(1):主語(yǔ)+be done +其它成分①
句子(2):主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分②
合并為:主語(yǔ)+be done+其它成分①,doing+其它成分②
或Done+其它成分①,主語(yǔ)+do+其它成分②。
巧妙使用分詞,使得你的短文內(nèi)容連貫,句子結(jié)構(gòu)高級(jí)而又優(yōu)美,語(yǔ)言流暢,為你的基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作增色增分。
試試看:
一、合并句子 請(qǐng)使用分詞合并下列各組句子。
1. Jack died. He left me 4 collections of CD.
2. He returned to London last week. He had lived abroad for ten years.
3. Forty percent of the students agree that students can take smart cell phones to school. They argue that smart cell phones is helpful in schooling.
4. He was exhausted by the long journey. He soon fell asleep.
5. He was lost in deep thought. He didn’t hear the car horns.
6. Shanghai is located on the Yangtze River. It covers an area of 6340.5 square kilometers.
二、基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作
你的美國(guó)筆友Lisa暑假期間將要來(lái)中國(guó)旅游,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示, 寫(xiě)一篇介紹你的家鄉(xiāng)廣州的短文。
名稱:有“花城”美譽(yù)
歷史:有2200多年,古代中國(guó)“海上絲綢之路”的發(fā)祥地(origin)
人口:1300多萬(wàn)
位置:廣東省中南部
面積:7434.4平方公里
旅游資源:豐富,如陳家祠、廣州塔、奧林匹克中心、吸引著大量的國(guó)內(nèi)外游客
美食:品嘗美味粵菜,粵菜國(guó)內(nèi)外享有盛譽(yù)
[寫(xiě)作要求]
只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。
[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確,信息內(nèi)容完整,篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。
寫(xiě)作過(guò)程:
第一步,信息分組,即將題中所有信息點(diǎn)分為五組,以便用五個(gè)句子來(lái)表達(dá)。如本篇作文可以分為以下五組:
1. 歷史:有2200多年,古代中國(guó)“海上絲綢之路”的發(fā)祥地(origin);
2. 位置:廣東省中南部
面積:7434.4平方公里
3. 人口:1300多萬(wàn)
4. 名稱:有“花城”美譽(yù)
旅游資源:豐富,如陳家祠、廣州塔、奧林匹克中心、吸引著大量的國(guó)內(nèi)外游客
5. 美食:粵菜國(guó)內(nèi)外享有盛譽(yù)
第二步,按組表達(dá),將上述各組信息點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)句子表達(dá)出來(lái),若該組有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上信息點(diǎn),表達(dá)時(shí)盡可能使兩個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)一致或一句的主語(yǔ)同另一句的賓語(yǔ)一致,以便用分詞或同位語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言整合手段來(lái)整合。
1. Guangzhou has a history of 2,200 years. It was the origin of the Silk Road on sea in ancient time.
2. Guangzhou is located in the mid-south of Guangdong Province. It covers an area of 7,434.4 square kilometers.
3. It has a population of over 13 million.
4. Guangzhou is recognized as “the Flower City”. Guangzhou has many places of interest,such as Chenjia Temple, Guangzhou Tower, the Olympic Center etc. Guangzhou attracts a great number of tourists from home and abroad.
5. The tourists can enjoy Guangzhou Cuisine. Guangzhou Cuisine is well-known across the world.
第三步,合句成文,用分詞、同位語(yǔ)或從句等語(yǔ)言整合手段,將各組句子分別合并為一個(gè)句子,并注意語(yǔ)篇的連貫性。這一步留給同學(xué)們完成。
參考答案
一、合并句子
1. Jack died, leaving me 4 collections of CD.
2. Having lived abroad for ten yeas, he returned to London last week.
3. Forty percent of the students agree that students can take smart cell phones to school, arguing that smart cell phones is helpful in schooling.
4. Exhausted by the long journey, he soon fell asleep.
5. Lost in deep thought, he didn't hear the car horns.
6. Shanghai is located on the Yangtze River, covering an area of 6340.5 square kilometers.
二、基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作
第三步:Guangzhou, the origin of the Silk Road on sea in ancient time, has a history of 2,200 years. It is located in the mid-south of Guangdong Province, covering an area of 7,434.4 square kilometers. It has a population of over 13 million. Recognized as“the Flower City”,it has many places of interest,such as Chenjia Temple,Guangzhou Tower,the Olympic Center etc,attracting a great number of tourists from home and abroad. The tourists can enjoy Guangzhou Cuisine,well-known across the world.
(作者單位:汕頭市澄海實(shí)驗(yàn)高級(jí)中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青